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  • 1.
    Abiri, Olufunminiyi
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials. National Mathematical Centre, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria.
    Svoboda, Ales
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Lindgren, Lars-Erik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Wedberg, Dan
    AB Sandvik Coromant, Sandviken, Sweden.
    Controlling Thermal Softening Using Non-Local Temperature Field in Modelling2016In: Journal of Machining and Forming Technologies, ISSN 1947-4369, Vol. 8, no 1-2, p. 13-28Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the aims of this work is to show that thermal softening due to the reduced flow strength of a material with increasing temperature may cause chip serrations to form during machining. The other purpose, the main focus of the paper, is to demonstrate that a non-local temperature field can be used to control these serrations. The non-local temperature is a weighted average of the temperature field in the region surrounding an integration point. Its size is determined by a length scale. This length scale may be based on the physics of the process but is taken here as a regularization parameter.

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  • 2.
    Abiri, Olufunminiyi
    et al.
    Institute of Intelligent Systems, University of Johannesburg.
    Wedberg, Dan
    AB Sandvik Coromant.
    Svoboda, Ales
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Lindgren, Lars-Erik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Non-Local Modelling of Strain Softening in Machining Simulations2017In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, ISSN 1757-8981, E-ISSN 1757-899X, Vol. 225, article id 012053Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Non-local damage model for strain softening in a machining simulation is presented in this paper. The coupled damage-plasticity model consists of a physically based dislocation density model and a damage model driven by plastic straining in combination with the stress state. The predicted chip serration is highly consistent with the measurement results. 

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  • 3. Achani, D.
    et al.
    Eriksson, Magnus
    SINTEF Materials and chemistry, Applied mechanics and corrosion, Trondheim, Norway.
    Hopperstad, O.S.
    Lademo, O.-G.
    Modelling of local necking and fracture in aluminium alloys2007In: Materials processing and design : modeling, simulation and applications ; NUMIFORM '07: proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes, Porto, Portugal, 17 - 21 June 2007 / [ed] J.M.A. Cesar de Sa; Abel D. Santos, American Institute of Physics (AIP), 2007, p. 111-116Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 4.
    Aidanpää, Jan-Olov
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Analysis of multiple solutions in bifurcation diagrams to avoid unexpected dynamics2009Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In mechanical applications it is essential that unexpected dynamics are avoided. The industry wants to build reliable machines that are not sensitive to initial conditions. Therefore, a simple method has been developed to extract all sets of stable bifurcation diagrams. The method gives a designer a good overview of possible dynamics and thereby the possibility to select a safe operating region. The method is described and demonstrated with a rub-impact rotor. The practical usage of this method is to help the designer to determine if parameter ranges exist where coexistent solutions will appear. Thereby one can design the system to work in parameter ranges where only one acceptable solution exists.

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  • 5.
    Aidanpää, Jan-Olov
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Dynamics of some vibro-impacting systems with amplitude constraints1995Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis concerns the dynamics of some vibro-impacting systems with fixed or moving amplitude constraints. It is based on and includes five papers, marked A to E. Simple models of three different vibro-impacting systems with applications in the fields of impact hammers, granular flow and disk brakes in vehicles are analysed. A 2-DOF (two-degree-of-freedom) model of a threshold-limited impact hammer is studied (Paper A). The stability of a class of periodic motions is analysed. For some parameter values these periodic motions are found to be qualitatively similar to the ones observed for a corresponding 1-DOF system. At other parameter combinations, however, new kinds of periodic or chaotic motions can be observed. For low damping, phenomena resembling antiresonance for linear systems can also be observed. Granular shear flows show a transitional behaviour in the rapid flow regime as the shear speed or the concentration of the grains is varied. The motion can, for example, change from smooth and orderly to erratic and turbulent. Some aspects of this transitional behaviour in granular shear flow are studied numerically, analytically and experimentally (Papers B, C and D). Simple vibro-impacting models are suggested to get some analytical insight into the dynamics of shear layers. Results from a 1-DOF model show that for high forcing frequencies, which correspond to high shear speeds, periodic as well as chaotic motions can exist, whereas, for low forcing frequencies the vibrations are completely damped out to a stationary state (Paper B). Stability of this stationary state is studied analytically (Paper C), and experimentally (Paper D), where the motions of granular particles in a transparent shear cell are followed by using video techniques. For low shear speeds a single shear layer adjacent to the bottom boundary of the shear cell is observed. As the shear speed is increased, a transition to a random like state involving many layers is found to occur. In order to understand the phenomenon of squeal in disk brakes, a 3-DOF model is suggested to simulate the dynamics of a brake pad. The region of contact between the brake pad and the disk is described by using a coefficient of friction and distributed stiffness. The brake pad is allowed to have adjustable support locations and possibilities of impacts with its surroundings. The equilibrium state of the pad is determined by using a static analysis. The assumption is that the instability of this stationary state is a possible explanation of squeal, therefore, the stability is analysed in detail. Examples of different kinds of pad motions are presented. A rich variety of motions are found to exist including periodic, seemingly chaotic, stationary behaviour in slip, vibrations with full contact with the disk, stick-slip and impacts.

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  • 6.
    Aidanpää, Jan-Olov
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Multiple solutions in a rub-impact Jeffcott rotor2004In: Extended abstracts, proceedings: 10th international symposium on transport phenomena and dynamics of rotating machinery / [ed] Dieter Bohn, Aachen: Inst. of steam and gas turbines, RWTH , 2004Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 7.
    Aidanpää, Jan-Olov
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Multiple solutions in an amplitude limited Jeffcott rotor including rubbing and stick-slip effect2005In: Proceedings ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference: DETC 2005, American Society of Mechanical Engineers , 2005, p. 1091-1096Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The non-linear behaviour of rub-impact rotors have been studied in several papers. In such systems rich dynamics have been found together with the coexistence of solutions within some specific parameter ranges. In this paper an attempt is made to find all stable solutions for an amplitude limited Jeffcott rotor including rubbing and stick-slip effect. The recently suggested "multi bifurcation diagram method" is used to find and extract stable sets of bifurcation diagrams. A system is chosen where the linear stationary amplitude only exceeds the clearance in a narrow region near the natural frequency. Therefore large regions in frequency are expected to have only the linear stationary response. The results show that it is only for very low frequencies that one single solution exists. Even though periodic motions are dominant, there exist large ranges in frequency with quasi-periodic or chaotic motions. For the studied cases, three coexisting stable solutions are most common. In one case as many as four stable solutions was found to coexist. For rotors with large clearances (no impacts necessary) it is still possible to find several coexisting motions. For all cases the stick motion is the most severe one with large amplitudes and high backward whirl frequencies. In real situations the consequence of this stick motion is machine failure. These high amplitude motions were found to be stable over large frequency ranges. From the stability analysis it was found that this rolling motion can be avoided by low spin speed, low contact stiffness, low coefficient of friction, small ratio of disc radius/clearance or high damping ratio. In a design situation the parameters are seldom known with high accuracy. Therefore, it is of interest to know all solutions for parameter intervals. The multi-bifurcation diagram can be used in such situations to design a robust machine or at least be prepared for unwanted dynamics.

  • 8.
    Aidanpää, Jan-Olov
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Review of Mechanical Vibrations by S.S. Rao2007In: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part C, journal of mechanical engineering science, ISSN 0954-4062, E-ISSN 2041-2983, Vol. 221, no 1, p. 135-Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Aidanpää, Jan-Olov
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Rotor dynamical analysis of failure due to rotor-stator contact in an overhung rotor2006In: Proceedings - 7th International Conference on Rotor Dynamics: September 25 - 28, 2006, Vienna, Austria / [ed] H. Springer; H. Ecker, Vienna: Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics, Vienna University of Technology , 2006, article id 264Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Two new 1MW fans in a remote gas cleaning plant have failed within 12 days of operation. Due to high costs a rapid repair and modification was performed without any deeper investigation or measurements. Since the driving frequency was far below the critical speed, a theory was that contact between rotating and stationary part was the reason for failure. In this paper the rotor dynamics is studied by an amplitude limited 4DOF overhung rotor. Simulations indicate that in addition to the ordinary unbalance response there can exist a high amplitude rolling contact mode between the disc and the stationary parts. By analysis of basin of attraction it is concluded that contact is a possible cause for the failure if the damping ratio is low, coefficient of friction is high and the rotor is eccentrically positioned relative to the stator. Measurements on the system are however necessary before a satisfying explanation can be given.

  • 10.
    Aidanpää, Jan-Olov
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Two vibroimpacting systems with amplitude constraints1992Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
  • 11.
    Aidanpää, Jan-Olov
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Gupta, R.B.
    Periodic and chaotic behaviour of a threshold-limited two-degree-of-freedom system1993In: Journal of Sound and Vibration, ISSN 0022-460X, E-ISSN 1095-8568, Vol. 165, no 2, p. 305-327Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A two-degree-of-freedom impact oscillator with proportional damping is considered. The maximum displacement of one of the masses is limited to a threshold value by a rigid wall, which gives rise to a non-linearity in the system. Impacts between the mass and the wall are described by a coefficient of restitution. The behaviour of the system is rich and includes features like period doublings, period havings, jumps, chaos, etc. Periodic motions of the system are studied by analytical methods. The influence of system parameters such as damping, coefficient of restitution, distribution of masses and clearance, etc., is studied for some extreme values of these parameters. The stability of a class of periodic motions is investigated. Parameter ranges which result in stable periodic multiple impacts are identified. Application of the results to the design of impact tools is discussed.

  • 12.
    Aidanpää, Jan-Olov
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Gustavsson, Rolf K.
    Vattenfall, VRD.
    Lundström, Niklas L. P.
    Umeå university.
    Karlsson, Martin
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.
    Calleecharan, Yogeshwarsing
    Nässelqvist, Mattias
    Karlberg, Magnus
    Lundin, Urban
    Uppsala University.
    Developments in rotor dynamical modeling of hydropower units2009In: Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on Emerging Trends in Rotor Dynamics: held in New Delhi, India, March 23 - March 26, 2009 / [ed] Kshitij Gupta, Dordrecht: Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag, 2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 13.
    Aidanpää, Jan-Olov
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Lindkvist, Göran
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Dynamics of a rubbing Jeffcott rotor with three blades2011In: Chaos Theory: Modeling, Simulation and Applications: Selected Papers from the 3rd Chaotic Modeling and Simulation International Conference (CHAOS2010) / [ed] Christos H. Skiadas; Ioannis Dimotikalis; Charilaos Skiadas, Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd , 2011, Vol. Part II. Invited and Contributed Papers, p. 97-104Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 14.
    Aidanpää, Jan-Olov
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Lundström, Niklas L. P.
    Umeå university.
    Complex dynamic responses due to deviations of generator shape2009In: 10th Conference on Dynamical Systems - Theory and Applications: DSTA-2009, December 7-10, Łódź, Poland, 2009Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Earlier measurements in large synchronous generators indicate the existence of complex whirling motion, and also deviations of shape in both the rotor and the stator. These non-symmetric geometries produce an attraction force between the rotor and the stator, called Unbalanced Magnetic Pull (UMP). The target of this paper is to analyse responses due to certain deviations of shape in the rotor and the stator. In particular, the perturbation on the rotor is considered to be of oval character, and the perturbations of the stator are considered triangular and eccentric. It is concluded that harmful conditions can occur due to high amplitudes especially when the whirling of the rotor changes from forward to backward. During maintenance of hydro power generators the shapes of the rotor and stator are frequently measured. The results from this paper can be used to evaluate such measurements and to explain the existence of complex whirling motion.

  • 15.
    Aidanpää, Jan-Olov
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Shen, Hayley H.
    Gupta, Ram B.
    Uppsala universitet.
    Experimental and numerical studies of shear layers in granular shear cell1996In: Journal of engineering mechanics, ISSN 0733-9399, E-ISSN 1943-7889, Vol. 122, no 3, p. 187-196Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The stability of a shear layer inside a granular material in a gravity field is studied experimentally and numerically. A shear cell is built of transparent acrylic to visualize the motion of the granular material. This shear cell consists of two concentric cylinders containing layers of uniform spheres in the annular space between the cylinders. The shearing motion of the spheres is produced by rotating the bottom boundary of the cell. Friction of the cylinder walls resists the shear motion, thus creating a single shear layer adjacent to the bottom boundary, while the rest of the layers above move with constant speed as a solid body. As the rotation speed of the bottom boundary increases, two layers adjacent to the bottom boundary begin to shear. This shearing zone quickly thickens and dilates as the rotational speed increases. The transition of this shear motion from a single layer to many layers of shearing is studied by video recording. The initiation of this transition is observed to depend on the material properties and the number of layers overlaying the shear layer. A one-dimensional numerical model is constructed to bring insight into this transitional phenomenon.

  • 16.
    Aidanpää, Jan-Olov
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Shen, Hayley H.
    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson university.
    Gupta, Ram B.
    Division of Solid Mechanics, School of Engineering, Uppsala University.
    Stability and bifurcations of a stationary state for an impact oscillator1994In: Chaos, ISSN 1054-1500, E-ISSN 1089-7682, Vol. 4, no 4, p. 621-630Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The motion of a vibroimpacting one-degree-of-freedom model is analyzed. This model is motivated by the behavior of a shearing granular material, in which a transitional phenomenon is observed as the concentration of the grains decreases. This transition changes the motion of a granular assembly from an orderly shearing between two blocks sandwiching a single layer of grains to a chaotic shear flow of the whole granular mass. The model consists of a mass-spring-dashpot assembly that bounces between two rigid walls. The walls are prescribed to move harmonically in opposite phases. For low wall frequencies or small amplitudes, the motion of the mass is damped out, and it approaches a stationary state with zero velocity and displacement. In this paper, the stability of such a state and the transition into chaos are analyzed. It is shown that the state is always changed into a saddle point after a bifurcation. For some parameter combinations, horseshoe-like structures can be observed in the Poincare sections. Analyzing the stable and unstable manifolds of the saddle point, transversal homoclinic points are found to exist for some of these parameter combinations

  • 17.
    Aidanpää, Jan-Olov
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Shen, H.H.
    Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY.
    Gupta, R.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Babic, M.
    University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
    A model for the transitional behavior of simple shear flows of disks1992In: Studies in Applied Mechanics, ISSN 0922-5382, Vol. 31, p. 301-310Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A simple one-dimensional model is suggested to simulate some aspects of the dynamics of granular shear flows. The model consists of a viscoelastic packet bouncing between two harmonically oscillating walls. The amplitude and frequency of the wall motion are related to the concentration and shear rate respectively. The dynamics of the system is studied and it is shown that periodic as well as chaotic motions are possible for different parameters and initial conditions. Results are presented in the form of time histories, power spectral densities, phase diagrams, Poincaré maps and bifurcation diagrams. Some of the characteristics present in the two-dimensional granular shear flows are present in this simple model. It is promising that such analysis can provide better understanding of the transitional behavior of the constitutive relation between the rapid shear and the quasi-static flows.

  • 18.
    Aidanpää, Jan-Olov
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Shen, H.H.
    Gupta, R.B.
    Babic, M.
    One-dimensional model for the transition from periodic to chaotic motions in granular shear flows1993In: Mechanics of materials, ISSN 0167-6636, E-ISSN 1872-7743, Vol. 16, no 1-2, p. 153-161Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A simple one-dimensional mechanical model to simulate some aspects of the dynamics of granular flow is suggested. The model consists of a visco-elastic packet bouncing between two oscillating walls. The motion of the walls is prescribed to be harmonic. The amplitude and frequency of the wall motion are related to the concentration and shear rate, respectively. The dynamics of the system is studied for various parameter combinations and it is shown that periodic as well as chaotic motions are possible for different parameters and initial conditions. Results are presented in the form of time histories, power spectral densities, phase diagrams, Poincare plots and bifurcation diagrams. This simple one-dimensional model presents many features that are analogous to those observed in the two-dimensional simple shear flow of disks.

  • 19.
    Alam, M. Minhaj
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.
    Barsoum, Z.
    Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jonsén, Pär
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Kaplan, Alexander F. H.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Häggblad, Hans-Åke
    Luleå University of Technology.
    The influence of surface geometry and topography on the fatigue cracking behaviour of laser hybrid welded eccentric fillet joints2010In: Applied Surface Science, ISSN 0169-4332, E-ISSN 1873-5584, Vol. 265, no 6, p. 1936-1945Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Laser hybrid welding of an eccentric fillet joint causes a complex geometry for fatigue load by four point bending. The weld surface geometry and topography were measured and studied in order to understand the crack initiation mechanisms. The crack initiation location and the crack propagation path were studied and compared to Finite Element stress analysis, taking into account the surface macro- and micro-geometry. It can be explained why the root and the upper weld toe are uncritical for cracking. The cracks that initiate from the weld bead show higher fatigue strength than the samples failing at the lower weld toe, as can be explained by a critical radius for the toe below which surface ripples instead determine the main stress raiser location for cracking. The location of maximum surface stress is related to a combination of throat depth, toe radius and sharp surface ripples along which the cracks preferably propagate.

  • 20.
    Alam, Md. Minhaj
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.
    Barsoum, Z
    Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Stockholm.
    Jonsén, Pär
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Kaplan, Alexander
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.
    Häggblad, Hans-Åke
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Influence of defects on fatigue crack propagation in laser hybrid welded eccentric fillet joint2011In: Engineering Fracture Mechanics, ISSN 0013-7944, E-ISSN 1873-7315, Vol. 78, no 10, p. 2246-2258Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fatigue cracking of laser hybrid welded eccentric fillet joints has been studied for stainless steel. Two-dimensional linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis was carried out for this joint geometry for four point bending load. The numerical simulations explain for the experimental observations why the crack propagates from the lower weld toe and why the crack gradually bends towards the root. Lack of fusion turned out to be uncritical for the initiation of cracks due to its compressive stress conditions. The linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis has demonstrated in good qualitative agreement with fatigue test results that lack of fusion slightly (<10%) reduces the fatigue life by accelerating the crack propagation. For the geometrical conditions studied here improved understanding of the crack propagation was obtained and in turn illustrated. The elaborated design curves turned out to be above the standard recommendations

  • 21.
    Alam, Md. Minhaj
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.
    Barsoum, Zuheir
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, KTH.
    Jonsén, Pär
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Häggblad, Hans-Åke
    Kaplan, Alexander
    Fatigue behaviour study of laser hybrid welded eccentric fillet joints: Part I2009In: 12th NOLAMP proceeding 2009: Nordic Laser Materials Processing Conference ; 24th - 26th August 2009 in Copenhagen / [ed] Erling Dam Mortensen, Kgs. Lyngby: ATV-SEMAPP , 2009Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Welded joints are a major component that is often responsible for causing a structure failure or for being the point at which fatigue cracking initiates and propagates. Despite tremendous research efforts, the understanding of fatigue behaviour is still limited, particularly for new techniques like laser hybrid welding. Beside a comprehensive state-of-the-art study, the paper presents a fatigue study of laser hybrid welded eccentric fillet joint of stainless steel of 10 mm thickness, with 5 mm displacement. Motivation is to study the influence of the surface geometry shape on fatigue performance under a four point bending test. 13 samples were produced, measuring the toe radii and testing under constant amplitude loading with stress ratio R=0. Different techniques have been used to measure local weld geometry, like plastic replica, a 3D optical profiler and a 3D-digitizer. The influence of the local weld geometry, like the toe radii, on the stress concentration was studied by FE-analysis. Occasionally lack of fusion was observed, which was taken into account in the FE-analysis. Based on the nominal stress approach, SN-curves were designed for laser hybrid welded eccentric fillet joints. Macro hardness tests were carried out and the crack surfaces were observed in order to detect crack initiation and propagation. Correlations between the toe radii, the corresponding stress maxima and crack initiation locations were studied between the different samples and even along the welds.

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  • 22.
    Alam, Md. Minhaj
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.
    Barsoum, Zuheir
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, KTH.
    Jonsén, Pär
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Häggblad, Hans-Åke
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Kaplan, Alexander
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.
    Fatigue behaviour study of laser hybrid welded eccentric fillet joints: Part II: State-of-the-art of fracture mechanics and fatigue analysis of welded joints2009In: 12th NOLAMP proceeding 2009: Nordic Laser Materials Processing Conference ; 24th - 26th August 2009 in Copenhagen / [ed] Erling Dam Mortensen, Kgs. Lyngby: ATV-SEMAPP , 2009Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Simplified fatigue and fracture mechanics based assessment methods are widely used by the industry to determine the structural integrity significance of postulated cracks, manufacturing flaws, service-induced cracking or suspected degradation of engineering components under normal and abnormal service loads. In many cases, welded joints are the regions most likely to contain original fabrication defects or cracks initiating and growing during service operation. The welded joints are a major component that is often blamed for causing a structure failure or for being the point at which fatigue or fracture problems initiate and propagate. Various mathematical models/techniques for various classes of welded joints are developed by analytically or by simulation software's that can be used in fatigue and fracture assessments. This literature survey compiled useful information on fracture and fatigue analysis of various welded joints. The present review is divided into two major sections- fracture mechanics and fatigue analysis with widely used models. A survey table is also introduced to get the outlook of research trend on fatigue and fracture over last 3 decades. Although tremendous research effort has been implemented on fatigue and fracture analysis of conventional welding, research on relatively new welding technology (laser welding, hybrid laser welding) is still limited and unsatisfactory. In order to give guarantee or make welding standard for new welding technology, further research is required in the field of fatigue and fracture mechanics including FEM and multi-scale modeling.

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  • 23.
    Alam, Md. Minhaj
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.
    Barsoum, Zuheir
    Royal Institute of Technology.
    Jonsén, Pär
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Häggblad, Hans-Åke
    Kaplan, Alexander
    Geometrical aspects of the fatigue behaviour of laser hybrid fillet welds2009In: Proceedings of the Fatigue Design Conference, Cetim , 2009Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 24.
    Alam, Md. Minhaj
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.
    Barsoum, Zuheir
    Royal Institute of Technology.
    Jonsén, Pär
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Kaplan, Alexander
    Häggblad, Hans-Åke
    The effects of surface topography and lack of fusion on the fatigue strength of laser hybrid welds2009In: Congress proceedings: ICALEO, 28th International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics : November 2 - 5, 2009 - Orlando, FL : Laser Materials Processing Conference, Laser Microprocessing Conference, Nanomanufacturing Conference, poster presentation, gallery, Orlando, Fla: Laser institute of America , 2009, p. 38-46Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The geometrical aspects of laser hybrid welding before, during and after the process differ from autonomous laser welding and from arc welding. When studying the fatigue behaviour of laser hybrid welded fillet joints we identified that the microgeometry, i.e. the surface ripples can be more critical than the macrogeometry of the weld surface and even than lack of fusion (LOF), which frequently was detected. The plastic replica method was applied to measure the toe radii at the weld edges while the topography was identified by interferometric profilometry. From metallurgical analysis of the joint interface the tendency to LOF can be explained. Stress analysis was carried out by FEA for the complex joint geometry and bending load situation, showing maximum stress on the weld toes, even when including LOF. It was shown that the position and value of the maximum stress depends on a non-trivial combination of the weld geometry, including possible LOF, and the surface topography. Thus it can be explained that at compressive stress conditions LOF does not contribute significantly to the fatigue strength of laser hybrid welds while the surface topography does. Recommendations for defining and in turn avoiding critical geometrical aspects during the welding process are discussed.

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  • 25.
    Alin, Morgan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics.
    Framtagning och topologioptimering av kopplingsdorn till BvS10: I samarbete med BAE Systems Hägglunds2022Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 26.
    Al-Ramahi, Nawres
    Mechanical Department, Institute of Technology-Baghdad, Foundation of Technical Education.
    Failure Impact Energy in Curved Composite Plates2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An investigation of low velocity impact characteristics of curved composite plates have been presented. The plates represent parts of car's bumpers with radii of curvature of 120mm,200mm, 300mm, 450mm and infinity.

    Two types of composite materials are used, unidirectional 0° and woven 0°/90° types with five layers of 3mm thickness and ten layers of 6mm thickness of each type.

    The results showed that larger plates curvatures can absorb more impact energy and the ten layer woven 0°/90° composite are superior to similar unidirectional 0° composite. On the other hand the five layer unidirectional 0° plates are superior in absorbing energy compared to similar woven 0°/90° plates.

    An investigation of the failure patterns and development for both types of composite has been presented and discussed.

    The effects of multi-strike on the energy absorbtion of both type of composite have showed different pattern of energy absorbtion behavior.

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  • 27.
    Al-Ramahi, Nawres Jabar
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.
    Comprehensive numerical analysis of stress state in adhesive layer of joint including thermal residual stress and material non-linearity2021Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The main objective of this work is to improve understanding of the stress state in the adhesive layer of bonded joints and identify key parameters which govern performance of adhesive joints. This information is crucial for the prediction of the failure initiation and propagation with the further estimation of the durability and strength of adhesively bonded structures.

    A systematic numerical analysis of stress state in the adhesive layer of a single-lap and double- lap joint under various loading conditions (thermal and mechanical loading) and an alternative methodology to predict the direction for crack propagation within adhesive layer are presented in this thesis.  To identification of the most important parameters of joints is done based on the assessment of the peel and shear stress distributions in the adhesive layer. The thermal residual stresses arising after assembling of joints at elevated temperature are accounted for in the analysis.

    Initially, accurate, realistic 3D finite element model with novel boundary conditions (displacement coupling) was developed and validated. The employed boundary conditions allow to eliminate the edge effect and simulate the behavior of an infinite plate of composite laminate with off-axis layers (monoclinic materials). It is also possible to decouple the edge effects induced by the finite specimen width from the interaction with ends of the joint overlap region. Due to these advanced setting it is possible to eliminate influence of some of the parameters as well as to reduce geometry of the model without losing precision. Thus, the model is optimized with respect to the number of elements as well as element size distribution and does not require excessive computational power to obtain accurate stress distributions even near to the possible sites with stress perturbations (e.g. corners, cracks, etc). Additionally to the geometrical parameters, various material models have been employed in simulations of adhesive joints. A linear and non-linear material models (adherend and adhesive) was used for the single-lap joint, while a linear material behavior was considered for double-lap joint. The geometrical non-linearity was also included in the analysis whenever required. To make results more general and applicable to a wide range of different joints the normalized (with respect to the thickness of adhesive layer) dimensions of joints were used. 

    Depending on the analyzed type of joint (single- or double- lap), combination of similar and dissimilar (hybrid) materials for adherends are considered: a) metal-metal; b) composite-composite; c) composite-metal. In case of the composite adherend (carbon and/or glass fibers) different laminate lay-ups were selected: uni-directional ([08]T and [908]T) and quasi-isotropic ([0/45/90/-45]S and [90/45/0/-45]S). 

    In general, discussion and conclusions concerning the importance of various joint parameters are based on the magnitude of the peel and shear stress concentration at the ends of the overlap. In order to identify general trends with respect to the influence of mechanical properties of adherends the master curves for shear and peel stresses are constructed and analyzed. 

    To simulate effect of the residual thermal stresses on the behavior of joints different methods for assembly of joints were considered (using dedicated adhesive or employing co-curing method). The results of this investigation lead to the conclusions that the one of the most important factors affecting the simulation results is the sequences of application of thermo-mechanical loading for different assembly methods. It is shown that simple superposition of thermal and mechanical stresses (most common approach) in the adhesive layer works properly only for linear material but it gives inaccurate results if non-linear material is considered. The thesis demonstrates the appropriate way to combine thermal and mechanical loads to obtain correct stress distributions for any material (linear and non-linear). The analysis of the influence of residual thermal stresses has shown that the peel and shear stress concentration at the ends of overlap joint and the shear stress within the over-lap region are reduced due to thermal effect. In case of composite adherend the co-curing assembly method is more favorable (in terms of reducing stress concentrations) than using adhesive for joining the materials.

    Finally, the simulation of the crack propagation within the adhesive layer for the bi-material (steel and composite) DCB sample with thick adhesive layer was carried out. The alternative to traditional fracture mechanics approach is proposed for the prediction of the crack path in the adhesive layer: a maximum hoop stress criterion. The hoop stress on the perimeters of a relatively large circle around the crack tip is evaluated to predict the direction of the crack extension with respect to the existing crack. The fracture mechanics is used to validate this approach and it is proved that if the Mode I is dominant for the crack propagation the hoop stress criterion be successfully used to predict crack path in the adhesive layer. This methodology is much more effective (in terms of required time and resources) than energy release based criterion or even X-FEM.

    The main result of this thesis is a tool to obtain accurate stress distributions in the adhesive layer of joints. This tool provided better understanding of the behavior of adhesive joints and allowed to develop new approach for prediction of crack propagation in the adhesive layer. This is definitely a development in the design of stronger, more durable adhesive joints for lighter structural components.   

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  • 28.
    Al-Ramahi, Nawres
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science. Institute of Technology / Baghdad, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq.
    Joffe, Roberts
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.
    Varna, Janis
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.
    Criteria for crack path deviation in adhesive layer of bi-material DCB specimen2021In: Composites. Part A, Applied science and manufacturing, ISSN 1359-835X, E-ISSN 1878-5840, Vol. 147, article id 106408Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An alternative to traditional fracture mechanics methodology to predict direction for crack propagation in the adhesive layer of bonded stiff materials is demonstrated. The approach is based on the analysis of the location of maximum of the hoop stress in relation to the existing crack tip. Such method is very convenient and fast as it does not require a lot of computational resources and is easy to implement compared to other known numerical methods dealing with similar problems (e.g. X-FEM). The method is validated by fracture mechanics approach using energy release rate to predict crack propagation direction. The verification is done by using bi-material DCB specimen with relatively thick adhesive layer as an example.

    After proving the applicability of the maximum hoop stress criterion the parametric study on factors affecting crack propagation in the adhesive layer is carried out. Such parameters as bending stiffness of beams, thickness of the adhesive layer, distance to the bond-line, length of the initial pre-crack are analyzed.

  • 29.
    Al-Ramahi, Nawres
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science. Institute of Technology / Baghdad, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq.
    Joffe, Roberts
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science. Swerea SICOMP AB, Piteå, Sweden.
    Varna, Janis
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.
    Investigation of end and edge effects on results of numerical simulation of single lap adhesive joint with non-linear materials2018In: International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, ISSN 0143-7496, E-ISSN 1879-0127, Vol. 87, p. 191-204Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents systematic numerical study of stresses in the adhesive of a single-lap joint with the objective to improve understanding of the main material and geometrical parameters determining performance of adhesive joints. For this purpose a 3D model as well as 2D model, optimized with respect to the computational efficiency by use of novel displacement coupling conditions able to correctly represent monoclinic materials (off-axis layers of composite laminates), are employed. The model accounts for non-linearity of materials (adherend and adhesive) as well as geometrical non-linearity. The parameters of geometry of the joint are normalized with respect to the dimensions of adhesive (e.g. thickness) thus making analysis of results more general and applicable to wide range of different joints. Optimal geometry of the single-lap joint allowing to separate edge effect from end effects is selected based on results of the parametric analysis by using peel and shear stress distributions in the adhesive layer as a criterion. Three different types of single lap joint with similar and dissimilar (hybrid) materials are considered in this study: a) metal-metal; b) composite-composite; c) composite-metal. In case of composite laminates, four lay-ups are evaluated: uni-directional ([08]T and [908]T) and quasi-isotropic laminates ([0/45/90/-45]S and [90/45/0/-45]S). The influence of the abovementioned parameters on peel and shear stress distributions in the adhesive layer is examined carefully and mechanical parameters governing the stress concentrations in the joint have been identified, this dependence can be described by simple but accurate fitting function. The effect of the used material model (linear vs non-linear) on results is also demonstrated.

  • 30.
    Al-Ramahi, Nawres
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.
    Joffe, Roberts
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.
    Varna, Janis
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.
    Numerical stress analysis in adhesive joints under thermo-mechanical load using model with special boundary conditions2019In: 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Techniques (ICSET 2019)6–7 March 2019, Baghdad, Iraq, Institute of Physics (IOP), 2019, Vol. 3, article id 032061Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A numerical study of the adhesive joint made of similar and dissimilar adherends subjected to thermo-mechanical loading is presented. A comprehensive numerical model was used for this purpose with the novel displacement coupling conditions which are able to correctly represent monoclinic materials (off-axis layers of composite laminates). The geometrical nonlinearity as well as nonlinear material model are also taken into account. Three different types of single-lap and double-lap adhesive joints are considered in this study: a) metal-metal; b) composite-composite; c) composite-metal. In case of composite laminates, four lay-ups are evaluated: uni-directional ([08]T and [908]T) and quasi-isotropic laminates ([0/45/90/-45]S and [90/45/0/-45]S). This paper focuses on the parameters which have the major effect on the peel and shear stress distribution within adhesive layer at the overlap ends. The comparison of behaviour of single- and double- lap joints in relation to these parameters is made. The master curves for maximum stress (peel and shear) at the ends of the overlap with respect to the bending stiffness and axial modulus of the adherends are constructed by analysing stress distributions in the middle of the adhesive. The main conclusions of this paper are: the maximum peel stress value for SLJ is reduced with increase of the adherend bending stiffness and for DLJ, similar behaviour was observed at the end next to the inner plate corner, while, at the end next to the outer plate corner peel stress is reduced with increase of adherend axial modulus.

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  • 31.
    Alrifaiy, Ahmed
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Signals and Systems. Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of physiology, Gothenburg University - Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, 405 30, Sweden; CMTF, Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Luleå and Umeå, Sweden.
    Borg, Johan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Lindahl, Olof A.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Signals and Systems. Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics. CMTF, Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Luleå and Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden.
    Ramser, Kerstin
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics. Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Signals and Systems. CMTF, Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Luleå and Umeå, Sweden.
    A lab-on-a-chip for hypoxic patch clamp measurements combined with optical tweezers and spectroscopy: first investigations of single biological cells2015In: Biomedical engineering online, E-ISSN 1475-925X, Vol. 14, article id 36Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The response and the reaction of the brain system to hypoxia is a vital research subject that requires special instrumentation. With this research subject in focus, a new multifunctional lab-on-a-chip (LOC) system with control over the oxygen content for studies on biological cells was developed. The chip was designed to incorporate the patch clamp technique, optical tweezers and absorption spectroscopy. The performance of the LOC was tested by a series of experiments. The oxygen content within the channels of the LOC was monitored by an oxygen sensor and verified by simultaneously studying the oxygenation state of chicken red blood cells (RBCs) with absorption spectra. The chicken RBCs were manipulated optically and steered in three dimensions towards a patch-clamp micropipette in a closed microfluidic channel. The oxygen level within the channels could be changed from a normoxic value of 18% O 2 to an anoxic value of 0.0-0.5% O 2. A time series of 3 experiments were performed, showing that the spectral transfer from the oxygenated to the deoxygenated state occurred after about 227 ± 1 s and a fully developed deoxygenated spectrum was observed after 298 ± 1 s, a mean value of 3 experiments. The tightness of the chamber to oxygen diffusion was verified by stopping the flow into the channel system while continuously recording absorption spectra showing an unchanged deoxygenated state during 5400 ± 2 s. A transfer of the oxygenated absorption spectra was achieved after 426 ± 1 s when exposing the cell to normoxic buffer. This showed the long time viability of the investigated cells. Successful patching and sealing were established on a trapped RBC and the whole-cell access (Ra) and membrane (Rm) resistances were measured to be 5.033 ± 0.412 M Ω and 889.7 ± 1.74 M Ω respectively.

  • 32.
    Amer, Eynas
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Pulsed laser ablation studied using digital holographic interferometry2008Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Pulsed digital holographic interferometry has been used to investigate the plume and the shock wave generated in the ablation process of a Q-switched Nd-YAG (lambda= 1064 nm and pulse duration = 12 ns) laser pulse on a polycrystalline Boron Nitride (PCBN) target under atmospheric air pressure. A special set-up based on using two synchronised wavelengths from the same laser for simultaneous processing and measurement has been used. Digital holograms were recorded for different time delays using collimated laser light (lambda= 532 nm) passed through the volume along the target. Numerical data of the integrated refractive index field were calculated and presented as phase maps showing the propagation of the shock wave and the plume generated by the process. Radon inversion has been used to estimate the 3D refractive index fields measured from the projections assuming rotational symmetry. Verification of the point explosion model has been done. The amount of released energy i.e. the part of the incident energy of the laser pulse that is eventually converted to a shock wave has been estimated. Shock wave front densities have been calculated from the reconstructed refractive index fields using the Gladstone-Dale equation. A comparison of the shock front density calculated from the reconstructed data and that calculated using the point explosion model at different time delays has been done. The comparison shows quite good agreement between the model and the experimental data. Finally the reconstructed refractive index field has been used to estimate the electron number density distribution within the laser induced plasma. The results show that pulsed digital holographic interferometry is a promising technique to study laser ablation processes. Different materials and laser parameters like wavelength, focusing, number of pulses can be studied in combinations with other techniques.

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  • 33.
    Amer, Eynas
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Pulsed laser ablation studied using digital holography2009Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Pulsed digital holographic interferometry has been used to study the plume and the shock wave generated in the laser ablation process on different targets under atmospheric air pressure. A pulsed Nd-YAG laser system (pulse duration 12 ns) has been used both for ablating the material (wavelength 1064 nm) and for measurement (wavelength 532 nm). Digital holograms were recorded for different time delays using collimated laser light passed through the volume along the target. Numerical data of the integrated refractive index field were calculated and presented as phase maps. The Radon inversion has been used to estimate the 3D refractive index fields measured from the projections assuming rotational symmetry. Intensity maps have been calculated from the recorded digital holograms and used to calculate the attenuation of the probing laser beam by the ablated plume. Qualitative and quantitative information have been extracted from both the phase map and the intensity map to help describing the laser ablation process. Also 3D information about the induced plume has been obtained by numerical reconstruction of the digital holograms at different planes along the plume. The amount of released energy due to laser impact on a PCBM target has been estimated using the point explosion model. The released energy is normalized by the incident laser pulse energy and the energy conversion efficiency between the laser pulse and the target has been calculated and it seems to be constant around 80 %. The 3D refractive index fields have been used to calculate the shock wave front density and the electron number density distribution within the induced plasma. The electron number densities are found to be in the order of 1018 cm-3 and decay at a rate of 3x1015 electrons/cm3ns. The effect of the laser spot diameter on the shock wave generated in the ablation process of a Zn target has been studied. The induced shock wave has an ellipsoidal shape that approaches a sphere for decreasing spot diameter. A model was developed that approaches the density distribution that facilitates the derivation of the particle velocity field. The method provides quantitative results that are discussed; in particular a comparison with the point explosion theory. The effect of the physical properties of the target on the laser ablation process has been studied. The comparison of the laser ablation of Zn and Ti shows that different laser ablation mechanisms are observed for the same laser settings and surrounding gas. At a laser fluence of 5 J/cm2, phase explosion appears to be the ablation mechanism in case of Zn, while for Ti normal vaporisation seems to be the dominant mechanism. The results show that pulsed digital holographic interferometry is a promising technique to give a physical picture and increase the understanding of the laser ablation process in a time resolved manner.

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  • 34.
    Amer, Eynas
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Gren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Edenharder, Stefan
    Institut für Technische Optik, Universität Stuttgart.
    Sjödahl, Mikael
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Stimulated Raman scattering detection for chemically specific time-resolved imaging of gases2016In: Optics Express, E-ISSN 1094-4087, Vol. 24, no 9, p. 9984-9993Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging technique based on spatial modulation of the pump beam has been used to study gases. The SRS gain signal was separated from the Stokes beam background in the spatial frequency domain. The SRS signal shows linear behaviour with the gas pressure at a range from 1.0 to 8.0 bars. The signal is linearly proportional to the pump beam intensity while it is enhanced with increasing the Stokes beam intensity to a certain limit than it saturates. Further, the chemical specificity of the technique has been investigated. Two sharp peaks with line width at half maximum of about 0.30 nm have been obtained at Stokes beam wavelengths of 629.93 nm and 634.05 nm corresponding to the methane and ethylene gases, respectively. The results show that SRS imaging is a promising technique to provide chemical specificity as well as spatial and temporal information of gaseous species

  • 35.
    Amer, Eynas
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Gren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Edenharder, Stefan
    Institut für Technische Optik, Universität Stuttgart.
    Sjödahl, Mikael
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Stimulated Raman scattering holography for time-resolved imaging of methane gas2016In: Applied Optics, ISSN 1559-128X, E-ISSN 2155-3165, Vol. 55, no 13, p. 3429-3434Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, pulsed digital holographic detection is coupled to the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) process for imaging gases. A Q-switched Nd-YAG laser (532 nm) has been used to pump methane gas (CH4) at pressures up to 12 bars. The frequency-tripled (355 nm) beam from the same laser was used to pump an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The Stokes beam (from the OPO) has been tuned to 629.93 nm so that the frequency difference between the pump (532 nm) and the Stokes beams fits a Raman active vibrational mode of the methane molecule (2922 cm(-1)). The pump beam has been spatially modulated with fringes produced in a Michelson interferometer. The pump and the Stokes beams were overlapped in time, space, and polarization on the gas molecules, resulting in a stimulated Raman gain of the Stokes beam and a corresponding loss of the pump beam through the SRS process. The resulting gain of the Stokes beam has been detected using pulsed digital holography by blending it with a reference beam on the detector. Two holograms of the Stokes beam, without and with the pump beam fringes present, were recorded. Intensity maps calculated from the recorded digital holograms showed amplification of the Stokes beam at the position of overlap with the pump beam fringes and the gas molecules. The gain of the Stokes beam has been separated from the background in the Fourier domain. A gain of about 4.5% at a pump beam average intensity of 4 MW/cm(2) and a Stokes beam intensity of 0.16 MW/cm(2) have been recorded at a gas pressure of 12 bars. The gain decreased linearly with decreasing gas pressure. The results show that SRS holography is a promising technique to pinpoint a specific species and record its spatial and temporal distribution

  • 36.
    Amer, Eynas
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Gren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Kaplan, Alexander
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.
    Sjödahl, Mikael
    Impact of an extended source in laser ablation using pulsed digital holographic interferometry and modelling2009In: Applied Surface Science, ISSN 0169-4332, E-ISSN 1873-5584, Vol. 255, no 21, p. 8917-8925Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pulsed digital holographic interferometry has been used to study the effect of the laser spot diameter on the shock wave generated in the ablation process of an Nd:YAG laser pulse on a Zn target under atmospheric pressure. For different laser spot diameters and time delays, the propagation of the expanding vapour and of the shock wave were recorded by intensity maps calculated using the recorded digital holograms. From the latter phase maps, the refractive index and the density field can be derived. A model was developed that approaches the density distribution, in particular the ellipsoidal expansion characteristics. The induced shock wave has an ellipsoid shape that approaches a sphere for decreasing spot diameter. The ellipsoidal shock waves have almost the same centre offset towards the laser beam and the same aspect ratio for different time steps. The model facilitates the derivation of the particle velocity field. The method provides valuable quantitative results that are discussed, in particular in comparison with the simpler point source explosion theory.

  • 37.
    Amer, Eynas
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Gren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Kaplan, Alexander
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.
    Sjödahl, Mikael
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Shaer, M. El
    Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University.
    Comparison of the laser ablation process on Zn and Ti using pulsed digital holographic interferometry2010In: Applied Surface Science, ISSN 0169-4332, E-ISSN 1873-5584, Vol. 256, no 14, p. 4633-4641Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pulsed digital holographic interferometry has been used to compare the laser ablation process of a Q-switched Nd-YAG laser pulse (wavelength 1064 nm, pulse duration 12 ns) on two different metals (Zn and Ti) under atmospheric air pressure. Digital holograms were recorded for different time delays using collimated laser light (532 nm) passed through the volume along the target. Numerical data of the integrated refractive index field were calculated and presented as phase maps. Intensity maps were calculated from the recorded digital holograms and are used to calculate the attenuation of the probing laser beam by the ablated plume. The different structures of the plume, namely streaks normal to the surface for Zn in contrast to absorbing regions for Ti, indicates that different mechanisms of laser ablation could happen for different metals for the same laser settings and surrounding gas. At a laser fluence of 5 J/cm2, phase explosion appears to be the ablation mechanism in case of Zn, while for Ti normal vaporisation seems to be the dominant mechanism.

  • 38.
    Amer, Eynas
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Gren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Ramser, Kerstin
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Sjödahl, Mikael
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Measurement of selective species concentration using spectroscopic holography2018In: Speckle 2018: VII International Conference on Speckle Metrology / [ed] M. Kujawińska ; L. R. Jaroszewicz, SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, 2018, Vol. 10834, article id 108340PConference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Spectroscopic holography refers to techniques in which the detected hologram contains information about specific species in the medium under study. In general, at least two lasers are required with wavelengths chosen carefully to fit the interaction process utilized. In this process, energy from the shorter wavelength laser beam is transferred to the longer wavelength coherently through the process of stimulated emission. Two interaction mechanisms are considered; Stimulated Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) and Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), which both are species specific with the ability of coherent interaction. In this paper, the fundamental properties of spectroscopic holography is presented and demonstrated with a few idealized experiments. These validation experiments are performed in a gas chamber in which different gases may be blended and the gas pressure changed between 1-12 bars. In addition, two examples of applications are presented. In the first set of experiments, LIF holography is used to image light absorption and laser heating in a dye simultaneously. The second set of experiments is performed in a ow of methane gas. It is demonstrated that the combination of holographic phase measurements and SRS gain images may be used for calibration. This calibration may further be used to measure absolute concentration in a burning flame.

  • 39.
    Amer, Eynas
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Gren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Sjödahl, Mikael
    Laser-ablation-induced refractive index fields studied using pulsed digital holographic interferometry2009In: Optics and lasers in engineering, ISSN 0143-8166, E-ISSN 1873-0302, Vol. 47, no 7-8, p. 793-799Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pulsed digital holographic interferometry has been used to investigate the plume and the shock wave generated in the ablation process of a Q-switched Nd-YAG (λ=1064 nm and pulse duration=12 ns) laser pulse on a polycrystalline boron nitride (PCBN) target under atmospheric air pressure. A special setup based on two synchronised wavelengths from the same laser for simultaneous processing and measurement has been used. Digital holograms were recorded for different time delays using collimated laser light (λ=532 nm) passed through the volume along the target. Numerical data of the integrated refractive index field were calculated and presented as phase maps showing the propagation of the shock wave and the plume generated by the process. Radon inversion has been used to estimate the 3D refractive index fields measured from the projections assuming rotational symmetry. The shock wave density has been calculated using the point explosion model and the shock wave condition equation and its behaviour with time at different power densities ranging from 1.4 to 9.1 GW/cm2 is presented. Shock front densities have been calculated from the reconstructed refractive index fields using the Gladstone-Dale equation. A comparison of the shock front density calculated from the reconstructed data and that calculated using the point explosion model at different time delays has been done. The comparison shows quite good agreement between the model and the experimental data. Finally the reconstructed refractive index field has been used to estimate the electron number density distribution within the laser-induced plasma. The electron number density behaviour with distance from the target at different power densities and its behaviour with time are shown. The electron number densities are found to be in the order of 1018 cm-3 and decay at a rate of 3×1015 electrons/cm3 ns.

  • 40.
    Amer, Eynas
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Gren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Sjödahl, Mikael
    Pulsed laser ablation studied using digital holographic interferometry2009In: Svenska mekanikdagarna: Södertälje 2009, Stockholm: Svenska nationalkommittén för mekanik , 2009, p. 87-Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 41.
    Amer, Eynas
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Gren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Sjödahl, Mikael
    Shock wave generation in laser ablation studied using pulsed digital holographic interferometry2008In: Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, ISSN 0022-3727, E-ISSN 1361-6463, Vol. 41, no 21Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pulsed digital holographic interferometry has been used to study the shock wave induced by a Q-switched Nd-YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm and pulse duration 12 ns) on a polycrystalline boron nitride (PCBN) ceramic target under atmospheric air pressure. A special setup based on using two synchronized wavelengths from the same laser for processing and measurement simultaneously has been introduced. Collimated laser light (λ = 532 nm) passed through the volume along the target and digital holograms were recorded for different time delays after processing starts. Numerical data of the integrated refractive index field were calculated and presented as phase maps showing the propagation of the shock wave generated by the process. The location of the induced shock wave front was observed for different focusing and time delays. The amount of released energy, i.e. the part of the incident energy of the laser pulse that is eventually converted to a shock wave has been estimated using the point explosion model. The released energy is normalized by the incident laser pulse energy and the energy conversion efficiency between the laser pulse and PCBN target has been calculated at different power densities. The results show that the energy conversion efficiency seems to be constant around 80% at high power densities.

  • 42.
    Amer, Eynas
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Gren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Sjödahl, Mikael
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Single-shot polarization digital holography for recording stimulated Raman scattering signal for time-resolved measurement of gaseous species2017In: Applied Optics, ISSN 1559-128X, E-ISSN 2155-3165, Vol. 56, no 36, p. 10016-10023Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) process is sensitive to the relation between the polarization direction of the two laser beams (the pump and the Stokes) that generate it. In this paper, we made use of the polarization sensitivity of the SRS process and used polarization-resolved pulsed digital holography to record the signal from one single-shot hologram. The pump beam polarization was kept vertical, while the Stokes beam polarization was 45 deg. The two polarization components of the Stokes beam were recorded in a single hologram by blending the Stokes beam with two reference beams with orthogonal polarization on the detector. The two components of the Stokes beam were separated in the Fourier domain, and the corresponding intensity maps were calculated. The vertically polarized component of the Stokes beam was amplified due to the SRS process, while the horizontal component experienced no gain. The difference between the vertically and horizontally polarized intensity maps, respectively, was calculated and Fourier transformed to separate the gain signal in the spatial frequency domain. The method was demonstrated on methane (CH4) gas at a pressure of 12 bars. Results show that SRS polarization holography is a promising technique for recording the SRS signal from one single-shot hologram for time-resolved monitoring of specific species. 

  • 43.
    Amer, Eynas
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Gren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Sjödahl, Mikael
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Stimulated laser induced fluorescence holography for imaging fluorescent species2013In: Optics Communications, ISSN 0030-4018, E-ISSN 1873-0310, Vol. 311, p. 124-128Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper pulsed digital holographic detection is coupled to the stimulated laser induced fluorescence (LIF) effect for imaging fluorescent species. A frequency tripled Q-switched Nd-YAG laser (wavelength 355 nm, pulse duration 12 ns) has been used to pump Coumarin 153 dye solved in ethanol. Simultaneously a frequency doubled pulse (532 nm) from the same laser is used to probe the solvent resulting in a gain through stimulated emission. The resulting gain of the probe beam is recorded using digital holography by blending it with a reference beam on the detector. Intensity maps were calculated from the recorded digital holograms and used to calculate the gain of the probe beam due to stimulated fluorescence emission which is coupled to the concentration of the dye. The results show that the amplification of the probe beam (532 nm) due to stimulated LIF emission is seen in the intensity maps. The gain is about 40% at a dye concentration of 0.32 g/L and decreases to be about 20% at a dye concentration of 0.04 g/L for a probe beam energy density of 0.1 mJ/cm2. Spectroscopic measurements have been carried out to confirm the holographic results. The results show that stimulated LIF holography is a promising technique for quantitative imaging of fluorescent species.

  • 44.
    Amer, Eynas
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Gren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Sjödahl, Mikael
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Stimulated Raman scattering imaging for studying specific species2015In: SPECKLE 2015: VI International Conference on Speckle Metrology : 24-26 August 2015, Guanajuato, México / [ed] Fernando Mendoza Santoyo, Washington: SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, 2015, article id 96600VConference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) signal in diffuse light has been recorded using an optical imaging technique based on spatial modulation. A frequency doubled Q-switched Nd-YAG laser (wavelength 532 nm) has been used to pump a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cylinder. The frequency tripled (355 nm) beam from the same laser is used to pump an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The Stokes beam (from the OPO) has been tuned to 631.27 nm so that the frequency difference between the pump and the Stokes beams fits a Raman active vibrational mode of the PMMA molecule (2956 cm-1). The two laser beams were overlapped in time and space on a PMMA cylinder resulting in a gain of the Stokes beam through the SRS process of about 4.0 %. For separating the SRS signal, the pump beam was spatially modulated with fringes produced in a Michelson interferometer. The gain of the Stokes beam due to SRS was separated from the Stokes beam background in the Fourier domain. The intensity image has been calculated from an inverse Fourier transform of the separated gain signal. The intensity image shows a gain of the Stokes beam at the area of overlap between the pump beam fringes and the Stokes beam compared to the undisturbed surrounding. The results show that spatial modulation of the pump beam is a promising method to separate the weak SRS signal from the Stokes beam background. This technique can be applied to pin-point specific species and record its spatial and temporal distribution

  • 45.
    Amer, Eynas
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Gren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Sjödahl, Mikael
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Stimulated Raman scattering signals recorded by the use of an optical imaging technique2015In: Applied Optics, ISSN 1559-128X, E-ISSN 2155-3165, Vol. 54, no 20, p. 6377-6385Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) signals have been recorded by an optical imaging technique that is based on spatial modulation. A frequency doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) was used to pump a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) target. The frequency tripled (355 nm) beam from the same laser was used to pump an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The Stokes beam (from the OPO) was tuned to 631.27 nm so that the frequency difference between the pump and the Stokes beams fit the Raman active vibrational mode of the PMMA molecule (2956 cm(-1)). The pump beam has been spatially modulated with fringes produced in a Michelson interferometer. The pump and the Stokes beams were overlapped on the target resulting in a gain of the Stokes beam of roughly 2.5% and a corresponding loss of the pump beam through the SRS process. To demodulate the SRS signal, two images of the Stokes beam without and with the pump beam fringes present were recorded. The difference between these two images was calculated and Fourier transformed. Then, the gain of the Stokes beam was separated from the background in the Fourier domain. The results show that spatial modulation of the pump beam is a promising method to separate the weak SRS signal from the background.

  • 46.
    Amer, Eynas
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Gren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Sjödahl, Mikael
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    UV laser interaction with a fluorescent dye solution studied using pulsed digital holography2013In: Optics Express, E-ISSN 1094-4087, Vol. 21, no 21, p. 25316-25323Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A frequency tripled Q-switched Nd-YAG laser (wavelength 355 nm, pulse duration 12 ns) has been used to pump Coumarin 153 dye solved in ethanol. Simultaneously, a frequency doubled pulse (532 nm) from the same laser is used to probe the solvent perpendicularly resulting in a gain through stimulated laser induced fluorescence (LIF) emission. The resulting gain of the probe beam is recorded using digital holography by blending it with a reference beam on the detector. Two digital holograms without and with the pump beam were recorded. Intensity maps were calculated from the recorded digital holograms and used to calculate the gain of the probe beam due to the stimulated LIF. In addition numerical data of the local temperature rise was calculated from the corresponding phase maps using Radon inversion. It was concluded that about 15% of the pump beam energy is transferred to the dye solution as heat while the rest is consumed in the radiative process. The results show that pulsed digital holography is a promising technique for quantitative study of fluorescent species

  • 47.
    Amer, Eynas
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Stenvall, Jonas
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Gren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Sjödahl, Mikael
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Stimulated LIF studied using pulsed digital holography and modelling2013In: Optical Measurement Systems for Industrial Inspection VIII / [ed] Peter H. Lehmann; Wolfgang Osten; Armando Albertazzi, SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, 2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A frequency tripled Q-switched Nd-YAG laser (wavelength 355 nm, pulse duration 12 ns) has been used to pump Coumarin 153 dye solved in ethanol. The laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectrum has been recorded using a spectrometer at different dye concentrations. The frequency doubled 532 nm beam from the same laser is used as a probe beam to pass through the excited volume of the dye. Because of stimulated emission an increase of the probe (532 nm) beam energy is recorded and a reduction of the spontaneous fluorescence spectrum intensity is observed. A model was developed that approaches the trend of the gain as a function of the probe beam energy at low dye concentrations (less than 0.08 g/L). The stimulated LIF is further recorded using digital holography. Digital holograms were recorded for different dye concentrations using collimated laser light (532 nm) passed through the dye volume. Two holograms without and with the UV laser beam were recorded. Intensity maps were calculated from the recorded digital holograms and are used to calculate the gain of the green laser beam due to the stimulated fluorescence emission which is coupled to the dye concentration. The gain of the coherent 532 nm beam is seen in the intensity maps and its value is about 40% for a dye concentration of 0.32 g/L and decreases with the decrease of the dye concentration. The results show that pulsed digital holography can be coupled to the stimulated LIF effect for imaging fluorescent species

  • 48. Andersson, A.
    et al.
    Fernberg, P.
    Sjödahl, Mikael
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Optical methods to study fracture of notched glass mat composites2000In: Proceedings / International Conference on Trends in Optical Nondestructive Testing: May 3 - 5, 2000, Hotel de la Paix, Lugano, Switzerland / [ed] Pramod K. Rostagi, Lugano: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 2000Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 49.
    Andersson, Angelica
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Combined speckle interferometry and speckle correlation for non-destructive testing2000Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    When a sample is studied during loading in a tensile test machine, the sample is often exposed to rigid body motions during loading at the same time as it deforms due to tension. Therefore, the small deformation field is hard, or impossible, to measure when it is overlaid by a large motion. The large rigid body motions can be measured with methods like speckle correlation (also called digital speckle photography, DSP), but the results might be of too poor accuracy to resolve the deformation field. Interferometric methods on the other hand might measure the deformation field but the rigid body motion makes the fringes disappear. In this thesis a method is presented that makes it possible to master such measuring situations, by a combination of speckle correlation and speckle interferometry (also called TV holography, ESPI or DSPI). Both theory and experiments are presented. It is shown that speckle correlation can determine the speckle motion in the recording in order to determine the small deformation field in the interferometric algorithm. Speckle correlation can also be used to determine the amount of shear in shearography allowing a quantitative determination of the spatial derivative of the deformation field.

  • 50.
    Andersson, Angelica
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Non-destructive inspection of structures1999In: Advanced materials and processes, affordabilities for the new age: proceedings of the 20th International SAMPE Europe Conference of the Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering, Paris, La Défense, April 13th - 15th, 1999 / [ed] Markus A Erath, Niederglatt: SAMPE , 1999Conference paper (Refereed)
1234567 1 - 50 of 1347
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