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  • 1.
    Aardal, Karen
    et al.
    Department of Mathematics, Linköping Institute of Technology.
    Ari, Aysen
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Decomposition principles applied to the dynamic production and work-force scheduling problem1987Ingår i: Engineering Costs and Production Economics, ISSN 0167-188X, E-ISSN 1878-4011, Vol. 12, nr 1-4, s. 39-49Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the most important problems in the production and inventory planning field, is the scheduling of production and work force in a dynamic environment. Although this problem can be formulated as a linear program, it is often quite difficult to solve directly, due to its large scale. Instead, it might be fruitful to use a decomposition approach. Decomposition, in general, means decomposing a difficult problem into several easier, or a sequence of easier problems which are later coordinated to reconstruct the original problem.In this report we discuss several possibilities of applying the most common decomposition principles, namely Benders (primal) and Datnzig-Wolfe (dual), as well as a relatively new decomposition method, called cross decomposition, to the dynamic, multiproduct production and employment planning problem. A number of special cases are also presented.

  • 2.
    Aardal, Karen
    et al.
    CORE, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
    Ari, Aysen
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    On the resemblance between the Kornai-Liptak and cross decomposition techniques for block-angular linear programs1990Ingår i: European Journal of Operational Research, ISSN 0377-2217, E-ISSN 1872-6860, Vol. 46, nr 3, s. 393-398Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper the resemblance is demonstrated between the master- and subproblems generated by the Kornai-Liptak algorithm and the subproblems obtained by using the cross decomposition method on linear optimization problems with block-angular structure. The significance of the similarity between these two algorithms becomes apparent considering the main disadvantage attributed to cross decomposition. In cross decomposition a master problem has to be solved from time to time since the subproblems alone do not always give a converging sequence of primal and dual solutions. But if the cross decomposition algorithm is modified in such a way that the successive primal and dual subproblem solutions are taken into consideration with equal weights, this results in the Kornai-Liptak algorithm for which convergence is guaranteed

  • 3.
    Aarrevaara, Timo
    et al.
    Helsingfors Universitet.
    Berg, Elisabeth
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Higher Education and Research: Who should pay?2014Rapport (Refereegranskat)
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  • 4.
    Aarrevaara, Timo
    et al.
    Helsingfors Universitet.
    Berg, Elisabeth
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Introduction2014Ingår i: Higher Education and Research in Academe: Who should pay?, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2014, s. 11-17Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
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  • 5.
    Aas, Gro Hanne
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Kvinneforskningspolitiske (pr)øvelser1999Licentiatavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [no]

    Målsettingen for licentiatuppsatsen er å analysere nordisk kvinneforsknings formuleringer av forskningspolitiske felter, problemstillinger og utfordringer, og gjennom kontakt og diskusjon bidra til samarbeid, diskusjoner og offentlighet om forskingspolitikk i kvinneforskning. Arbeidet har tatt utgangspunkt i relativt nytt materiale fra Danmark, Norge og Sverige. I kap. 1 presenteres prosjektet, problemstillinger og materiale. Kapitlene 2-6 består av innledninger og artikler holdt eller skrevet i løpet av de to senaste åren. Diskusjoner om kjønn og akademia står i fokus i kap. 2 - "Universities have politics". I kap. 3, artikkelen "Gamle og nye drømmer", diskuteres et kvinneforskningspolitiske intervensjonsprosjekt som blev utført for en del år tilbake, og det antydes noen nye omdreiningspunkter for et slikt arbeid. Enkelte perspektiver utdypes i kap. 4, "Kvinneforskningens samfunnskontrakt", hvor termen "kvinneperspektiv" som forskningspolitisk term granskas krtitiskt. De to siste kapitlene tar utgangspunkt i den norske forskningsmeldingen som kom våren 1999. Ut fra tre lesestrategier forsøkes det leses muligheter for kvinneforskningspolitiske strategier. Det ses også på innholdet i regjeringens forskningspolitiske verdidebatt, og det diskuteres mulige intervensjoner i denne ut fra feministiske vitenskaps- og teknologistudier.

  • 6.
    Aava, Nils
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Ericson, Ronald
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Esberg, Lars
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Belysning i bilverkstäder: förslag till belysningsplanering1979Rapport (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 7.
    Abdollahpour, N.
    et al.
    Department of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran.
    Helali, Faramarz
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle.
    Hoseini, M.A.
    Department of Rehabilitation Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran.
    Ghomshe, F. Tabatabaei
    Department of Industrial Engineering, Institute for Higher Education of Kar, Qhazvin.
    Ziarani, M. Hamzeiyan
    Department of Industrial Engineering, Institute for Higher Education of Kar, Qhazvin.
    Peysepar, S.
    HSE Unit of MAPNA Turbine Blade Engineering and Manufacturing Company-PARTO, Karaj.
    An improving working condition system (health, safety and ergonomics) survey and analysis with macroergonomics approach in a manufacturing company from Iran Power Plant Industry in 20102013Ingår i: Iran Occupational Health, ISSN 1735-5133, E-ISSN 2228-7493, Vol. 10, nr 4, s. 55-64Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and aims: World experience has shown the positive effect of applying ergonomics in improving work conditions, of quality and quantity of production, reducing prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, saving costs and increase of productivity in the different contents. These are possible only with utilizing properly improving work condition system and Macroergonomics approach. The aim of the study was how determine situation and analyzing the working conditions using the macroergonomics approach in a Power Plant Industry. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. First, the program for improvement of work conditions were evaluated using three questionnaires including managers viewpoint (29 samples), health, safety and environment employees viewpoint (5 samples) and operating workers viewpoint (85 samples) and then three other instruments of macroergonomics were used. Results: According to the results of 1) questionnaires and corresponding tests, three of the program's goals of improving working conditions and promotion practices that have the same opinions, but in some cases had different opinions. 2) Future workshops and interviews, the lack of participatory leadership and lack of collaborative work systems for the company stated. 3) Apply ergonomics checklist of ILO, an appropriate interaction between the top and bottom surfaces revealed. Conclusion: Awakened needs of change in the middle and lower levels of organization to solve problems relate to improving working conditions of the system was created. To implement an Ergonomics Intervention Programme Technique Process requires the full support management and employees.

  • 8.
    Abdollahpour, Nosrat
    et al.
    Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz.
    Dastranj, Farahnaz
    Occupational Health, International Campus of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences (IC-SSUMS) Yazd – Iran.
    Helali, Faramarz
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Ziarani, M. Hamzeian
    Zeiaei, M.
    Stress Prevention at Work Checkpoints: Practical improvements for stress prevention the workplace2016 (uppl. Free)Bok (Övrig (populärvetenskap, debatt, mm))
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  • 9.
    Abdollahpour, Nosrat
    et al.
    Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran.
    Helali, Faramarz
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Implementing 'Awakened Need of Change' for Applying Ergonomics to Work System with Macroergonomics Approach in an Industrially Derveloping Country and its Meta-Reflection2016Ingår i: Journal of Ergonomics, E-ISSN 2165-7556, Vol. 6, nr 6, artikel-id 182Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
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  • 10.
    Abdollahpour, Nosrat
    et al.
    Department of Occupational Health Engineering and Ergonomics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
    Helali, Faramarz
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, Människa och teknik.
    Implementing Practical Ergonomics Knowledge Transfer Using Ergonomic Checkpoints to Support the Participatory Ergonomics Process in an Industrially Developing Country2022Ingår i: IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors, ISSN 2472-5838, Vol. 10, nr 2, s. 59-70Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Implementing ergonomics principles in workplaces requires good knowledge transfer with the participation of professionals, workers, and managers.

    Purpose: This study aimed to investigate practical ergonomics knowledge transfer to support the participatory ergonomics process that could lead problem identification and the implementation and development of feasible and low-cost solutions.

    Methods: This was action research on the type of intervention and conducted in four phases. Accordingly, 106 participants from different organizational levels of a manufacturing company, facilitated by an ergonomist by forming 14 action groups, were involved in practical ergonomics knowledge transfer to identify and solve problems of work divisions. Participant reflections were obtained through interviews and field notes.

    Results: The results contributed to the presentation of 145 solutions to improve working conditions by the action groups. Most solutions were low-cost and 57.5% were implemented. The interviews showed the development of a participation culture, learning and institutionalizing ergonomics principles in practice, and improving competence in identifying problems and implementing solutions.

    Conclusions: The key findings were achieved by the participatory ergonomics intervention approach through different tactics of participant engagement, including a pushing tactic for intentional learning and a pulling tactic for voluntary learning, which resulted in the improvement of working conditions and promotion of a participatory culture.

  • 11.
    Abdollahpour, Nosrat
    et al.
    Department of Occupational Health and Ergonomics, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
    Helali, Faramarz
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, Människa och teknik.
    Rasoulzadeh, Yahya
    Department of Occupational Health and Ergonomics, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Iranian Traffic Injuries Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
    Hassankhani, Hadi
    Centre of Qualitative Studies, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
    Barriers and Challenges to Human Factors/Ergonomics Knowledge Transfer to Small Business Enterprises in an Industrially Developing Country2023Ingår i: IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors, ISSN 2472-5838, Vol. 11, nr 1-2, s. 14-31Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATION

    We found that small business enterprises (SBEs) face intra- and extra-organizational barriers in different dimensions related to their work system to practically implement human factors/ergonomics (HFE) knowledge transfer and to achieve its benefits in an industrially developing country. Utilizing a three-zone lens, we evaluated the feasibility of overcoming the barriers identified by stakeholders, especially ergonomists. To overcome the identified barriers in practice, three types of macroergonomics interventions (top-down, middle-out, and bottom-up) were distinguished through macroergonomics theory. The bottom-up approach of macroergonomics, as a participatory HFE intervention, was considered as the entry point to overcome the perceived barriers in the first zone of the lens, which included such themes as lack of competence, lack of involvement and interaction, and inefficient training and learning approaches. This approach focused on improving emotional literacy as a care zone among the small business enterprise personnel.

    TECHNICAL ABSTRACT

    Background: The human factors/ergonomics (HFE) knowledge transfer process is one of the potential challenges for organizations in industrially developing countries (IDCs), especially in small business enterprises (SBEs).

    Purpose: We explored perceived barriers and challenges to the practical implementation of HFE knowledge transfer to SBEs in Iran, as an IDC, to improve their work systems.

    Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using a conventional content analysis. To identify perceived barriers, we conducted individual interviews (n = 38) and a focus-group discussion (n = 17) with the participation of the SBEs personnel and the officials of related organizations. Inductive content analysis was used for data analysis. We then categorized the identified perceived barriers (themes) to determine the feasibility of overcoming them.

    Results: Regarding perceived barriers, the following nine themes were extracted: lack of competence, resistance to change, technological infrastructure problems, lack of involvement and interaction, using an inappropriate mode of knowledge, lack of culture-building about HFE, inefficient training and learning approaches, lack of scientific management, and extra-organizational problems. Further, a three-zone lens was identified for the extracted themes to check the feasibility of overcoming them.

    Conclusions: We identified nine intra- and extra-organizational barriers in the HFE knowledge transfer process to SBEs. We further evaluated the ways of overcoming perceived barriers defined in the three-zone lens to adapt them for building creative workplace culture zones (care, creative, and improvement). We distinguished three types of macroergonomics interventions (top-down, middle-out, and bottom-up) and three supporting strategies, including, knowledge, management and employees, and participatory HFE.

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  • 12.
    Abdollahpour, Nosrat
    et al.
    Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil.
    Helali, Faramarz
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Ziaei, M
    Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz.
    Hamzeian, M
    Department of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran.
    Keikhamoghadam, AA
    Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz.
    Gholamnia, R
    Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Safety and environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
    Ghaffari, A
    HSE Unit of National Iranian Gas Company, Tehran, Iran.
    Assessment of risk factors and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders by QEC and Body Map operational units of the gas refinery in Iran and its Meta-Reflection2016Ingår i: Journal of Health, ISSN 2382-9710, Vol. 7, nr 1, s. 35-50, artikel-id 7Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the risk factors and the prevalence of WMSDs disorders using QEC and Body Map techniques in operational units took a gas refineries and its Meta-Reflection.Method and Material: This case study assessed 254 operators in three distinct phases. First, 72 workstation posture was evaluated by using of QEC. Secondly was intended for employees of WMSDs were assessed using by Body Map. After conducting interview with relevant directors, the effectiveness of such studies has been analyzed through Meta-Reflection.Results: Based on results came from QEC survey, the operators’ average scores was %53/8. Moreover, results of Body Map assessment showed that the highest organs of WMSDs were back and knee extrusions (47% and 46% respectively). Also, lack of ergonomics policy and plan within refinery has demonstrated by interviews. Meta-Reflection, on the other hand, showed that because of incomplete learning cycles in the mentioned surveys which only provide WMSDs’ status, workstations’ ergonomics condition, and introduce expert based solutions. Thus, such surveys not only have incomplete study plan, but also have less impact on improving overall health, safety and ergonomics within this organization.Conclusion: This research proves that non-ergonomic conditions result in awkward postures and subsequent physical disorders. Overall, this study has showed a gap from this kind of the work on the learning cycles at organizational levels, a trend should be considered to interactive research work on the workplaces with improved and promoted system ergonomics attitude.

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  • 13.
    Abdul-Jalbar, Beatriz
    et al.
    Universidad de La Laguna.
    Segerstedt, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Industriell Ekonomi.
    Sicilia, Joaquín
    Universidad de La Laguna.
    Nilsson, Andreas
    A new heuristic to solve the one-warehouse N-retailer problem2010Ingår i: Computers & Operations Research, ISSN 0305-0548, E-ISSN 1873-765X, Vol. 37, nr 2, s. 265-272Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We deal with a multi-echelon inventory system in which one warehouse supplies an item to multiple retailers. Customer demand arrives at each retailer at a constant rate. The retailers replenish their inventories from the warehouse that in turn orders from an outside supplier. It is assumed that shortages are not allowed and lead times are negligible. The goal is to determine replenishment policies that minimize the overall cost in the system. We develop a heuristic to compute efficient policies, which also can easily be used in a spreadsheet application. The main idea consists of finding a balance between the replenishment and the inventory holding costs at each installation. This new heuristic we compare with two other approaches proposed in the literature; the computational studies show that in most of the instances generated the new method provides lower costs.

  • 14.
    Abeysekera, John
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Diversified design needs of personal protective devices and clothing in cold climate: an example in the design needs of protective outdoor winter shoes2000Ingår i: Ergonomics of protective clothing: proceedings of NOKOBETEF 6 and 1st European conference on protective clothing held in Stockholm,Sweden, May 7-10, 2000 / [ed] Kalev Kuklane; Ingvar Holmér, Stockholm: Arbetslivsinstitutet , 2000, s. 62-66Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 15.
    Abeysekera, John
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Ergonomic problems outside work establishments in industrially developing countries: an example from Sri Lanka1997Ingår i: From experience to innovation: proceedings of the 13th triennial congress of the International Ergonomics Association, June 29 - July 4, 1997, Tampere, Finland / [ed] Pentt Seppälä, Taylor and Francis Group , 1997, s. 63-65Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 16.
    Abeysekera, John
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Ergonomics aspects of personal protective devices1993Ingår i: Occupational and environmental economics / [ed] Rabindra Nath Sen; Haripada Chattopadhyay; Subir Das, Indian Society of Ergonomics. , 1993, s. 109-114Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of a personal protective device (ppd) is a widely accepted method of safeguarding workers from occupational hazards in industrialized countries (IC) and an important method employed in developing countries (DC). Though protection is assured if the devices are worn constantly, it is unfortunate that due to discomfort and inconvenience, the majority of those exposed to hazards do not wear them. DCs which mainly import ppds from ICs are confronting many ergonomics problems, because the equipment designed for IC conditions is inappropriate for use in DCs, due to significant differences in user body sizes, environments and working methods. A questionnaire survey conducted among ppd manufacturers in 11 ICs revealed that 90% followed standards in manufacturing. Another survey conducted among health and safety authorities who responded on behalf of ppd users in 35 DCs revealed that the most common ergonomic causes of non-use are stresses from hotness, weight, improper fit and obstruction at work. While manufacturers place greater emphasis in the protection performance of the equipment, users in DCs refuse to wear it because the comfort needs are not fulfilled. Developing ergonomics standards for ppds seems to be a feasible way of persuading the manufacturers to provide ergonomic values in ppds. The need for maximum allowable comfort in the design, taking into consideration the user characteristics and protection factor is emphasized. To overcome the inherent discomforts that are extremely difficult to reduce without compromising the protection efficiency of a ppd, the principle of user adaptation seems to be a very important facet which has to be developed. A case study on safety helmets is reported. The use of a personal protective device (ppd) is a widely accepted method of safeguarding workers from occupational hazards in industrialized countries (IC) and an important method employed in developing countries (DC). Though protection is assured if the devices are worn constantly, it is unfortunate that due to discomfort and inconvenience, the majority of those exposed to hazards do not wear them. DCs which mainly import ppds from ICs are confronting many ergonomics problems, because the equipment designed for IC conditions is inappropriate for use in DCs, due to significant differences in user body sizes, environments and working methods. A questionnaire survey conducted among ppd manufacturers in 11 ICs revealed that 90% followed standards in manufacturing. Another survey conducted among health and safety authorities who responded on behalf of ppd users in 35 DCs revealed that the most common ergonomic causes of non-use are stresses from hotness, weight, improper fit and obstruction at work. While manufacturers place greater emphasis in the protection performance of the equipment, users in DCs refuse to wear it because the comfort needs are not fulfilled. Developing ergonomics standards for ppds seems to be a feasible way of persuading the manufacturers to provide ergonomic values in ppds. The need for maximum allowable comfort in the design, taking into consideration the user characteristics and protection factor is emphasized. To overcome the inherent discomforts that are extremely difficult to reduce without compromising the protection efficiency of a ppd, the principle of user adaptation seems to be a very important facet which has to be developed. A case study on safety helmets is reported.

  • 17.
    Abeysekera, John
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Human factors of personal protective devices1998Ingår i: Global ergonomics: proceedings of the Ergonomics Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, 9-11 September 1998 / [ed] Pat A. Scott; R.S. Bridger; Jack Charteris, 1998, s. 157-164Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 18.
    Abeysekera, John
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Masters program in ergonomics at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden2000Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, ISSN 0169-8141, E-ISSN 1872-8219, Vol. 26, nr 5, s. 569-570Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 19.
    Abeysekera, John
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Some ergonomics issues in the design of personal protective devices1992Ingår i: Performance of protective clothing: fourth volume / [ed] Norman W, Henry; James P. McBriarty, Philadelphia, Pa.: ASTM International, 1992, s. 651-659Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of personal protective devices (ppd) is an important method to safeguard workers from occupational hazards both in industrialized and developing countries. Surveys have indicated that majority of those exposed to hazards are reluctant to use ppd because they are uncomfortable for such reasons as hotness, heaviness, ill fit, inconvenient, etc. Investigations have revealed that user-centered designs which satisfy the human factors needs of ppd, can reverse this trend and make ppd more acceptable. Because a questionnaire survey has shown that manufacturers are more inclined to adhere to standards, developing ergonomic standards seems to be a feasible method to persuade the manufacturers to provide the user needs in the design. Any unavoidable discomforts in ppd can be controlled by adaptation of users to ppd wearing.  

  • 20.
    Abeysekera, John
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    The 10th Anniversary Ergonomics Conference, 29-30 October, 1999 Luleå University of Technology, Sweden2000Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, ISSN 0169-8141, E-ISSN 1872-8219, Vol. 36, nr 5, s. 571-572Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 21.
    Abeysekera, John
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    The use of personal protective clothing and devices in the cold environment1992Rapport (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [sv]

    Då personlig skyddsutrustning (Personal Protective Devices, ppd) används i kallt klimat blir problemen med användarvänlighet mer påtagliga eftersom ppd måste bäras utanpå skyddskläder mot kyla. Forskningen inom området ergonomiska aspekter på ppd i kallt klimat har på senare tid varit bristfällig. Den ppd som idag används i kallt klimat uppfyller inte kraven på användarvänlighet vilket har resulterat i obekväma kläder, skador, oanvändbara kläder samt ett minskat användande av ppd bland utomhusarbetare, speciellt i extremt kalla områden såsom artiska länder. En preliminär studie gjordes angående användningen av ppd i kallt klimat och omfattade de litteraturkartläggning, en enkätundersökning gjord bland utomhusarbetare samt informationssökning genom besök hos relevanta forskningsinstitut, diskussioner med forskare och deltagande i konferenser. Litteratursökningen, som utfördes i sex databaser, gav mycket nyttig information om de speciella områden där det finns problem med användarbarheten hos ppd liksom användbar information om forskningsmetoder. Enkätundersökningen, som utfördes i Luleå regionen, bekräftade att arbetarna ställdes inför många problem vid användande av ppd i kallt klimat. Enligt vad som framkommit i denna studie är de tre viktigaste typerna av ppd skyddshandskar, skyddsskor och skyddshjälmar vilka diskuteras i denna rapport. Det finns ett stort behov av forskning inom området ergonomiska faktorer på ppd som används i kallt klimat där en förbättring av användarvänligheten hos skyddsutrustningen är ett mål.

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  • 22.
    Abeysekera, John
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Barabash, V.
    Human factors of clothing and work-wear: a review1994Ingår i: Proceedings: Second International Congress on Physiological Anthropology : September 12 - 16, 1994, University of Kiel, Germany, Kiel: German Society of Physiological Anthropology , 1994, s. 137-142Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    An extraordinarily large share of research carried out in the near past on clothing comfort has been in the area of thermal comfort. Accordingly standards, norms and guidelines on thermal requirements of work-wear have been developed. Through behavioural adjustments people have learned to achieve thermal comfort even if the work clothes have slight deficiencies in thermal characteristics. It is beyond doubt that the thermal characteristics need careful consideration in the manufacture of work clothes. At the same time one must be aware that other human factors can also influence the overall wearability of clothing. This paper reviews the wearability and comfort of the clothing and work-wear to provide better understanding of the priorities in user needs in work clothes which can help plan future research and the need for new standards

  • 23.
    Abeysekera, John D.
    Division of Occupational Hygiene, Department of Labour, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    Thermal environment and subjective discomfort of glass-factory workers in Sri Lanka1981Ingår i: Journal of Human Ergology, ISSN 0300-8134, Vol. 10, nr 2, s. 185-192Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 24.
    Abeysekera, John D. A.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Bergquist, Karin
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    The need for research on human factors regarding personal protective devices in the cold environment1996Ingår i: Performance of protective clothing / [ed] James S. Johnson; S.Z. Mansdorf, West Conshohocken, Pa: ASTM International, 1996, Vol. 5Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The human factors or wearability needs of personal protective devices (ppd) and clothing (ppc) worn in the cold environment become more important as they must compromise with, and be adapted to, the clothing worn for cold protection. The occupational risks among outdoor workers in the cold can be aggravated if the wearability demands of ppd are not met. Failure to adequately meet user needs in currently used ppd in the cold environment has resulted in discomfort, injury, non-use and performance decrement among outdoor workers, particularly in the extreme cold regions. A preliminary study consisting of a literature survey in popular data bases and questionnaire survey among users of ppd, were carried out to ascertain what studies have already been conducted in this area and whether a wearability problem really exists among users, respectively. The literature revealed some specific areas where wearability problems exist and some research carried out on methods of testing of ergonomic characteristics of ppd. The questionnaire among ppd users in the cold climate confirmed that the workers do confront many inadequacies in the use of ppd. A case study carried out on ergonomic demands of safety shoes in the cold climate among users, manufacturers and experts revealed a similar trend of demands and priorities in ergonomics of shoes among all three groups. From the findings of the preliminary study it can be concluded that human factors research in ppd and particularly ppd worn on body extremities, viz. safety helmets, shoes and gloves, for use in the cold environment, seem urgent. Some research needs in the development of methods of testing for ppd evaluation are suggested.

  • 25.
    Abeysekera, John D. A.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Adaptation to discomfort in personal protective devices: an example with safety helmets1990Ingår i: Ergonomics, ISSN 0014-0139, E-ISSN 1366-5847, Vol. 33, nr 2, s. 137-145Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Discomfort in the use of personal protective devices (PPD) has been one of the chief causes of their non-use. A field trial using industrial helmets was carried out to ascertain whether by training and repeated wearing subjects could experience a significant adaptation to discomfort. Ten subjects took part in the trial in a tropical environment by wearing helmets repeatedly (6 h a day) for one month. Subjective evaluations of discomfort were made at the end of the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 14th and 30th day. It was revealed that complaints of discomfort, viz. hotness, heaviness, bad fit, etc., decreased markedly throughout the 30 day period. Though positive responses of adaptation to discomfort seem to reach an optimum towards 30 days, it is difficult to draw any conclusions on the optimum period of adaptation for each discomfort factor. In relation to inherent discomforts that are extremely difficult to overcome without compromising the protection efficiency of a PPD, the principle of adaptation seems to be a very important facet which has to be developed for an effective PPD programme.

  • 26.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    A comparative study of body size variability between people in industrialised countries and industrially developing countries, its impact on the use of imported goods1987Ingår i: Ergonomics in developing countries: international symposium : proceedings : Jakarta, Indonesia, 18-21 November 1985, Geneva: Arkansas Philological Association, 1987, s. 65-91Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 27.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Ergonomic aspects of personal protective devices in industrially developing countries1989Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 28.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Ergonomics and technology transfer1990Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, ISSN 0169-8141, E-ISSN 1872-8219, Vol. 5, nr 2, s. 181-184Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 29. Abeysekera, John D.A.
    Ergonomics for effective collaboration1997Ingår i: African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, ISSN 0788-4877, nr 2, s. 27-Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 30.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    The Need for National and International Ergonomics Standards for Personal Protective Devices1989Ingår i: Advances in industrial ergonomics and safety 1: proceedings of the annual International Industrial Ergonomics and Safety Conference held in Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A., 5-9 June 1989 / [ed] Anil Mital, London: Taylor and Francis Group , 1989, s. 809-816Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 31.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Holmér, Ingvar
    National Institute for Working Life.
    Dupuis, Christer
    Heat transfer characteristics of industrial safety helmets1991Ingår i: Towards human work: solutions to problems in occupational health and safety, London: Taylor and Francis Group , 1991, s. 297-303Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Övrig (populärvetenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 32.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Khan, Z.
    Slipping and falling accidents on icy surfaces: a case study from northern Sweden1998Ingår i: Problems with cold work: proceedings from an international symposium held in Stockholm, Sweden, November 16-20, 1997 / [ed] Ingvar Holmér; Kalev Kuklane, Solna: Arbetslivsinstitutet , 1998, s. 201-204Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 33.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Liu, Xiaoxiong
    A Scandinavian perspective on human factors testing of personal protective devices1997Ingår i: Performance of protective clothing: sixth volume ; [papers presented at the Sixth International Symposium on the Performance of Protective Clothing: Emerging Protection Technologies held in Orlando, Florida on 18 - 19 June 1996] / [ed] Jeffrey O. Stull; Arthur D. Schwope, West Conshohocken, Pa: ASTM International, 1997, s. 283-292Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Testing for protection performance and human factors in personal protective devices (PPD) can be undertaken using a standardised methodology. The standardised methodology for performance testing is used for the certification of PPD. However, it is unfortunate that methods of testing for human factors and wearability of PPD are scarce, and even the methods that do exist are not always refined or standardised. In both hot and cold environments, thermal comfort is an important user need of PPD. To test the thermal characteristics of PPD, methods providing objective data are available, yet they are not always standardised. An exception exists for insulation testing of clothing, for which standardised methods have been developed. The fit of PPD is also a priority need among wearers. Clothing fit is often tested subjectively. The objective methods developed to test the fit of PPD and clothing again require refinement and standardisation. Wearability of PPD urgently requires the development and standardisation of both objective and subjective testing methods. This paper provides insights into some testing methods on human factors of PPD that have been particularly useful over the years.

  • 34.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    A brief guide to questionnaire design: with examples from ergonomics1985Rapport (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 35.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    A head-model reconstruction based upon photogrammetric data from Sri Lankan adult males relevant to the design of headgear1989Ingår i: Journal of Human Ergology, ISSN 0300-8134, Vol. 18, nr 2, s. 199-211Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Due to the large variability in heads and faces in one population, the standard anthropometric dimensions of the head, measured from anatomical landmarks alone, may not suffice for the design of fitting headgear, e.g., helmets. To provide adequate data of the shapes and contours of the head to the designer, appropriate head models sculptured using comprehensive head dimensions, must be developed. This paper describes (a) a procedure of collecting comprehensive anthropometric data of the head using a photogrammetric method and (b) a simple sculpturing technique to reconstruct a head model of the user population

  • 36.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Body size data of Sri Lankan workers and their variability with other populations in the world: its impact on the use of imported goods1987Ingår i: Journal of Human Ergology, ISSN 0300-8134, Vol. 16, nr 2, s. 193-208Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 37.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Body size variability between people in developed and developing countries and its impact on the use of imported goods1989Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, ISSN 0169-8141, E-ISSN 1872-8219, Vol. 4, nr 2, s. 139-149Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The Industrially Developing Countries (IDC) today, to a great extent, depend on Industrialized Countries (IC) for the supply of most industrial goods. An attempt has been made to ascertain the degree of design incompatibility experienced by users of these imported goods due to differences in the body sizes of people in producer and user countries. A comparative study of variations in body sizes is made from data available in literature and from anthropometric surveys. The results reveal differences in almost every part of the human body. The need for reliable anthropometric data in respect of IDC is stressed. Urgent measures are required to introduce changes in equipment, particularly for the benefit of users in IDC.

  • 38.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Effect of the hot environment on man1988Ingår i: International Symposium on Work in a Hot Environment and Heat Related Disorders, Khartoum 27-31 Jan. 1988, 1988Konferensbidrag (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 39.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Ergonomic evaluation of modified industrial safety helmets for use in tropical environments1988Ingår i: Ergonomics International 88: proceedings of the tenth congress of the International Ergonomics Association, 1-5 August 1988, Sydney, Australia / [ed] Austen S. Adams, London: Taylor and Francis Group , 1988, s. 212-214Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 40.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Ergonomics aspects of personal protective equipment: its use in industrially developing countries1988Ingår i: Journal of Human Ergology, ISSN 0300-8134, Vol. 17, nr 1, s. 67-79Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 41.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Ergonomics assessment of selected dust respirators: their use in the tropics1987Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics, ISSN 0003-6870, E-ISSN 1872-9126, Vol. 18, nr 4, s. 266-272Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The suitability and effectiveness of four different types of British made respirators were studied with respect to comfort, convenience and fit on wearers in Sri Lanka (a developing country). Objective and subjective assessments were made to evaluate the degree of discomfort and interferences to the use of senses. The study revealed that factors such as breathing resistance, work-rate and activity period affected the physiological responses. The weight of the respirator and the skin temperature had no direct relationship with the cardiovascular stress. Positive-pressure respirators that gave lower face temperatures than negative-pressure masks gave this type of respirator an additional advantage in hot environments. Respirators that restricted jaw movement affected the speech intelligibility of the wearer. Orinasal masks restricted vision more than the other types. The problem of fit was found negligible though head and face dimensions significantly differed between the British and the Sri Lankans. Subjective assessment correlated well with objective tests.

  • 42.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Ergonomics evaluation of modified industrial helmets for use in tropical environments1988Ingår i: Ergonomics, ISSN 0014-0139, E-ISSN 1366-5847, Vol. 31, nr 9, s. 1317-1329Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Hotness, weight, fitting problems etc., have been found to be the chief causes of the unpopularity of industrial safety helmets in tropical environments in developing countries (DC). Some selected safety helmets manufactured in industrialized countries (IC) were modified to provide extra head ventilation and to reduce weight, in order to make them more acceptable to users in hot environments. The modified helmets were subjected to ergonomics evaluation both objectively and subjectively in the laboratory (in simulated tropical conditions) as well as in the field situation. There was evidence that white helmets had some advantages in comfort, viz. reduction of hotness, compared to the other colours, e.g. red, green etc., when worn in the presence of radiant heat in the laboratory. Ventilation holes provided at the top of the shell seemed to reduce the greenhouse effect within the helmet shell which therefore felt less uncomfortable than a fully covered helmet. Even with a small reduction of weight, such as 45 g in helmets weighing about 350g, the difference in weight was perceived by the wearers. In adapting helmets made in IC for use in tropical climates, head ventilation and low weight perception are important aspects in comfort which need to be considered. In addition to low cost, a harness material suitable for sweat absorption is required. Adjustability and sizing to fit 90% of the user population also needs to be considered in the design and manufacture of safety helmets for people in DC.

  • 43. Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Ergonomics of technology transfer1987Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, ISSN 0169-8141, E-ISSN 1872-8219, Vol. 1, nr 4, s. 265-272Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    It is beyond doubt that high technology has elevated the standards of living of mankind. The modern technology created and developed to a great extent by Western or developed societies is now in great demand in Eastern and developing societies who are trying to leap-frog towards advancement. But unfortunately, in the transfer of technology, both the giver and the receiver seem to make many mistakes. A technology transferred without considering the ethnic variables in the societies and differences in the climates, has found to cause problems to the acquirer. Due to the basic human factor differences such as sizes of people, physical environment, physical capacities and organizational and cultural differences, a technology which is unadapted has found to be inappropriate, harmful, hazardous and unsuccessful. In the areas of health, working conditions, production and finance, undesirable effects have resulted through haphazard technology transfer, For a successful transfer, it is therefore stressed that technology has to be adapted or modified taking into consideration the technological, anthropological and socio-economic factors of the acquiring population

  • 44.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Ergonomics problems in the use of personal protective wear in industrially developing countries1987Ingår i: Proccedings of the XIth World congress on the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases: Stockholm, Sweden, 24-29 May 1987, 1987, s. 422-424Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 45.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Thermal environment and man1986Rapport (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 46. Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Chapman, Larry J.
    Ergonomics in developing countries1990Ingår i: Advances in industrial ergonomics and safety 2: proceedings of the annual International Industrial Ergonomics and Safety Conference held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 10-13 June 1990 / [ed] Biman Das, Taylor and Francis Group , 1990, s. 771-778Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 47.
    Abeysekera, John
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    de Alwis, W.
    University of Colombo.
    Ergonomics in Sri Lanka: a means to productivity development1996Ingår i: 4th Pan-Pacific Conference on Occupational Ergonomics: Taipei, Taiwan. 11-14 Nov., 1996, Ergonomics society of Taiwan , 1996, s. 323-327Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Sri Lanka has declared 1996 as the 'Year of Productivity'. With a significant share of her national income being diverted for defence and security, productivity development becomes supreme for Sri Lanka's economic survival. Ergonomics or human factors which is a science well known for improving working conditions, is hardly known in Sri Lanka. Ergonomics applications enhance job satisfaction and productivity and maximise the product or systems quality by improving usability. A recent survey of three randomly selected large industrial work establishments in Sri Lanka revealed that much mismatch exists between workers and the machinery they are forced to work with, which hampers productivity and causes friction in the work places. A series of lectures conducted by an ergonomist among different professional groups and university students helped to create considerable awareness of the science of ergonomics. The participants were convinced that ergonomics can contribute immensely to productivity development in the country. Some strategies for ergonomics education in Sri Lanka which can also be adopted in other similar industrially developing countries are proposed.

  • 48.
    Abeysekera, John
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Gao, Chuansi
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    The identification of factors in the systematic evaluation of slip prevention on icy surfaces2001Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, ISSN 0169-8141, E-ISSN 1872-8219, Vol. 28, nr 5, s. 303-313Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Slips and falls on icy roads often result in fractures or sprains and is a major problem in Nordic countries. Walking trials by 25 subjects wearing four types of winter shoes on five different icy walking surfaces provided subjective and objective measures of tendency to slip and number of slips, respectively. Since friction is a major determinant of a slip, the influence of material spread on icy surfaces, the surface temperatures and the shoe soling characteristics versus the Coefficient of Friction (COF) of the shoes were measured. Sand and gravel on icy roads had positive effects on improving COF. The study revealed that the aetiology of slips and falls is multi-faceted and attempts to solve the problem must adopt a systems approach. Perception of risk, aging, training, experience and postural balance are other factors to be considered in preventing slips and falls. Future research should concentrate on the degree of impact of each factor to the aetiology of slips and falls, which can help to decide priority action in preventing slips and falls.

  • 49.
    Abeysekera, John
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Holmér, Ingvar
    National Institute for Working Life.
    Termiska egenskaper hos skyddshjälmar: förbättring, validering och standardisering av en mätmetod1997Rapport (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 50.
    Abeysekera, John
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Holmér, Ingvar
    National Institute for Working Life.
    Utveckling av metoder för provning och värdering av personlig skyddsutrustning med avseende på våt värmeavgivning1996Rapport (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
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