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  • 1.
    Abbott, Daniel
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    The architectural design of Swedish live-work premises: A case study on live-work premises and its potential2021Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The pandemic has forced many to work from home and to mix the work environment with the residential environment. The question is if this works? A new concept, based on an old, is live-work premises or as they are called in Sweden bokaler. Bokaler is a concept where the residence is integrated and coexist with work. Bokaler as a concept is not limited to home offices and can involve more traditional work such as service work. A year with this new work environment has made people more aware of the benefits. Many would like to keep being able to work from home after the pandemic, but there has also been reports of concerns regarding how good the home-work environment is. With this new trend, this report will explore the design choices that should be considered when designing a desirable work and residential environment, or in other words desirable bokal premises.

    This study also hypothesises that live-work premises can benefit vision of safer and more attractive cities. As safety and attractiveness is often associated with the “mixed city,” a term used by architects and municipality staff alike. The possibility to establish bokaler as a concept in Sweden will also be explored.

    The research is based upon a casestudy research method, where the empiric data comes from surveys (users of existing bokaler), interviews with architects and urban planners, and even how existing theories about creating desirable environments can becompared with existing bokaler in Sweden. The research will benefit a design method that will use the data as arguments for design choices. The study uses this method to see if the desired qualities can be replicated.

    The research managed to interview ten owners of bokaler, five architects and study six different variations ofthe bokal typology. The result showed that it is often difficult to include allthe desired functions from a work or residential environment. Since bokaler often are placed on the bottom floor many users experience discomfort from being exposed to the city. Architects also points out that there are legislative issues that prevents the concept to thrive fully, they also point out that there could also be cultural and societal limitations to the concept. For instance, workspaces and residences are taxed differently from each other, so that a mix of those functions becomes difficult to assess what law should be abided. The Swedish society also benefits larger companies compared to sole proprietorships, which are oftenthe users of bokal premises. To establish small businesses in a residential area, to achieve a mix of functions would implicate huge risks for thoseowners.

    The resulting considerations to designa bokal, came down to three things, for it to thrive in Swedish society. These three considerations were also replicated in a design proposal for asite in Luleå.Functions (residential and work functions) should preferably not mix inside the premise. This is because separations lead to less conflict and can even be able to create a more pleasant environment. The bokal should be flexible in its use of rooms and spaces so that it can adapt to changes and multiple functions. The bokal premise relation to the city is also important. The placement in the city and the density of people is important for it to thrive, but also for those who live in the premise to prosper the organisation of rooms and functions should be reflected upon.That the bokal can benefit an attractive society is difficult to assess before seeing the concept itself thriving inthe Swedish society. The possibility to achieve social control exist in theory but is something that should be researched more thoroughly.

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  • 2.
    Abrahamsson, Lena
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Enander, Mats
    Olsson, Hans
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Ranhagen, Ulf
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Fallstudierapport: Iggesunds bruk. Efterbehandlingen. Arbetsrapport1993Report (Other academic)
  • 3.
    Abrahamsson, Lena
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Enander, Mats
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Olsson, Hans
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Ranhagen, Ulf
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Förstudie av massabalshanteringen vid Iggesunds kartongbruk: arbetsrapport1996Report (Other academic)
  • 4.
    Al-Falahi, Ahmad
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Virtual Reality in Architecture: Technical limitations, solutions and future use2022Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    VR is a relatively new technology that has been shown to have potential to increase productivity andfacilitate better decision making, both within the architecture role and in the broader building industry. However, there are many difficulties that stand in the way of this new technology. In this study, the researcher uses semi-structured interviews to interview six working architects from threecities in Sweden. This is an attempt to investigate what architects think are the technical difficultiesthat stand in the way of VR use within the architect role. Both software and hardware limitations are investigated. I additionally investigate what architects think are potential solutions to those problems, and how architects think VR can be used in the future in a way that would be useful and facilitate better communication. This study found that, according to the architects interviewed, the technical limitations are mainly the lack of portability, isolation from the outside world, the need for powerful hardware, motion sickness, movement restrictions and the setup process being generally inconvenient. The future use of VR that would be useful according to the architects interviewed are the ability to have virtual meetings, VR being used in conjunction with AR, the ability to design and sketch in VR and using VR as a communication tool to convey design ideas to the public.

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  • 5.
    Al-Kahwati, Mosteffa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering.
    Byggnadsinformationsmodellering (BIM) för Byggprojektledning: Ett Kommunikation & Samarbetsverktyg2020Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 300 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    New opportunities within communication and collaboration is a big incentive regarding the development of digital tools in the construction industry. The project manager plays a crucial part in today’s construction projects in order to successfully deliver projects, and communication and collaboration is at the heart of this role. The purpose of this master thesis has been to investigate how the role of the project manager can be streamlined and supported with BIM. The focus of the study has been to investigate how communication and collaboration between the project manager and other participants can be supported with BIM. This has been done by answering the following three question formulations.

    • How does the role of a project manager which represents an owner look like?
    • Which opportunities does BIM provide to a project manager’s work and how does this affect the communication and collaborations with other participants?
    • Which obstacles and challenges exists regarding the implementation of BIM in a project manager’s work? 

    The following master thesis has been conducted in collaboration with AB Stångåstaden. Semi-structured interviews regarding the role of the project manager were conducted with project managers which represented Stångåstaden and NCC. Additional interviews regarding BIM were conducted with interviewees with experience within BIM. The interview study was combined with a literature study and observations of the project manager role on AB Stångåstaden.

    The observations and the results from the interview study with the project managers revealed that the role of a project manager which represents an owner is a very broad role where leadership, communication and collaboration is at the heart of the role. This was presented clearly by the interviewed project managers which stated that their role means to coordinate the construction process, from early stages to completion of the projects, in order to ensure that the owner gets what has been ordered.

    The study presented three opportunities with BIM linked to communication and collaboration for a project manager. The first opportunity which the interview study presented was that BIM is a good tool of analysis within a project team. The project managers emphasized the importance of the project team’s ability to relate to the actual building in the planning stages for the team to make important decisions along the construction process. According to the BIM experts BIM allows for just this with 3D visualizations and renderings. The second opportunity which the interviews presented was that BIM enables an integrated, structured and efficient process of information. According to the BIM experts this is done with a BIM requirement specification which purpose is to streamline the flow of information in a project. In addition, BIM allows for an integrated working environment with a single point of information, which means that all project members get their information from the same place. According to both respondent groups this promotes the communication and collaboration within a project team because the project manager ensures that all participants are working with the latest material, and therefor avoids common misunderstandings and disputes.

    According to the results from the interviews, both the project managers and the BIM expert’s perception, were that the two above-mentioned possibilities withing communication and collaboration leads to a third opportunity, which is improvements in quality in the buildings that the project manager delivers to the owner.

    Despite the potential opportunities which the study presented regarding BIM, this master thesis also showed that there exists two big obstacles and challenges with the implementation of BIM. The first challenge was linked to the technical aspect of BIM, mainly the problems surrounding software and shared information between the different software’s. The second challenge was linked to the individual’s personal attitude, mainly the conservative attitude of the construction industry. 

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  • 6.
    Andersson, Elina
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Eriksson, Anette
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Valhallen: Konceptuell utformning av en multianläggning i Torsby med analys av tak- och fasadmaterial ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv2017Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 7.
    Andersson, Elvira
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Engman, Evelina
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Arkitektur för generationer: Koncept för samlokalisering av förskola och vård- och omsorgsboende2020Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 300 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Behovet av fler förskoleplatser och fler bostäder för äldre ökar i takt med pågående urbanisering, kommunala besparingar som leder till nedskärning av olika verksamheter och att vi tenderar nå en högre livsålder. Förskolor och vård- och omsorgsboenden har ett antal gemensamma nämnare för sina målgrupper. Barn och äldre har ett beroende av omsorg och stöd av personal, de ska ha tillgång till en miljö som är lugn och trygg men som också kan erbjuda aktiviteter och social stimulans. Hos båda verksamheterna finns det även behov av exempelvis tillagningskök, personalrum, varumottag och avfallshantering. Förutom detta har båda verksamheterna behov av tomtmark. Detta kan vara en avgörande faktor om var och hur dessa verksamheter kan etableras under pågående befolkningsökning med förtätning i våra städer och vid kommunala nedskärningar till följd av ekonomiska besparingar. Syftet med examensarbetet var därför att undersöka hur dessa två verksamheter kan samlokaliseras och hur en sådan byggnad kan utformas för att tillgodose verksamheternas enskilda och gemensamma behov och samtidigt möjliggöra för aktiv och passiv interaktion mellan barnen, de äldre och personalen. Arbetet påbörjades med en litteraturstudie för att samla information och kunskap inom ämnena social hållbarhet och sambandet med den fysiska miljön i förskolor och vård- och omsorgsboenden. Utifrån litteraturstudien togs en intervjuguide fram som användes under platsbesöken på två förskolor, två vård- och omsorgsboenden samt två samverkanshus. Från platsbesöken har även författarnas egna reflektioner sammanställts. Platsbesöken och litteraturstudien har därefter sammanställts till en syntes med åtta punkter som bedöms vara viktiga att beakta vid planering av en kombinerad verksamhet. Syntesen har därefter använts som underlag till konceptutvecklingen där målgruppernas olika behov konkretiserades genom skisser som ledde till en konceptbyggnad. Denna konceptbyggnad är utformad för att kunna anpassas beroende på vilken tomt den ska appliceras på, hur många boende- respektive förskoleplatser som behövs samt hur den kringliggande miljön ser ut. 

    Slutsatserna från arbetet visade att en kombination av dessa verksamheter bedöms vara passande och att båda verksamheter kan få ett positivt utbyte av att träffa varandra och samarbeta. Inga ekonomiska kalkyler togs fram under arbetet, men de ekonomiska fördelar som framkom under arbetet har varit bland annat samordning av varutransporter, personal, avfallshantering, energi och mer effektiv markanvändning eftersom tomtmarken kan samnyttjas.

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  • 8.
    Andersson, Isak
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering.
    Dynamiska APD-planer: En fallstudie från inspektionsrundor med 360-graders hjälmkamera2023Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The Construction Site Utilization Plan (CSUP) is a central method for planning construction sites and support for site management's decision-making. Today, the support is almost exclusively manual work, even if it is done with digital tools, updating the CSUP tends to be absent. 

    This study aims to investigate the possibilities of automating the transfer of information from a 360-degree helmet camera on a construction site to a digital CSUP model integrated with building information models (BIM). The goal of the study is to investigate how the information from a helmet camera can be connected to digital tools such as CSUP and BIM models and how this information can be used to support site management on the construction site through continuous updating of the CSUP. 

    The study is based on a case study that includes data collection in the form of images and videos from the construction site, interviews with people with experience and knowledge in the construction industry, and observations from field studies. A literature study is presented as well, where theory linked to the aim and question of the thesis is used as a basis for analysis, discussion and conclusions. 

    In order to achieve the aim and objectives of the study, the following research questions are answered: 

    1. How are CSUPs currently updated and used in the construction sector? 
    2. What are the challenges and difficulties associated with automated transmission of information from helmet cameras to CSUPs?
    3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a 360-degree helmet camera as a tool for automated updating of CSUPs and integration with BIM models? 

    Based on the literature study and conducted interviews, CSUPs are currently updated manually by the CSUP manager carrying out inspections at the construction site. This method is time consuming and updates tend to fail due to lack of time. 

    The results of the case study indicate that data collected from the construction site could be automatically transferred to the CSUP but the inspection to collect the data required manual execution. The CSUP was manually updated by comparing collected data from the construction site and then updating the CSUP based on these changes. 

    The developed method creates the conditions for a smoother and more efficient updating process of the CSUP. CSUP managers can carry out updates digitally without physical presence on site. With the method, CSUPs can be updated frequently where the latest information is available on smartphones for everyone involved in the project. The disadvantage of the developed method is that manual updating is required where further research is necessary to automate the updating. The format of collected material meant that an automated update was not possible because the material could not be connected to the CSUP model but only compared. If the format of collected material could be converted into models or placed on top of existing models, automated updating of the CSUP would be feasible. 

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  • 9.
    Andersson, Linus
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering.
    Kranhus: Utvecklings- & strukturellt designprojekt av kranhus för Södra hamn, Luleå2021Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The study explores structural form, solid wood as a building material and various structural solutions for a solid wood development of urban apartment buildings in the shape of crane houses. A building typology which is characterized by its pronounced cantilever. The development and design project takes its starting point in a building concept created by 2 April Ltd. together with a sustainable port urbanization associated Luleå municipality’s development vision (Vision Luleå 2050).

    A qualitative strategy has been used in the selection, execution, and use of methods in an iterative design process. Methods: Literature study, visual methodology and interviews.

    Keywords: Crane house, Solid wood, Structure, Cantilever, Port urbanization, Vision Luleå 2050.

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  • 10.
    Anttila, Matilda
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Viktiga funktioner och designfaktorer i resecentrum: Klimatanpassningar för subarktiskt klimat2021Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 300 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    There is a consensus in Sweden that public transport must be developed if goals for climate and attractive cities are to be achieved. The overall design of the traffic system is of great importance for long-term sustainable development. Travel centers are gaining an increasingly important role in large as well as small cities. Gällivare is undergoing the so-called Urban Transformation as a consequence of LKAB’s mining operations in Malmberget and there is a request from Gällivare municipality to develop Gällivare travel center as a part of making the city more attractive to residents and visitors.

    The purpose of the first part of the study was to investigate which functions and design factors are most important for a travel center to be perceived as useful and attractive by travelers and others passing through the center, and to investigate ow these functions and design factors could be adapted to a subarctic climate. Many solutions for the design of urban environments are mainly adapted to warmer and less varied climates than the subarctic. The second part of the study was to develop a concept for the travel center in Gällivare, where subarctic climatic conditions prevail. The concept is based on the results of the first part of the study and on analyzes performed in Gällivare.

    The study began with an extensive literature study that resulted in two templates for analysis, one for analysis of general functions and design in the travel enter and one for analysis of how climate factors affect the design. Subsequently, reference studies were performed, analyzed with the first template. Gällivare travel center was evaluated with both templates and a site analysis was performed at Gällivare. A synthesis was developed and used together with the site analysis to produce the concept.

    The synthesis showed that important factors could be categorized in the areas of light, spaciousness, structure, prioritization, city node and safety. During the dark part of the year, the lighting is the most prominent in the outdoor environments, especially when snow covers the ground. The lighting can then be used to make the outdoor environments more attractive. An improved spatiality in outdoor environments might create a better microclimate and thus create more attractive outdoor environments even during parts of the year with more demanding climatic conditions. The different parts of the travel center should relate to each other in a clear and logical way and space should be left for snow storage. There should be plenty of space for cyclists and it should be easy to move within the travel center. To ensure availability even during the winter season, ground heating can used on the most important lanes. The climatic conditions that are common in subarctic environments, such as the snow, can be highlighted in a way that makes them contribute to the identity and attractiveness of the place.

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  • 11.
    Appelgren, Kajsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering.
    Analys av faktorer som påverkar arkitektoniska värden ur ett visualiseringsperspektiv2022Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Idag är visualiseringar ett viktigt kommunikationsverktyg inom arkitekturen för att effektivt och korrekt kunna kommunicera arkitektoniska värden. En visualisering kan säkerställa att byggprocessens olika aktörer i högre grad har en mer gemensam förståelse för projektet. Datorgenererade bilder är det visualiseringsmedium som idag är den mest använda inom arkitekturen när en byggnad ska presenteras. Trots att datorgenerade bilder möjliggör korrekt kommunikation av arkitektoniska värden finns det indikationer som visar att de kan kommunicera ut felaktig information. Denna studie undersöker hur visualiseringar bör utformas för att nå en så gemensam, korrekt och positiv perception som möjligt av den tilltänka byggnaden. Studien undersöker även hur visualiseringarna kan bidra till en effektivare gestaltningsprocess och vilka hinder, möjligheter och funktioner som datorgenererade bilder har idag. Studien har använt sig av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där litteratur- och intervjustudie har varit de metoder som använts för datainsamling. Litteraturstudien ämnade till att få en övergripande förståelse för gestaltningsprocessen och för visualiseringar, främst statiska visualiseringar av typen datorgenererade bilder. Den ämnade även till att identifiera vilka arkitektoniska värden som finns, ge en förståelse för vilka hinder och möjligheter som finns med datorgenerade bilder, vilka funktioner visualiseringar har och vilka faktorer som påverkar datorgenererade bilders utformning. Den data som samlats in via litteraturstudien testades sedan på ett praktikfall genom intervjustudien. Intervjustudien bekräftade den tidigare forskningen och ledde även till nya upptäckter. Studien medförde flera resultat. De arkitektoniska värden som litteraturen identifierade bekräftades existera även i praktikfallet. Dessutom tillkom nya aspekter från praktikfallet. Studien fann en indikation till vilka arkitektoniska värden som är möjliga att vara viktigast att visualisera. Dessa värden handlade om byggnadens komposition, material och färg. Det handlade även om hur människor placeras ut i visualiseringar, vilken stämning som visualiseringarna skapar, hur verklighetstrogna visualiseringen är och vilket perspektiv som visualiseringen presenterar. Studien resulterade även i en identifiering av faktorer som påverkar visualiseringars utseende, utöver aktiva val. De faktorer som studien kom fram till var bland annat projektets ekonomiska- och tidsmässiga budget, visualiserarens erfarenhet och kunskap, brist på data, brister i kommunikationen och skillnad i visuell perception. För att nå ett vidareutvecklat arbetssätt för visualiseringsskapandet identifierade studien förbättringsmöjligheter för dessa faktorer. Täta avstämningar mellan projektets aktörer leder till en mer gemensam förståelse och ett effektivare arbetssätt. Referensbilder kan vara fördelaktigt som informationsbärare för att kommunicera ut subjektiva data. Arkitekter bör begränsa antalet informationsbärare för inte hämma visualiserarens förståelse för projektet. Visualiserare bör tidigt vara delaktig i gestaltningsskedet för att få en större och mer gemensam kunskap om projektet. 

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  • 12.
    Arnehed, Sebastian
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Johansson, Charlotta
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Cykling och gående vid större vägar: Resultat av enkät2012Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport är en del i projektet ”Cykling och gående vid större vägar” och avser den enkät som genomförts för att studera resvanor, trygghet, säkerhet samt framkomlighet längs större vägar med fokus på gående och cyklister hos boende längs eller vid de aktuella platserna. Syftet med enkätundersökningen är att belysa hur fotgängare och cyklister upplever framkomligheten, säkerheten samt tryggheten längs de utvalda platserna i undersökningen. Syftet är även att om möjligt dra generella slutsatser om effekten av olika fysiska åtgärder som genomförts för att underlätta för gående och cyklister. Sammanlagt har tio vägsträckor och platser valts ut för enkätundersökningen. Platserna är lokaliserade från Luleå i norr till Ystad i söder. Urvalet har skett med åtanken att ge en representativ översikt över olika lösningar för att antingen färdas längs med eller korsa en större väg, till fots eller med cykel, med målet att ha en spridning över landet med olika klimat.Urvalet av respondenter har skett genom en geografisk avgränsning kopplad till de aktuella sträckorna och platserna. Till varje hushåll skickades två enkäter som två vuxna eller ungdomar i åldrarna 15 - 17 år ombads att fylla i. Enkäten skickades till 2535 hushåll och totalt svarade 1145 personer på enkäten ( svarsfrekvens 22,6 % per antaget antal respondenter, och 44,2 % per hushåll).Respondenterna utrycker generellt en oro för sin säkerhet och trygghet. De som är mest nöjda är de som bor vid och färdas längs en väg där separeringen sker med räcke, vilket var förväntat. De som är mest oroliga är de som bor vid en väg där separeringen sker genom målad kantlinje, vilket inte var förväntat. De är något mer oroliga än de som bor vid väg utan åtgärder för GC-trafik annat än bred vägren. I fortsatta arbete bör det därför undersökas hur fordonsflödet och hastigheterna påverkar respondenternas trygghet, dvs om det egentligen är de aspekterna man är orolig för och att åtgärderna inte har räckt till för att kompensera för hastigheterna. Det bör även undersökas om målningen inte efterlevs av fordonsförarna, samt hastighetsefterlevnad, vilket respondenternas svar indikerar.Vad gäller tillfällena när man korsar vägen är respondenterna som bor vid väg utan åtgärd förvånande nog mer trygg när de korsar vägen, än de som korsar vägen genom öppning i refug eller mitträcke. Även i detta fall bör fortsatta arbete därför undersöka hur fordonsflödet och hastigheterna påverkar respondenternas trygghet, dvs om det egentligen är de aspekterna man är orolig för och att åtgärderna inte har räckt till för att kompensera för hastigheterna. Det bör även undersökas hur fordonsförarna efterlever hastigheterna på platsen samt hur interaktionen mellan fordonsförare och oskyddade trafikanter går till på platserna.Det finns således anledning att fortsätta studera effekterna av de olika åtgärderna som har använts i vägmiljöer för att öka de oskyddade trafikanternas trygghet och rörlighet eftersom respondenterna tydligt uttrycker oro för trafikolycka, trots att olika åtgärder har använts för att öka tryggheten.

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  • 13.
    Arnehed, Sebastian
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Johansson, Charlotta
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Öberg, Maria
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Underlag till trafikstrategi för Kiruna kommun: för hållbart resande, stadsomvandling och kallt klimat2013Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Aktuellt dokument är ett första steg i att formulera och ta fram en uppdragsbeskrivning gällande en trafikstrategi för Kiruna kommun. Dokumentet beskriver de huvudsakliga delarna för såväl processen med att utarbeta en trafikstrategi som det faktiska innehållet. Kiruna kommun har hittills inte varit delaktiga i denna del av processen, men är formellt ansvariga i ett fortsatt arbete.

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  • 14.
    Arnesson, Alice
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering.
    Gustafsson, Caroline
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering.
    EU-taxonomins påverkan på en byggentreprenör och en utvärdering av taxonomiuppfyllnad i 13 miljöcertifierade projekt2023Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    To accomplish the goals of The Paris Agreement and The European Green Deal, the European Commission launched The Taxonomy Regulation, which can briefly be described as a classification system for environmentally sustainable economic activities. Since the construction and real estate industry annually contributes to a large proportion of global carbon dioxide emissions, one chapter in The Taxonomy Regulation’s delegated act Climate Delegated Act was assigned to industry. The Climate Delegated Act provides so-called technical screening criteria for six environmental objectives. As of the fiscal year 2022, all companies affected by the directive on "non-financial sustainability reporting" must report the percentage of the company’s EU taxonomy-aligned financial activities. There was limited previous research regarding the EU taxonomy, but the found literature indicated a vast uncertainty about how the taxonomy should be implemented and how the criteria should be interpreted.

    The purpose of this study, a Master’s Thesis paper, was to contribute to increased knowledge of establishing the EU taxonomy and how it will affect a Swedish construction company’s operations. Challenges a construction company may face because of the EU taxonomy were studied and identified at the project and organizational levels. This study also intended to investigate how the EU taxonomy relates to a construction company’s current work with environmental sustainability in new construction projects where sustainability assessment methods, such as BREEAM-SE or Miljöbyggnad, today play an essential role. The study is based on a literature study, an interview study and a project evaluation. A literature study, an interview study and a project evaluation were carried out to answer the research questions.

    The literature study resulted in an introduction to the EU taxonomy and its structure as well as presents interpretations, opinions and criticism from previous research. The literature study also investigated how BREEAM-SE v6.0 and Miljöbyggnad 4.0 have implemented the EU taxonomy. Challenges and the EU taxonomy’s impact on a construction company’s work with environmental sustainability were investigated based on a project evaluation of 13 NCC Sweden Building new construction projects which were certified with either BREEAM-SE 2017 or Miljöbyggnad 3. Lastly, two NCC employees were interviewed to add more knowledge about the organizational perspective of the EU taxonomy implementation.

    The EU taxonomy aims to clarify the definition of environmental sustainability and increase the ability to compare companies’ and countries’ work with sustainability, but this study concludes that construction companies who want to align with the EU taxonomy will face several challenges. Firstly, the EU taxonomy’s technical screening criteria include much room for interpretation, creating challenges at the project and organizational levels. There is confusion about the scope and regarding by whom and at what stage several of the criteria should be dealt with. A significant challenge for a construction company will be dealing with criteria that are considered beyond a construction company’s or the project team’s control. Several stakeholders are involved in a new construction project, and the construction company is often not a part of the early stages. Decisions affecting the construction company’s taxonomy alignment may be taken without their involvement. Therefore, cooperation and collaboration are critical factors for a construction company that intends to fulfill the EU taxonomy in a project. The dependence on each other implies a vast challenge, but at the same time, it will probably lead to broader and more open collaboration which will reduce the environmental impact in the long term. Collaboration will also be necessary within the construction company as the EU taxonomy affects several departments. Furthermore, the study indicated that the EU taxonomy will imply a large administrative burden and several criteria are costly.

    The most challenging technical screening criteria for a construction company in a new construction project in Sweden are the criteria that concern the climate risk and vulnerability assessment and implementation of adaption solutions; a building’s adaptation, flexibility, resource efficiency and dismantlability; as well as the criteria about building components and materials containing formaldehyde, carcinogenic volatile organic compounds and more.

    The project evaluation clearly showed that projects certified with BREEAM-SE aligned to a greater degree with the EU taxonomy. Therefore, employees and companies used to working with BREEAM will have prerequisites for taxonomy alignment compared to those used to working with Miljöbyggnad or no sustainability assessment method at all.

    Both BREEAM-SE and Miljöbyggnad evaluate a building’s environmental sustainability performance based on more aspects and have higher requirements than the EU taxonomy. It is still unclear whether the EU taxonomy will complement or replace the sustainability assessment methods as the incitement for green beneficial financing. If the EU taxonomy becomes the new and only incitement, there is most likely a risk of less ambitious work with environmental sustainability at the project level. Furthermore, BREEAM-SE and Miljöbyggnad have rating levels that motivate the project always to make an effort. The study showed that the EU taxonomy is not a successful tool yet, but there is a strong belief in its potential. The extent to which the EU taxonomy will affect a construction company’s work with sustainability depends on how banks and investors will value EU taxonomy alignment.

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  • 15.
    Avango, Dag
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Social Sciences.
    Pashkevich, Albina
    Centre for Tourism and Leisure Studies, Dalarna University, Borlänge, Sweden.
    Rodon, Thierry
    Department of Political Science, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
    The making and re-making of high modernist towns in the Circumpolar North2022In: The Extractive Industries and Society, ISSN 2214-790X, E-ISSN 2214-7918, Vol. 12, article id 101191Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this article we explore the fate of high modernist architecture and settlement planning in the North, through the lens of mining towns in Sweden and Quebec. After WW2, cities across the world were subject to a wave of restructuring in accordance with high modernist ideals. The circumpolar north became the subject of some of the most radical examples, often described as utopian. In the Swedish Arctic, a renowned architect Ralph Erskine played a leading role. He combined functionalist principles, with ideas of creating settlements protecting inhabitants from harsh Arctic conditions, in harmony with the environment. Erskine...s ideas were implemented to a different extent in Kiruna and Svappavaara in north Sweden in the 1960's and in Fermont, Quebec, in the early 1970's. Our aim is to understand the challenges of creating industrial settlements in the Arctic, with the capacity to attract employees that are needed for resource extraction and other industries. While Erskine's architecture in Svappavaara and Kiruna will be demolished, the wall shaped town in Fermont is still intact and expanding. By comparing and highlighting differences, we call attention to the threat of demolition of legacies of an era that has yet to be defined as cultural heritage.

  • 16.
    Barentsen, Vera
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering.
    Spårbarhet och effektivitet vid införandet av en digital projektportal2023Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Handling of questions and answers is a central part in administrative work between design andconstruction within turn-key contracts. For the handling to work well, it is important that ittakes place with good traceability and good efficiency. Today, construction contractors usedifferent digital solutions, such as project portals, to better achieve the desired effects whenhandling questions and answers. However, there is little documented knowledge aboutexperiences of implementing and using such solutions in construction projects.

    The study has been conducted at a construction contractor who recently implemented a digitalproject portal (Interaxo) to improve communication between design and production. Thethesis examined in which ways the use of a digital project portal can contribute to increasedtraceability and increased efficiency in design and production, as well as to what degree they indesign and production achieve increased traceability and increased efficiency when introducinga digital project portal. The study deals with driving forces associated with introducing a digitalproject portal and challenges with achieving the desired effects.

    A literature study was conducted to identify and discuss: (i) driving forces to implementchanges that can contribute to increased traceability and increased efficiency, such asimplementing a digital project portal, and (ii) challenges in achieving the desired effectsthrough the changes. In parallel with the literature study, interviews were conducted with sitemanagers and design managers in three projects (A, B and C) where the project portal was tobe used for handling questions and answers in design and production. Interviews weresupplemented with observations of questions and answers in the digital project portal in thestudied projects. Interviews and observations aimed to capture use of the project portal as wellas experiences around how the implementation of the project portal affected traceability andefficiency in the handling of questions and answers. The results were compared and discussedwith the support of the literature.

    The respondents in projects A, B and C agreed that a structure is required in the work toincrease traceability and efficiency. However, there was a difference between how sitemanagers and project managers in the three projects used Interaxo, how they saw that thedigital project portal contributes to and supports the structure, and how the respondents fromthe various projects judged that the portal led to increased traceability and increased efficiencyin the handling of questions and response. There was also a big difference between how therespondents in the three projects described the driving forces and challenges to introducing theplatform. In project A, where they completely switched to Interaxo during both design andproduction, despite difficulties during the implementation, the site manager and projectmanager have experienced increased traceability and increased efficiency in the handling ofquestions and answers. The same applies to the design phase in project C. On the other hand,the site manager and design manager in project B did not experience increased traceability andincreased efficiency. In the event of challenges with Interaxo, they had reverted to handlingmuch of the questions and answers in the same way as before: via telephone, e-mail, andmeeting minutes, which caused difficulties linked to, for example, archiving. The experiencesfrom project B were like those from the production phase in Project C, where the sitemanager stated that they did not continue to use the portal in the same dedicated way whenthe project reached the production phase and then also did not achieve the expected effects.

    How one sees traceability and efficiency as effects of digital project portals seems to beassociated with the degree to which one chose to introduce the project portal and how oneapproached the challenges that arose during the implementation. The results are not surprising,but at the same time show the importance of considering how to introduce and make achange. A project portal only creates the conditions to achieve the desired effects, but it is upto those who implement it to actively work with the implementation of the platform toachieve the effects.

    Based on the studies result, suggestions for further studies were also discussed in the thesis.

  • 17.
    Basiri, Ali
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Interaktiv Visualisering: En studie på värdet av ett interaktivt visualiseringsmedium i gestaltningsfasen2020Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 300 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The development of interactive visualization tools has been a product of the technological advances of recent years. Communication in motion is an approach that this study has in its investigation of the gap between the architect and the client in the design phase.

     

    The purpose of the study is to analyze the application of an interactive visualization medium in the design process from an architectural visualization perspective. This thesis will examine the value of interactive visualization and identify obstacles to its use, which illustrates possible reasons too why the technology is not used in this area. Based on the purpose of the study, this thesis has exploratively answered the research questions with the help of a literature study and semi-structured interviews. This master’s thesis has been written in collaboration with Liljewall Architects in Gothenburg and covers building design.

     

    The literature study shows that the combination of movement with 3D visualization can support the users cognitive understanding of the design proposal. This is beneficial when the architect communicates the design to the customer who has difficulty perceiving the third dimension from 2D-drawings. It turned out that interactivity is very valuable when it comes to improving the viewer's perception of the design.

     

    With regard to the theoretical background and empirical evidence, it could be stated that the visualization of the soft values could provide a more accurate cost calculation, which is of value to the customer's perspective. This can later be used as a basis for preventing financial strain in the form of corrective work. The interview shows that the client's lack of knowledge of the tool's capacity and the architect's difficulty in communicating the tool's potential create obstacles to the application of an interactive visualization tool. Furthermore, it can be stated that an accommodating culture prevails among some architects where they want to please the client's cost-effective agenda at the price of their design.

     

    The study's contribution shows that interactivity as a phenomenon in architectural visualization has great potential for bridging the gap between the architect and the client in the design phase. A practical application could create the opportunity to support the communication challenge between the architect and the client while contributing to an increased understanding of both the design proposal and between the parties involved - a beneficial value in the design process.

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  • 18.
    Berggård, Glenn
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Aktivitet: Fotgängare vintertid - effekter av halkskydd2010Conference paper (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Vintertid reducerar fotgängare sina förflyttningar vid halt väglag. Fallolyckor är vanligt förekommande på snö och is. I laboratoriestudier har 33 olika halkskydd för fotgängare testats och kvaliteter hos olika typer av skydd studerats. Testmetodik har utvecklats och bra och dåliga kvaliteter hos halkskydd har kunnat identifieras på olika typer av hala ytor som: grus på is, sand på is, ren is, snö på is samt salt på is. I en fältstudiestudie vårvintern 2008 har effekterna av användning av tre principiellt olika typer av bra halkskydd undersökts: hälskydd, helfotsskydd respektive fotbladsskydd. Tre olika grupper av försökspersoner i yrkesverksam ålder med likartade köns- och åldersfördelning deltog frivilligt. En grupp försågs med halkskydd. Försökspersonerna registrerade sin exponering mm i förflyttningsdagböcker. Vid upplevd halkincident/fall registrerades förhållandena vid incident/falltillfället på separat blankett. Effekten på exponering som fotgängare och förekomsten av halkincidenter/fall har analyserats. Gruppen som använde halkskydd hade högre exponering och mindre förekomst av halkincidenter/fall jämfört med gruppen som inte använde halkskydd. Halkskydd kan därigenom antas förbättra möjligheten att vistas ute vintertid på is och snö samt minska risken att halka och falla.

  • 19.
    Berglund, Lotta
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Health and Rehab.
    Tossavainen, Mia
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Health and Rehab.
    Nilsson, Kristina L.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Kostenius, Catrine
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Health and Rehab.
    Health on thin ice: methods of giving voice to Swedish citizens in urban planning and design to promote health in a cold climate2013Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In the northern, sub-arctic, regions of the world the climate is cold a substantial part of the year which affecting people's health as low temperatures and darkness stress the body. At the same time the cold climate offers opportunities that can be utilized in an innovative manner, both technically and aesthetically, to develop the winter environment to be attractive and health promoting in outdoor activities.The aim of the study was to develop a methodology for giving voice to citizens to be used in the process of urban planning and design for good health in a cold climate. The qualitative investigations of citizen’s experiences of health promoting aspects included two workshops focused on the following questions; What are your experiences of health and well-being in a cold climate? How can this city be planned to promote health during the winter season? The 53 participants came from two cities in the northern part of Sweden. At Workshop 1 small groups of citizens (5-8) were asked to make a collective collage cutting and pasting images from magazines without talking to each other while soft music was playing in the background.When finished the silence was broken and the participants presented their contributions. At Workshop 2 small groups of citizens (5-8) were given maps of the city with different paths for walking tours aimed to pinpoint areas for improvement. After the walk the group presented their ideas for each other and a number of innovative ideas surfaced.Including citizens in the process of urban planning is not only a good source of ideas and information useful in the planning process but may be an opportunity to strengthen health literacy and healthy behavior. This study may serve as an example of an empowerment - based method including citizens in the process of urban planning and design.

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  • 20.
    Bergström, Alexander
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Hotell+bostad: Vad styr ett kvarters funktion och form?2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 21.
    Blylod, Sara-Olivia
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering.
    Cirkulära bostäder enligt Cradle to Cradles designprinciper: Ett gestaltningsförslag på Skurholmen i Luleå2022Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 22.
    Brandow, Andreas
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering.
    Urban flood risk mitigation: A perspective form urban planning2023Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Due to the global warming and climate change, an increased frequency of high intensity rains and other disasters are expected all around the world. To predict this change in climate the IPCC has created a set of climate scenarios, RCPs, that will try to predict the future climate based on how much we are able to adapt and mitigate the effects we as a species have on the environment.

    This master thesis will seek to explore the possibility to use urban planning tools to help mitigate the increased effects and sizes of floods due to the global warming. To achieve this, a case study of Luleå is done, where urban indicators are used to improve the resilience of the city. This is combined with a policy study to see how Luleå compare to other cities in their policies that affect flood protection and mitigation.

    To have a strong flood protection system in a city several factors need to be considered. One of the biggest factors is what type of strategy is chosen. One possible strategy is resilience, this combines seeming paradoxes into a working flood protection and mitigation plan. Resilience improves the flood protection and mitigation by combining and improving the robustness, adaptability, and transformability of the city. This is done by, among other things promoting inter disciplinary cooperation, public cooperation and knowledge of flooding, and promoting the use of water in the city as an asset. Blue and green infrastructure could also be implemented into the city as these measures help improve the resilience of a city in many regards. Not just for flood protection, but it can also help mitigate the effects of droughts or heatwaves and improve the general wellbeing of the citizens.

    In the policy study it was found that different cities varied in both scale and strategy in their flood protection measures. All the cities that were looked at would also need to increase the scale of their protection and mitigation measures to mitigate the increased size and frequencies that the climate change brings. In Sweden, especially in the northern parts, the increased risk is not as high as in other parts of Europe. This is due to the land rise in Sweden mitigating the sea level rise. In Luleå the sea level and land rise are expected to fully mitigate each other until the year 2100. The policy study also showed that a history of flood related disasters did not necessary guarantee a strong flood protection scheme, but it would increase the probability of one. In the case of Luleå, the city has mostly focused on flood proofing buildings and infrastructure in the high-risk areas or those who are seen as critical to the society.

    Based on the analysis of the policies and indicators that were developed for Luleå, the city seems to have good protection from the current risks, such as a 100-year flood, flow, or rain. But the systems in place will most likely need to be expanded and developed further to mitigate the rising risk due to global warming. Some measures that can be implemented are related to the adaptability and transformability, like brochures that teaches the public about flood-protection and what to do and how to act in case of a large flood in the city. 

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  • 23.
    Börestam, Harald
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Norell, Mathilda
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Samordning mellan arkitekt och vvs-projektör i programskede: En undersökning, ett förslag till arbetsmetod och ett gestaltningsexperiment.2019Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Sweden has high statutory standards for inside climate and thermic comfort in buildings. Because of technical advances these requirements can be met, but at a cost. Increasingly effective HVAC and plumbing systems are linked to a larger volume claim for units, pipes and ducts. As the systems grow the design aspect moves in a contrary direction. A direction where the role of the architect has changed to become a consulting part (Östnäs 1984). These diverging developments has triggered a knowledge gap between technical engineers and architects. 54% of respondents on this study claim that this gap causes problems, and 35% claim that it often contributes negatively to the end result in the form of having to resort to last minute solutions.

    This master thesis aims to investigate if the coordination between architects and HVAC & plumbing engineers can be improved by bridging the knowledge gap. The study is limited to only encompass the coordination between these two groups and leaves out remaining disciplines and parties. The focus of this study is directed to the early stages in the building design process.

    The hypothesis suggests that there exists a need for further coordination regarding installations design. This has been tested through a quantitative survey consisting of a web form with a total of 99 respondents. This data was then statistically analyzed in the form of hypothesis testing, which concluded there exists a general need for improved coordination. Furthermore, hypothesis test I showed that there is also need for a change regarding which disciplines should be involved in early stages of projects.

    The most common coordination problems were identified by a quantitative study consisting of interviews with eleven projectors and two branch experts. The two most coveted aspects were the volumetric size of room containing ventilation machinery and the placing of vertical shafts. Where vertical spaces caused greatest consequences. The reason for these problems, according to many, being an acute lack of interdisciplinary knowledge or experience from the architect. On the other hand, architects claim this is due to changes being made in latter stages of projects by other disciplines or the client. The majority claim that a solution is to bring in the HVAC & plumbing engineer in an earlier stage.

    Following this a workshop including five professionals was carried out to draft up a solution. It established that if the HVAC & plumbing engineer is brought in at an earlier stage it allows for the right conditions to be set. Suggestions regarding creative start up meetings were introduced. Participants agreed that the best way to mediate knowledge about installations is to educate through both interdisciplinary projects at universities, and also through courses or site visits for architects.

    To meet the identified needs a solution was constructed from collected data. This solution took the form of a checklist to help guide how meetings between the architect and HVAC & plumbing engineer should be carried out in early stages. The checklist clarifies responsibility and expectations for both parts.

    This solution was then tested through a simulated design project. The project consists of an apartment building property for Notstället 5 & 6 in Eskilstuna municipality. A solution for the installations is presented.

    The checklists ability to meet the identified needs were concluded to suffice but an additional tool for bridging the knowledge gap further would be beneficial. The use of this solution did not cause any significant negative consequences on the architectural qualities, but created value by discovering new innovative solutions, in addition to preventing unplanned surprises from arising.

    As a research topic this project has sparked interest in the branch. Insights from this study concludes that interdisciplinary communication and knowledge transfer between disciplines in general is an interesting topic to study.

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  • 24.
    Carmona, Matthew
    et al.
    The Bartlett School of Planning, University College London.
    Punter, John V.
    Department of City and Regional Planning, Cardiff University.
    Chapman, David
    The Bartlett School of Planning, University College London.
    From Design Policy to Design Quality: The treatment of design in community strategies, local development frameworks and action plans2002Book (Other academic)
  • 25. Carmona, Matthew
    et al.
    Tiesdell, Steve
    Heath, Tim
    Oc, Taner
    Public Places – Urban Spaces: The Dimensions of Urban Design2010Book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Public Places Urban Spaces 2e is a thorough introduction to the principles of urban design theory and practice. Authored by experts in the fields of urban design and planning, it is designed specifically for the 2500 postgraduate students on Urban Design courses in the UK, and 1500 students on undergraduate courses in the same subject. The second edition of this tried and trusted textbook has been updated with relevant case studies to show students how principles have been put into practice. The book is now in full colour and a larger format, so students and lecturers get a much stronger visual package and easy to use layout, enabling them to more easily practically apply principles of urban design to their projects. Sustainability is the driving factor in urban regeneration and new urban development, and the new edition is focused on best sustainable design and practice

  • 26.
    Catalini, Anna
    et al.
    College of Arts, University of Lincoln.
    Nour, ZeinabFaculty of Fine Arts, Helwan University.Versaci, AntonellaFaculty of Engineering and Architecture, University “Kore” of Enna.Hawkes, DeanCambridge, UK.Bougdah, HocineCanterbury School of Architecture, University for the Creative Arts.Sotoca, AdolfLuleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.Ghoneem, MahmoudArchitecture Department, Faculty of Fine Arts, Helwan University.Trapani, FerdinandoUrban Planning, Architecture, Palermo University.
    Cities' Identity Through Architecture and Arts: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Cities' Identity through Architecture and Arts (CITAA 2017), Cariro, Egypt,  May 11-13, 20172018Conference proceedings (editor) (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Every city has its unique and valuable identity, this identity is revealed through its physical and visual form, it is seen through the eyes of its residents and users. The city develops over time, and its identity evolves with it. Reflecting the rapid and constant changes the city is subjected to, Architecture and Arts, is the embodiment of the cultural, historical, and economical characteristics of the city. This conference is dedicated for the investigation of the different new approaches developed in Architecture and Contemporary arts. It will focus on the basis of urban life and identities.

    It will discuss the examples and tendencies in dealing with urban identities as well as the transformation of cities and urban cultures mentioned in terms of their form, identity, and their current art. Contemporary art, when subjected to experiments, continues to be produced in various directions, to be consumed and to put forward new ideas. Art continuously renews itself -from new materials to different means of communication, from interactive works to computer games, from new approaches to perceptional paradigms and problems of city and nature of the millennium.

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  • 27.
    Cettner, Annicka
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Ashley, Richard
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Viklander, Maria
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Nilsson, Kristina L.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Stormwater management and urban planning: lessons from 40 years of innovation2013In: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, ISSN 0964-0568, E-ISSN 1360-0559, Vol. 56, no 6, p. 786-801Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Urban planning is widely advocated as an important way to encourage the more sustainable management of urban stormwater using alternatives to piped systems. This paper explores the way in which Swedish water professionals have opportunities to influence stormwater planning and the barriers that limit their participation in this process. Empirical evidence has been obtained from in-depth semi-structured interviews with urban water professionals from nine Swedish municipalities. The paper shows that there is a perception of the legal requirements related to the provision of drainage services that inhibits the utilisation of non-piped solutions. There are also reservations about a dichotomy that inhibits actions - is stormwater an issue for the planning department or for the water department? It is concluded that water professionals have unique opportunities to integrate stormwater management approaches within wider urban planning practice and hence are able to encourage the use of alternative systems that are more sustainable than using traditional pipes or sewers.

  • 28.
    Chabuk, Nooralhuda
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Utilization of Rubber and Plastic Waste as  A Partial Replacement of Aggregate for  Improved Sound Insulation2022Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Globally, billions of tons of rubber and plastic waste are produced annually, and because these wastes degrade so slowly (about 450 years for plastic bottles and 80 years for tire rubbers), they are extremely difficult to dispose of. As a result, utilizing these wastes directly in building materials can significantly reduce the environmental load while also increasing the sustainability of the building material. This study compares the roles and effects of using recycled plastic and rubber as aggregates on the properties as well as the performance of concrete. This research focuses on sound insulation properties in particular. Each artificial polymer material of rubber and plastic has a special structure but consists of the same essential components. Plastic and rubber wastes, replacing fine/coarse aggregates are determined by their sort, size, replacement content, and shape. Plastic-based aggregates generally reduce the concrete's workability, but the impact of rubber-based aggregates is mostly influenced by their size and replacement amount.

    The main objective of this study is to review the evaluation of the sound insulating properties of concrete containing particles of plastic and rubber wastes based on their size, replacement amount, shape, and other factors. For the recycled PET, the results showed that the best percentage of recycled PET fibers mixed with ordinary concrete was in the range of 0.5 – 1.5% compared with other percentages. Low values in the range of 0.5 - 2%, especially 0.5%, of recycled PET mixed with concrete demonstrated the best value in terms of compressive strength compared with ordinary concrete. For the recycled rubber aggregate, the improved sound loss transmission for coarse crumb rubber was higher than the sound loss when using the same percentage of fine crumb. This could belong to that the coarse aggregate caused the voids to appear and increased the porosity in the system compared with the fine aggregate. When these aggregates were included the sound absorption can be improved drastically. The compressive strength of the samples containing fine crumbs of rubber was decreased compared to the control concrete sample without added rubber.  

    Many previous studies found a clear drop in compressive strength when using a fine rubber aggregate compared with coarse rubber aggregate. Generally, when adding a higher percentage of rubber, the sound absorption coefficient increased, while the compressive strength decreased. 

    Many researchers found that the thermal insulation increased when adding higher percentages of plastic and rubber waste to concrete. The degree of thermal insulation improvement for mixing concrete with plastic and rubber is also determined by the shape of the pieces. The density of concrete decreased as the percentage of plastic and rubber particles in the mixture increased.  

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  • 29.
    Chamoun, Safar
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering.
    Visualisering av 4D-arbetsplatsdispositionsplaner på byggarbetsplatser: Påverkan på säkerhetsplanering och jämförelse med traditionell- 2D-APD-plan2023Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The construction industry leads the statistics when it comes to reports of accidents and serious incidents compared to other industries. Falls from heights, improper working positions as well as heavy lifting and carrying, are some of the most common safety risks. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of using a 4D-site layout plan at construction sites and analyze its impact on safety planning. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the developed 4D-site layout plan are compered the conventional 2D-site layout plan. The aim of this thesis is to develop a method that enhances the visualization of the site layout plan and thus increases safety on the construction site. The methods used in this study include semi-structured interviews, field observation to closely study the current project, and ultimately constructing a 4D model of the site layout plan. The interview results indicate that current site layout plans have limited visualization as they depict the construction site in 2D and from a single angle. Respondents emphasize that current site layout plans are used as a basis for discussion for logistics planning but not for safety planning. This suggests that with 2D-site layout plans, it’s challenging to foresee and evaluate potential safety risks that may occur on the construction site. Respondents agreed that the 4D-site layout plan enhances the understanding of the construction site and improves communication among stakeholders, as it clearly illustrates ongoing progress. However, respondents had varying opinions on the usability and implementation of the 4D-site layout plan at the construction site, as it’s difficult to predict the effects this method has on safety planning. According to the literature review, there are numerous advantages to 4Dvisualization, such as the ability to plan and evaluate work processes and more straightforward way to convey results to relevant parties. Through this method, risky situations can be identified and addressed throughout the entire construction process, contributing to a safer construction site. In this thesis, Unity software has been utilized to visualize the site layout plan in 4D, and this method can enhance safety efforts at the construction site. In conclusion, 4D-visualization requires advanced technology and developed expertise within this field. Further investigations and observations are necessary to evaluate this method at construction sites and explore its potential in safety efforts. The work concludes with suggestions for further studies that haven’t been covered in this thesis. One of the presented suggestions is to upgrade the method to 5D by integrating the cost aspect. 

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  • 30.
    Chapman, David
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Arctic Urbanization and Climate Change2020In: Winter Cities Conference; Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 1-23 february 2020, Siberia, Russia. / [ed] Sergey Mayarenkov, Professor of Practice, 2020Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 31.
    Chapman, David
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    By Design, from design guidance to built form2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper explores the planning policy era of By Design: Urban design in the planning system: towards better practice through the lens of Planning Policy Guidance 1 (PPG1): General Policy and Principles and Planning Policy Guidance 3: Housing. The paper explores the objectives of urban design, as set out in By Design against PPG1’s objective to promote higher standards of urban design and PPG3’s objective to revise housing densities. Research takes a systematic approach to reviewing the evidence base available for the production of By Design and analyses density targets and urban design objectives against generic housing types of the day and four housing led development schemes delivered during the policy period. The paper argues that on density grounds, only two of the researched generic housing types delivered the density targets prescribed by PPG3, requiring the development industry to bring forward new models of development. The case study analysis establishes that the industry was able to adapt to the objectives of By Design with selected developments delivering the urban design objectives set out in By Design and density standards of PPG3. The paper concludes by arguing that whilst ‘By Design’ was extinguished as policy in 2012, its design objectives are still valid and may be relevant to new emerging dimensions related well-being as part of; Ease of movement and seasonal climate change as part of; Quality of the public realm.  

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  • 32.
    Chapman, David
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Cities in time, temporary urbanism and the future of the city2019In: Journal of Urban Design, ISSN 1357-4809, E-ISSN 1469-9664, Vol. 24, no 1, p. 158-163Article, book review (Refereed)
  • 33.
    Chapman, David
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Climate as Urban Morphology: The case for winter cities2020Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 34.
    Chapman, David
    Glasgow School of Art.
    ‘Compacte-stadsbeleid’ is dead: long live the Dutch compact city2002In: MacJournal, ISSN 1355-3046, no 5, p. 48-57Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 35.
    Chapman, David
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Neoliberal Urbanism and its Contestations, Crossing Theoretical BoundariesJenny Ku¨ nkel and Margit MayerPalgrave Macmillan, 248 pp. ISBN 978-0-2302-7183-82014In: Journal of Urban Design, ISSN 1357-4809, E-ISSN 1469-9664, Vol. 19, no 4, p. 567-568Article, book review (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Chapman, David
    Bartlett School of Planning University College London .
    Patterning the Dutch Compact City2001Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A major challenge to town planners in Britain is to help fulfil current and future housing need in a sustainable manner and avoid excessive development land take.

    This thesis therefore establishes what future development models are currently under debate and undertakes extensive research into Governments preferred option the 'Compact City'. Research focuses on empirical data for sustainable development and arguments for/against a policy of urban intensification.

    On conclusion that research alone fails to provide a sufficient basis for promoting a policy of 'Compact Cities', research emphasis was placed on the Dutch planning system, which has promoted such a policy for over a quarter of a century. Dutch experience was used to answer many unresolved arguments surrounding the 'Compact City' and an investigation was undertaken into how the Dutch have made this policy successful.

    In light of the fact that Dutch experience has shown that high quality urban housing is fundamental to attracting residents back to cities, an investigation of current UK generic housing models was undertaken and these were tested against sustainable density research and UK/Dutch design advice. On comparison it was established that many failed both tests and it was established that additional housing types could be required under a policy of 'Compact Cities'. An alternative development brief for additional housing models was therefore developed and this brief was investigated through the design of three alternative housing types.

    In final conclusion it was proposed that the Dutch treatment of density could provide a model for future planning in England and their design principles could aid the creation of alternative urban housing types.

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  • 37.
    Chapman, David
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    The Modern City Revisited Thomas Deckker (ed.)2003In: Urban Design Quarterly, ISSN 0266-6480, no 85, p. 42-43Article, book review (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 38.
    Chapman, David
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    The potential of ephemeral interventions1997In: Mac Journal, ISSN 1355-3046, p. 35-39Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 39.
    Chapman, David
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    The street, a quintessential social public space2018In: Journal of Urban Design, ISSN 1357-4809, E-ISSN 1469-9664, Vol. 23, no 1, p. 163-164Article, book review (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Chapman, David
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Urban design of winter cities: Winter season connectivity for soft mobility2018Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    All across the world the form of the built environment is playing a crucial role as enabler or inhibitor for urban outdoor activity such as soft mobility. Urban form can make it more attractive for people to be mobile outdoors and playing a role in the public life, or it can put people off venturing outside. For winter cities, a question for urban design is how we can design environments that are attractive for outdoor activity in the winter season as well as summer and additionally how will climate change influence these aspects.

    The reason for studying this is the importance of understanding how, in relation to urban form, weather, seasonal variations, and climate change influences human outdoor activity. In this study the focus on outdoor activity is problematised around the concern that people spend a low percentage of their time outdoors in winter conditions. For society, the problem is that this trend and the related low levels of physical activity are associated with a range of health issues.

    To study this the main question for this research is what attracts and hinders soft mobility during the winter season and how can this knowledge underpin new considerations about urban design for connectivity in winter cities? To address this, the research methods focused on document studies, surveys, mental mapping, photo elicitation and semi-structured discussions.

    The study works at three scientific levels. Firstly, it seeks to understand the interrelationship between the built environment and people’s outdoor activity in winter. Secondly, it attempts to understand how connectivity for soft mobility in winter is being affected by weather and climate change. Thirdly, it seeks new ways of thinking about how the urban form can be designed to increase outdoor soft mobility in winter.

    The discussion and conclusions focused on the argument that in winter settlements, the winter season can alter spatial patterns and settlement organisation. Here it was argued that in these settlements the winter season can be an aspect of urban morphology and can be part of the process of shaping the public realm and its connectivity for soft mobility in winter.

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  • 41.
    Chapman, David
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Urban Designer: Myth or Reality?2015In: Plan: tidskrift för planering av landsbygd och tätorte, ISSN 0032-0560, Vol. 69, no 4, p. 42-47Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 42.
    Chapman, David
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    York New City Beautiful: Toward an Economic Vision2010Report (Other academic)
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  • 43.
    Chapman, David
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Larsson, Agneta
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Health, Medicine and Rehabilitation.
    Arctic Risk in Urban Space2018Conference paper (Other academic)
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  • 44.
    Chapman, David
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Larsson, Agneta
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Health and Rehabilitation.
    Arctic Risk in Urban Spaces (ARUS): Report of meeting 16th & 17th January 20182018Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Report from the ARUS workshop in Abisko Research Station of the 16th and 17th January 2018. The workshop was used to develop a project agenda and key issues around changing risks in the Arctic public realm. Whilst this workshop was exploratory, the aim was to identify design challenges to urban space that climate change could bring for soft mobility.  The objective was to develop a research strategy that can develop ways to adapt Arctic settlements to these new environmental risks. The goal is to grow these agendas into research applications and funded research.

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  • 45.
    Chapman, David
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Larsson, Agneta
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Health, Medicine and Rehabilitation.
    Climate change and human behaviour: Understanding modal choice in a rapidly urbanising Arctic2019Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This poster explores the human dimension of non-motorised transport, i.e. soft-mobility in Arctic communities. Empirical results are used to show how people’s modal choice in the European Arctic is being influenced by climate evolution and human-made climate change. From these results, it is possible to conceive new visions of the how to design the outside environments of Arctic settlements that can better enable people to move around in Arctic communities with reduced reliance on vehicles. At the societal level, this research will help reduce energy consumption and pollution from transport.

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  • 46.
    Chapman, David
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Larsson, Agneta
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Health and Rehabilitation.
    Climate change and human behaviour: Understanding modal choice in a rapidly urbanising Arctic2020In: Arctice Frontiers Science: Theme 4: Local or Global Arctic?, 2020Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This research explores the human dimension of non-motorised transport, i.e. soft-mobility in Arctic communities. Empirical results are used to show how people’s modal choice in the European Arctic is being influenced by climate evolution and human-made climate change. From these results, it is possible to conceive new visions of the how to design the outside environments of Arctic settlements that can better enable people to move around in Arctic communities with reduced reliance on vehicles. At the societal level, this research will help reduce energy consumption and pollution from transport. For the individual, it highlights social, economic and the health benefits of soft-mobility. This includes creating places that are attractive, safe, and recognisable, as a basis for people’s informed decision-making about outdoor activities and modal choice. Pilot projects are ongoing in Riksgränsen, Björkliden and Abisko (Sweden) with data collected from residents and tourists using citizen science. Outcomes have practical and policy implications for town planning and tourism.

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  • 47.
    Chapman, David
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Larsson, Agneta
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Health, Medicine and Rehabilitation.
    Practical urban planning for winter cycling: lessons from a Swedish pilot study2021In: Journal of Transport and Health, ISSN 2214-1405, E-ISSN 2214-1405, Vol. 21, article id 101060Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    A detailed understanding of how the weather affects cycling is lacking. Where research has been carried out, the focus has often been on temperate and hotter climates; little research has been carried out regarding cycling in colder climate communities. This study therefore investigated the lived experience of winter-season cycling to provide empirical data for planning winter cycling in cold-climate communities.

    Methods

    Between 1 December 2017 and 30 April 2018, the activities of 13 cyclists (eight female and five male, mean age 42 years, age range 11–74 years) in Luleå, Sweden, were surveyed. Methods: Structured questionnaires, individual travel diaries, and recorded data for outdoor temperature, precipitation type, and snow cover were used.

    Results

    1) Cycle level and frequency could be maintained during the winter season; 2) in winter, participants were more likely to use their bicycles for commuting than other activities, 3) electric bicycles helped winter cycling significantly; 4) the quality of the cycling infrastructure is critical to making winter cycling attractive.

    Conclusion

    For winter cycling to be successful, town planners need to consider winter cycling as a specific activity with its own design, policy and management requirements. This study has shown that year-round cycling can be achieved in cold-climate communities, with all its attendant potential health benefits.

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  • 48.
    Chapman, David
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Larsson, Agneta
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Health and Rehabilitation.
    Toward an Integrated Model for Soft-Mobility2019In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 16, no 19, article id 3669Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A key urban design challenge is to create built environments that encourage outdoor activityall year round. This study explores a new model for soft-mobility that places the interaction betweenthe urban form, the seasonal climate and climate change, and the individual at the center of people’ssoft-mobility choices, or in more general, their modal choice. The research methods used werecomparative studies of documents, surveys, mental mapping, and photo elicitation. These studieswere undertaken to research people’s outdoor activity in the built environment during the winterseason of a cold climate settlement. The results were analyzed against the three-dimensions of themodel. In the discussion it is argued that in places with significant climate variation, the interactionbetween the urban form, the season, and the individual together influence soft-mobility choices. Inturn, these interactions influence people’s level of outdoor activity and the individual health benefitssuch activity can aord. In conclusion, it is highlighted that all three dimensions of the model are in aconstant state of change and evolution, especially in relation to planning and development processesand climate change.

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  • 49.
    Chapman, David
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Lee, Young-Sook
    School of Business & Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway.
    Larsson, Agneta
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health, Learning and Technology, Health, Medicine and Rehabilitation.
    Designing winter cities: Arctic urbanisation and Asian mobilities consumption2021In: Asian Mobilities Consumption in a Changing Arctic / [ed] Young-Sook Lee, Taylor & Francis, 2021, p. 168-180Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter considers an urbanising Arctic and the design of winter cities with a specific focus on Asian mobilities consumption. The chapter explores how Asian consumption mobilities can be seen as the outcome of interactions between the built environment of Arctic settlements, individuals and climate.

    Special attention is placed on how the built environment of Arctic cities is modified and shaped by “winter”. The focus is placed on the theory of urban morphology, production of space and ongoing climate change. This is important in order to understand Asian tourist mobilities in Arctic settlements because these environments bring unexpected conditions and challenges for tourists’ perceptions of heritage sites and their mobility between them. The chapter concludes by presenting some urban design recommendations for Arctic cities that can assist in understanding and enabling Asian mobilities in a changing Arctic.

  • 50.
    Chapman, David
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Nilsson, Kristina L.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Rizzo, Agatino
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Larsson, Agneta
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Health and Rehabilitation.
    Winter City Urbanism: Enabling All Year Connectivity for Soft Mobility2019In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 16, no 10, article id 1820Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study explores connectivity for soft mobility in the winter season. Working with residents from the sub-arctic city of Luleå, Sweden, the research examines how the interaction between the built environment and winter season affects people’s use of the outdoor environment. The research questions for this study are, 1) how do residents perceive the effects of winter on an areas spatial structure and pattern of streets and pathways? and 2) what enablers and barriers impact resident soft mobility choices and use of the public realm in winter? Methods used were mental mapping and photo elicitation exercises. These were used to gain a better understanding of people’s perception of soft mobility in winter. The results were analysed to identify how soft mobility is influenced by the winter season. The discussion highlights that at the neighbourhood scale, residents perceive that the winter alters an areas spatial structure and pattern of streets and pathways. It was also seen to reduce ease of understanding of the public realm and townscape. In conclusion, it is argued that new and re-tooled town planning strategies, such as extending blue/ green infrastructure planning to include white space could help better enable all year outdoor activity in winter cities.

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