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  • 1.
    Aarnio, Laura
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health, Learning and Technology.
    Att utveckla digital kompetens hos de yngsta barnen: Ett förskollärarperspektiv på arbetet med 1- och 2-åringar2023Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna studie tar sin grund i det sociokulturella perspektivet och fokuserar på digital kompetens hos de yngsta barnen utifrån ett förskollärarperspektiv. Det ansågs som intressant att ta reda på hur förskolan arbetar med digitalisering med 1- och 2-åringar på ett sätt som lägger grunden för det livslånga lärandet och ger förutsättningar för individen som en aktiv deltagare i det digitala samhället. För att kunna svara på studiens syfte och frågeställningar föll valet på att intervjua verksamma förskollärare som arbetar på avdelningar för yngre barn. 

    Tillgång till digitala verktyg och utforskande både självständigt och tillsammans med andra framhävs i denna studie som centralt. Förskollärare har lite olika perspektiv på arbetssätt och på vad som är viktigt för de yngsta barnen att lära sig när det gäller digital teknik och kompetens. Förskollärarens eget engagemang och kompetens påverkar hur undervisningen ser ut. Det är viktigt att kunna balansera mellan att ge barnen möjligheter att utforska tillsammans och självständigt samtidigt som läraren finns tillgänglig och närvarande för att vid behov kunna erbjuda stöd samt ta vara på lärandetillfällen. En närvarande och kompetent pedagog har möjligheten att få mycket information kring barnens digitala kompetens samt dem intressen de har. De flesta verksamheterna hade ingen tydlig planering eller strategi för digitalisering utan digital teknik blev ett ständigt närvarande redskap som används kontinuerligt och kompletterar andra områden inom undervisning och lek. Digitala verktyg utvidgar lärmiljön och skapar nya rumsliga dimensioner.

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  • 2.
    Aban, Saman
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences.
    Principalansvaret för vårdnadshavare: Föräldrars skadeståndsansvar för skada vållad av barn2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Personer under 15 år kan inte straffrättsligt bli ansvariga för brott de begått i enlighet med 1 kap 6§ BrB. Däremot kan en civilrättslig process gällande skadeståndsrättsligt anspråk bli aktuell i princip oberoende av skadevållarens ålder. Huvudregeln är alltså att barn kan bli skadeståndsskyldiga på samma sätt som en vuxen om de anses ha vållat skada. De större utmärkande skillnaderna mellan att hålla ett barn jämfört med en vuxen skadeståndsskyldig är att det görs en så kallad skälighetsbedömning när det gäller barn och även vid bedömning av barns culpa tar man mindre hänsyn till de subjektiva kriterierna. I denna uppsats utreds vårdnadshavarens ansvar enligt 3 kap. 5§ skadeståndslagen som infördes år 2010. Denna reglering innebär att föräldrar kan blir skadeståndsansvariga för skador som deras barn orsakar genom brott samt genom tillsynsansvaret som regleras i 6 kap. 2§ föräldrabalken. Denna paragraf reglerar att vårdnadshavaren skall ge barnet den tillsyn och uppsikt det behöver medhänsyn till ålder, utveckling och övriga omständigheter för att hindra skadevållande handlingar. Skillnaden mellan dessa respektive lagregler gällande att vårdnadshavaren skall anses vara skadeståndsansvarig är att den förra förutsätter att barnet begått ett brott och förutsätter heller ej culpa medan den senare inte gör det.

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  • 3.
    Abarkan, Abdellah
    et al.
    Blekinge tekniska högskola, Karlskrona, Sverige.
    Rizzo, Agatino
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Öjehag-Pettersson, Andreas
    Karlstads universitet, Karlstad, Sverige.
    Byerley, Andrew
    Stockholms universitet, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Karvonen, Andy
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Legby, Ann
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Braide, Anna
    Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Hellström, Björn
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Christophers, Brett
    Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sverige.
    Johansson, Britt-Marie
    Lunds universitet, Lund, Sverige.
    Yigit Turan, Burcu
    Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Uppsala, Sverige.
    Listerborn, Carina
    Malmö universitet, Malmö, Sverige.
    Dyrssen, Catharina
    Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Gabrielsson, Catharina
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Thörn, Catharina
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Mukhtar-Landgren, Dalia
    Lunds universitet, Lund, Sverige.
    Koch, Daniel
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Polanska, Dominika V
    Uppsala universitet, Uppsala, Sverige.
    Högström, Ebba
    Blekinge tekniska högskola, Karlskrona, Sverige.
    Nilsson, Emma
    Lunds universitet, Lund, Sverige.
    Clark, Eric
    Lunds universitet, Lund, Sverige.
    Stenberg, Erik
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Andersson, Eva
    Stockholms universitet, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Berggård, Glenn
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Henriksson, Greger
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Lindholm, Gunilla
    Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Uppsala, Sverige.
    Sandin, Gunnar
    Lunds universitet, Lund, Sverige.
    Forsberg, Gunnel
    Stockholms universitet, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Baeten, Guy
    Malmö universitet, Malmö, Sverige.
    Cars, Göran
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Rohracher, Harald
    Linköpings universitet, Linköping, Sverige.
    Westlund, Hans
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Mattsson, Helena
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Frichot, Hélène
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Palmer, Henrietta
    Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Corvellec, Hervé
    Lunds universitet, Lund, Sverige.
    Thörn, Håkan
    Göteborgs universitet, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Sandström, Ida
    Lunds universitet, Lund, Sverige.
    Lindell, Ilda
    Stockholms universitet, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Werner, Inga Britt
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Molina, Irene
    Uppsala universitet, Uppsala, Sverige.
    Mack, Jennifer
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Stenberg, Jenny
    Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Magnusson, Jesper
    Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden.
    Metzger, Jonathan
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Wangel, Josefin
    Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Uppsala, Sverige.
    Fredriksson, Julia
    Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Bradley, Karin
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Grundström, Karin
    Malmö universitet, Malmö, Sverige.
    Nylund, Katarina
    Malmö universitet, Malmö, Sverige.
    Grange, Kristina
    Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Nilsson, Kristina L.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Ståhl, Lars-Henrik
    Lunds universitet, Lund, Sverige.
    Olsson, Lina
    Malmö universitet, Malmö, Sverige.
    Soneryd, Linda
    Göteborgs universitet, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Smas, Lukas
    Stockholms universitet, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Hellström Reimer, Maria
    Malmö universitet, Malmö, Sverige.
    Håkansson, Maria
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Zapata Campos, María José
    Göteborgs universitet, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Franzén, Mats
    Uppsala universitet, Uppsala, Sverige.
    Kärrholm, Mattias
    Lunds universitet, Lund, Sverige.
    Qviström, Mattias
    Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Uppsala, Sverige.
    Schalk, Meike
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Tesfahuney, Mekonnen
    Karlstads universitet, Karlstad, Sverige.
    Tahvilzadeh, Nazem
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Björling, Nils
    Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Nylander, Ola
    Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Zapata, Patrik
    Göteborgs universitet, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Femenías, Paula
    Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Hagbert, Pernilla
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Schmitt, Peter
    Stockholms universitet, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Ek, Richard
    Lunds universitet, Lund, Sverige.
    Andersson, Roger
    Uppsala universitet, Uppsala, Sverige.
    Johansson, Rolf
    Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Uppsala, Sverige.
    Kopljar, Sandra
    Lunds universitet, Lund, Sverige.
    Borgström, Sara
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Brorström, Sara
    Göteborgs universitet, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Schmidt, Staffan
    Malmö universitet, Malmö, Sverige.
    Gromark, Sten
    Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Westerdahl, Stig
    Malmö universitet, Malmö, Sverige.
    Holgersen, Ståle
    Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sverige.
    Urban, Susanne
    Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sverige.
    Salonen, Tapio
    Malmö universitet, Malmö, Sverige.
    Borén, Thomas
    Stockholms universitet, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Haas, Tigran
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Glad, Wiktoria
    Linköpings universitet, Linköping, Sverige.
    Svane, Örjan
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Lyssna på forskningen: Den visar på avregleringens problem2019In: Dagens nyheter, ISSN 1101-2447, no 10/21/2019Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 4.
    Abd-Ellah, Mahmoud Khaled
    et al.
    Electronics and Communications Department, Al-Madina Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Giza, Egypt.
    Awad, Ali Ismail
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Digital Services and Systems. Faculty of Engineering, Al-Alzhar University, P.O. Box 83513, Qena, Egypt.
    Hamed, Hesham F. A.
    Department of Telecommunications Eng., Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt. Department of Communications and Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
    Khalaf, Ashraf A. M.
    Department of Communications and Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
    Parallel Deep CNN Structure for Glioma Detection and Classification via Brain MRI Images2019In: IEEE-ICM 2019 CAIRO-EGYPT: The 31st International Conference on Microelectronics, IEEE, 2019, p. 304-307Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Although most brain tumor diagnosis studies have focused on tumor segmentation and localization operations, few studies have focused on tumor detection as a time- and effort-saving process. This study introduces a new network structure for accurate glioma tumor detection and classification using two parallel deep convolutional neural networks (PDCNNs). The proposed structure is designed to identify the presence and absence of a brain tumor in MRI images and classify the type of tumor images as high-grade gliomas (HGGs, i.e., glioblastomas) or low-grade gliomas (LGGs). The introduced PDCNNs structure takes advantage of both global and local features extracted from the two parallel stages. The proposed structure is not only accurate but also efficient, as the convolutional layers are more accurate because they learn spatial features, and they are efficient in the testing phase since they reduce the number of weights, which reduces the memory usage and runtime. Simulation experiments were accomplished using an MRI dataset extracted from the BraTS 2017 database. The obtained results show that the proposed parallel network structure outperforms other detection and classification methods in the literature.

  • 5.
    Abd-Ellah, Mahmoud Khaled
    et al.
    Al-Madina Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology.
    Awad, Ali Ismail
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Computer Science.
    Khalaf, Ashraf A. M.
    Minia University, Egypt.
    Hamed, Hesham F. A.
    Minia University, Egypt.
    Classification of Brain Tumor MRIs Using a Kernel Support Vector Machine2016In: Building Sustainable Health Ecosystems: 6th International Conference on Well-Being in the Information Society, WIS 2016, Tampere, Finland, September 16-18, 2016, Proceedings / [ed] Hongxiu Li, Pirkko Nykänen, Reima Suomi, Nilmini Wickramasinghe, Gunilla Widén, Ming Zhan, Springer International Publishing , 2016, p. 151-160Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of medical images has been continuously increasing, which makes manual investigations of every image a difficult task. This study focuses on classifying brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) as normal, where a brain tumor is absent, or as abnormal, where a brain tumor is present. A hybrid intelligent system for automatic brain tumor detection and MRI classification is proposed. This system assists radiologists in interpreting the MRIs, improves the brain tumor diagnostic accuracy, and directs the focus toward the abnormal images only. The proposed computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system consists of five steps: MRI preprocessing to remove the background noise, image segmentation by combining Otsu binarization and K-means clustering, feature extraction using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) approach, and dimensionality reduction of the features by applying the principal component analysis (PCA) method. The major features were submitted to a kernel support vector machine (KSVM) for performing the MRI classification. The performance evaluation of the proposed system measured a maximum classification accuracy of 100 % using an available MRIs database. The processing time for all processes was recorded as 1.23 seconds. The obtained results have demonstrated the superiority of the proposed system.

  • 6.
    Abd-Ellah, Mahmoud Khaled
    et al.
    Al-Madina Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Giza, Egypt .
    Awad, Ali Ismail
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Digital Services and Systems. Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Qena, Egypt.
    Khalaf, Ashraf A. M.
    Minia University, Minia, Egypt .
    Hamed, Hesham F. A.
    Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt. Minia University, Minia, Egypt .
    Deep Convolutional Neural Networks: Foundations and Applications in Medical Imaging2020In: Deep Learning in Computer Vision: Principles and Applications / [ed] Mahmoud Hassaballah, Ali Ismail Awad, CRC Press, 2020, 1st, p. 233-260Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Abd-Ellah, Mahmoud Khaled
    et al.
    Electronic and Communication Department Al-Madina Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Giza.
    Awad, Ali Ismail
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Computer Science.
    Khalaf, Ashraf A. M.
    Faculty of Engineering, Minia University.
    Hamed, Hesham F. A.
    Faculty of Engineering, Minia University.
    Design and implementation of a computer-aided diagnosis system for brain tumor classification2017In: 2016 28th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM), 2017, p. 73-76, article id 7847911Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have become very important for the medical diagnosis of brain tumors. The systems improve the diagnostic accuracy and reduce the required time. In this paper, a two-stage CAD system has been developed for automatic detection and classification of brain tumor through magnetic resonance images (MRIs). In the first stage, the system classifies brain tumor MRI into normal and abnormal images. In the second stage, the type of tumor is classified as benign (Noncancerous) or malignant (Cancerous) from the abnormal MRIs. The proposed CAD ensembles the following computational methods: MRI image segmentation by K-means clustering, feature extraction using discrete wavelet transform (DWT), feature reduction by applying principal component analysis (PCA). The two-stage classification has been conducted using a support vector machine (SVM). Performance evaluation of the proposed CAD has achieved promising results using a non-standard MRIs database.

  • 8.
    Abd-Ellah, Mahmoud Khaled
    et al.
    Electronics and Communications Department, Al-Madina Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Giza, Egypt.
    Awad, Ali Ismail
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Computer Science. Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Qena, Egypt.
    Khalaf, Ashraf A.M.
    Electronics and Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
    Hamed, Hesham F.A.
    Electronics and Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
    A Review on Brain Tumor Diagnosis from MRI Images: Practical Implications, Key Achievements, and Lessons Learned2019In: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, ISSN 0730-725X, E-ISSN 1873-5894, Vol. 61, p. 300-318Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The successful early diagnosis of brain tumors plays a major role in improving the treatment outcomes and thus improving patient survival. Manually evaluating the numerous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images produced routinely in the clinic is a difficult process. Thus, there is a crucial need for computer-aided methods with better accuracy for early tumor diagnosis. Computer-aided brain tumor diagnosis from MRI images consists of tumor detection, segmentation, and classification processes. Over the past few years, many studies have focused on traditional or classical machine learning techniques for brain tumor diagnosis. Recently, interest has developed in using deep learning techniques for diagnosing brain tumors with better accuracy and robustness. This study presents a comprehensive review of traditional machine learning techniques and evolving deep learning techniques for brain tumor diagnosis. This review paper identifies the key achievements reflected in the performance measurement metrics of the applied algorithms in the three diagnosis processes. In addition, this study discusses the key findings and draws attention to the lessons learned as a roadmap for future research.

  • 9.
    Abd-Ellah, Mahmoud Khaled
    et al.
    Electronics and Communications Department, Al-Madina Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Giza, Egypt.
    Khalaf, Ashraf A. M.
    Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
    Awad, Ali Ismail
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Digital Services and Systems. Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Qena, Egypt.
    Hamed, Hesham F. A.
    Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
    TPUAR-Net: Two Parallel U-Net with Asymmetric Residual-Based Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Brain Tumor Segmentation2019In: Image Analysis and Recognition: 16th International Conference, ICIAR 2019, Waterloo, ON, Canada, August 27–29, 2019, Proceedings, Part II / [ed] Fakhri Karray, Aurélio Campilho, Alfred Yu, Springer, 2019, p. 106-116Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The utilization of different types of brain images has been expanding, which makes manually examining each image a labor-intensive task. This study introduces a brain tumor segmentation method that uses two parallel U-Net with an asymmetric residual-based deep convolutional neural network (TPUAR-Net). The proposed method is customized to segment high and low grade glioblastomas identified from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Varieties of these tumors can appear anywhere in the brain and may have practically any shape, contrast, or size. Thus, this study used deep learning techniques based on adaptive, high-efficiency neural networks in the proposed model structure. In this paper, several high-performance models based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been examined. The proposed TPUAR-Net capitalizes on different levels of global and local features in the upper and lower paths of the proposed model structure. In addition, the proposed method is configured to use the skip connection between layers and residual units to accelerate the training and testing processes. The TPUAR-Net model provides promising segmentation accuracy using MRI images from the BRATS 2017 database, while its parallelized architecture considerably improves the execution speed. The results obtained in terms of Dice, sensitivity, and specificity metrics demonstrate that TPUAR-Net outperforms other methods and achieves the state-of-the-art performance for brain tumor segmentation.

  • 10.
    Abdihalim Yusuf, Awo
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences.
    "Han gick igenom det han behövde göra för att bli en man": Narrativ analys om unga mäns erfarenheter och upplevelser av att få sin maskulinitet ifrågasatt2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 11.
    Abdulbaqi, Dana M.
    et al.
    Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.
    Dahl, Carol
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences. Mineral and Energy Economics Program and Payne Institute of Earth Resources, Division of Economics and Business, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO .
    Al-Shaikh, Mohammed
    Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.
    Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) as a Stepping Stone to Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)2018In: Mineral Economics, ISSN 2191-2203, E-ISSN 2191-2211, Vol. 31, no 1-2, p. 239-251Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Environmental concerns about carbon emissions coupled with the oil industry’s need to secure additional CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) projects have sparked interest in the potential that CO2-EOR may have in jumpstarting carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). However, existing studies on the viability of coupling CO2-EOR with CCS have generally placed more focus on either the engineering or economic aspects of the problem. Most engineering studies focus on the technical aspects of the CO2-EOR project to produce the maximum amount of oil, while simultaneously storing the most CO2 during the production process with the economics as an afterthought, while most economic studies found have focused on a singular aspect of the issue such as impacts of exogenously varying injection rates. Furthermore, modelling efforts have stopped at the end of the productive life of the field. We build a unique two-stage dynamic optimization model, which simultaneously addresses engineering and economic policy aspects, to study the viability of coupling CO2-EOR transitioning into CCS. Our model includes a carbon tax for emissions, which becomes a subsidy for full scale sequestration after oil production has ceased; this allows us to explore the transition from CO2-EOR, our first stage, to sole CO2 sequestration in our second stage for a single field. We maximize the operator’s profits across both stages, while tracking the responsiveness of oil production and total carbon movements to both price and policy changes. We pair our optimization model with a reservoir simulation model, allowing us to mimic actual field behavior, giving our work a more realistic representation of both production and sequestration profiles. Our results suggest that small increases in the level of carbon tax can have large and discontinuous impacts on net sequestration. This stems from the observed transition from limited natural sources of CO2 to more expensive captured CO2 resulting from the implemented policy. With appropriate taxes, total volumes of captured CO2 sequestered across both stages are equivalent to 30 to 40% of the emissions from the use of the oil produced. With the credits oil producers receive from sequestering CO2, which equate to the tax, relatively high carbon taxes incentivize additional sequestration without significantly impacting the supply of oil. This, alongside maintaining a steady stream of profits, is a win-win situation for energy security and the climate.

  • 12.
    Abdullahi, Hassan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences.
    Priming vid ordstamskomplettering2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Priming är ett sätt att studera hur det implicita minnet fungerar och påverkar oss. I den här studien undersöktes priming vid ordstamskomplettering och hur presenterat ord respektive icke presenterat ord påverkar priming. Syftet med studien var att undersöka och analysera priming vid ordstamskomplettering. Frågeställningen i studien har varit: Vilken inverkan har ett presenterat respektive icke presenterat ord vid priming? Hypotesen var att deltagarna skulle komplettera fler ord från den lista som de har sett än från den lista som de inte har sett. Tolv deltagare var med i studien mellan åldrarna 21 och 28 år. Resultatet från experimentet stödjer hypotesen. SPSS paired samples analysis visade att resultatet var signifikant, vilket stödjer hypotesen att det uppstår priming vid ordstamskomplettering.

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  • 13.
    Abou-Chakra, Bisan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Arts, Communication and Education.
    En påhittad arabvärld: En studie av hur andra generationens invandrare ser på hur den arabiska kulturen och dess länder framställs i västerländska TV-serier.2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study was conducted with the purpose of studying how the second generation of immigrants in Sweden experience the representation in western television series and how their reality image of the country overlooked the fictive. The study is analyzed based on postcolonial perspectives and theories that include representation, orientalism and stereotypes. The aim was based on whether or not these interviewees felt represented and if the image of the culture and the country were fairly visualized and how they experienced the series vs reality. The method used to answer the question was qualitative interviews where the results showed that the actual experiences of the interviewees did not match with what was shown in the series. Based on their interpretations a big part of the series was constructed by stereotypes.

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  • 14.
    Abrahamsson, Elvira
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts.
    Skuldsaneringslagen: Möjligheterna till skuldsanering en andra gång2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna uppsats har belyst skuldsaneringslagen och specifikt möjligheten att bli beviljad skuldsanering en andra gång. Uppsatsen förklarar äldre lagstiftning och därefter nuvarande lag för att undersöka hur denna möjlighet har sett ut historiskt, hur det ser ut i dag och anledningen till förändringarna. Huvudregeln vad gäller skuldsanering har alltid varit att detta är något en gäldenär endast kan bli beviljad en gång under sin livstid men det finns vissa undantag som öppnar upp för att bli beviljad en andra gång. Dessa undantag har förändrats i takt med ändringarna i skuldsaneringslagen. Trots ett inte lika strikt förhållningssätt till detta idag är möjligheterna fortsatt begränsade, både för de gäldenärer som tidigare har fullgjort en skuldsanering och för de gäldenärerna som fått sin skuldsanering upphävd. 

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  • 15.
    Abrahamsson, Hanna
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences.
    Vikström, Klara
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences.
    Större möjlighet till jämförbarhet inom företag än företag emellan: En kvalitativ studie med 59 unika observationer av svenska företags hållbarhetsrapporter, ur en miljöaspekt2020Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to create understanding for how comparable sustainability reports are. The study has focused on the environmental aspect within the Swedish industry of clothing, footwear and wholesale. A content analysis has been executed, with a selection of 73 companies. After a shortfall there remained 21 companies and the study has performed 59 unique observations. The authors have developed a model to systemize the information collected in the content analysis. The study’s model focuses on four factors that affects the comparability of the sustainability reports. The four factors are guidelines, environmental indicators, measurements and absolute and relative numbers. The study emanated from the stakeholder and legitimacy theory. The theories say that companies should treat their stakeholders equally and that they should sustain a social contract with the community that creates legitimacy.

     

    The study showed that sustainability reports have a relatively high comparability within the companies. The Companies tend to report the same environmental indicators from year to year, which contributes to the comparability within the company. The comparability between companies is slightly lower, which is due to companies reporting information that is considered relevant for their own operations. This results in differences between companies in which environmental indicators are being reported as well as which measurements are used, this affects the comparability negatively.

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  • 16.
    Abrahamsson, Helena
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Arts, Communication and Education.
    Maijanen, Tommi
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Arts, Communication and Education.
    Det är det här blandspråket som finns i kommunen, att man blandar en mening på finska och en på svenska eller till och med blandar ord från båda språken i samma mening: En kvalitativ studie om förskolans utmaningar i en flerspråkig gränskommun2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I förskolans uppdrag ingår det att barn med annat modersmål än svenska ska ges möjlighet att utveckla både det svenska språket och sitt modersmål. Med denna studie vill vi synliggöra de språkliga utmaningarna som pedagogerna ställs inför i en gränskommun i Sverige. Kommunen gränsar mot Finland och är i stor utsträckning tvåspråkig där majoriteten av befolkningen pratar både svenska och finska.  Situationen blir på så vis unik vilket också yttrar sig i förskolan. Syftet med denna studie är att lyfta fram de utmaningar pedagoger står inför när de arbetar med språkutveckling hos flerspråkiga barn i kommunen. Studien belyser vilka svårigheter som kan uppstå när pedagoger och barn inte delar modersmål. Det är en kvalitativ studie med enkätundersökningar och intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetoder samt ett sociokulturellt perspektiv som teoretisk utgångspunkt. Studiens resultat tyder på att vissa modersmål får mer utrymme än andra och att det är en utmaning för pedagogerna att tillgodose alla olika modersmål. Resultatet visar också att det skiljer sig avdelningar emellan i hur stor utsträckning modersmålsstöd erbjuds och under vilka former. Slutligen visar resultatet att det råder en osäkerhet bland pedagoger i vilken omfattning och på vilket sätt modersmålsstödet ska utformas samt att det saknas struktur samt riktlinjer kring detta. 

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  • 17.
    Abrahamsson, Lena
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Bengtsson, Lars
    Lunds tekniska högskola, LTH.
    Gremyr, Ida
    Chalmers University of Technology.
    Kowalkowski, Christian
    Linköpings universitet.
    Nilsson, Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Business Administration and Industrial Engineering.
    Rehn, Alf
    Åbo Akademi.
    Segerstedt, Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Business Administration and Industrial Engineering.
    Säfsten, Kristina
    Högskolan i Jönköping.
    Öhman, Peter
    Mittuniversitetet.
    Industriell ekonomi och organisering: IE2016Book (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Abrahamsson, Lena
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Humans and technology.
    Johansson, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Humans and technology.
    Can new technology challenge macho-masculinities?: The case of the mining industry2021In: Mineral Economics, ISSN 2191-2203, E-ISSN 2191-2211, Vol. 34, no 2, p. 263-275Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim with this article is to discuss how changes in technology at workplaces engender both change and restoration of gender constructions within the context of underground mining. The discussions are formed around a constructed case based on material from gender and organizational studies of large-scale industrial mines in different countries, most of them from Sweden. New technologies such as digitalization and automation together with new organizational forms engender changes in mining work, e.g., new types of work tasks, new competence demands, and a move from underground to high-tech control rooms aboveground. One main observation is that the changes challenge the old and recalcitrant blue-collar mining masculinity. On the one hand, the organizational resistance and “lagging” seemed to result in re-gendering and restoration of the male dominance. On the other hand, there were tendencies to adaptation in the workplace cultures, including new ways of forming mining masculinities, perhaps even undoing of gender. The main conclusion is that the most probable development lies somewhere in-between and by analyzing such complex processes of gender, technology, and change future research can get more knowledge of changes of gender constructions in working life.

  • 19.
    Abu Hatab, Assem
    et al.
    The Nordic Africa Institute, PO Box 1703, SE-751, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7013, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Economics & Rural Development, Arish University, Al-Arish, 45516, Egypt.
    Krautscheid, Lena
    Department of Design Sciences, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Elsayied, Mohamed
    Department of Economics & Rural Development, Arish University, Al-Arish, 45516, Egypt.
    Amuakwa-Mensah, Franklin
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology. Department of Design Sciences, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden; Environment for Development, University of Gothenburg, Box 645, SE 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    COVID-19 risk perception and food security in the MENA region: evidence from a multi-wave household survey2024In: Food Security, ISSN 1876-4517, E-ISSN 1876-4525, Vol. 16, p. 989-1008Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The COVID-19 pandemic had disruptive consequences for MENA countries’ agri-food value chains that exacerbated poverty and jeopardized food security. This study examines the relationship between individuals’ perception of contracting COVID-19 and their experience of food insecurity, using longitudinal data from the Combined COVID-19 MENA Monitor Household survey. It also investigates the underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 concerns and explores coping strategies employed by households to identify vulnerabilities in food security. The results provide compelling evidence of a strong association between individuals’ concern about the virus and various dimensions of food security, particularly reduced purchasing power and decreased meal frequency. Notably, this association follows an inverted U-shaped curve, with food insecurity initially increasing as worry grows, but declining after individuals contract the virus. High levels of concern were also linked to significant income decreases and worsening economic conditions. Moreover, individuals with higher concerns were more likely to rely on specific coping strategies, particularly spending savings and obtaining funds from relatives or friends. These findings underscore the need for government interventions during disease outbreaks and economic downturns to focus on alleviating individuals’ worry and fear to facilitate informed decision-making that minimizes food insecurity consequences. Additionally, the findings emphasize the need to strengthen social protection systems during public health and economic challenges to ensure food security for vulnerable populations.

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  • 20.
    Acar, Sevil
    et al.
    Department of Economics, Istanbul Kemerburgaz University, Bagcilar, Turkey.
    Söderholm, Patrik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Brännlund, Runar
    Centre for Environmental and Resource Economics, Umeå School of Business and Economics, Umeå University.
    Convergence of per capita carbon dioxide emissions: implications and meta-analysis2018In: Climate Policy, ISSN 1469-3062, E-ISSN 1752-7457, Vol. 18, no 4, p. 512-525Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a rich empirical literature testing whether per capita carbon dioxide emissions tend to converge over time and across countries. This article provides a meta-analysis of the results from this research, and discusses how carbon emissions convergence may be understood in, for instance, the presence of international knowledge spillovers and policy convergence. The results display evidence of either divergence or persistent gaps at the global level, but convergence of per capita carbon dioxide emissions between richer industrialized countries. However, the results appear sensitive to the choice of data sample and choice of convergence concept, e.g. stochastic convergence versus β-convergence. Moreover, peer-reviewed studies have a higher likelihood of reporting convergence in carbon dioxide emissions compared to non-refereed work. POLICY RELEVANCE The empirical basis for an egalitarian rule of equal emissions per capita in the design of global climate agreements is not solid; this supports the need to move beyond single allocation rules, and increase knowledge about the impacts of combined scenarios. However, even in the context of the 2015 Paris Agreement with its emphasis on voluntary contributions and ‘national circumstances’, different equity-based principles could serve as useful points of reference for how the remaining carbon budget should be allocated

  • 21.
    Ackelid, Emma
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences.
    Stenmark, Gabriella
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences.
    Konsumenters uppfattning av hållbarhetsmärkningar i dagligvaruhandeln: Hur köpbeslutet påverkas2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Hållbarhet är en stark faktor som påverkar både konsumenter och företag i växande utsträckning. Att medvetet konsumera i enlighet med hållbara riktlinjer ligger i många konsumenters intresse, och företag utvecklar kontinuerligt strategier för att bemöta konsumentbehov och höja sin försäljning. I takt med detta ökar utbudet av hållbart märkta produkter och hållbarhetsmärkningar. För konsumenter innebär detta större valmöjligheter men också eventuella svårigheter då hållbarhetsmärkningar ofta upplevs snarlika och svåra att förstå betydelsen bakom, vilket i sin tur kan ha en motverkande effekt på konsumenters köpbeslut. Syftet med denna studie var därför att undersöka hur konsumenter i dagligvaruhandeln ställer sig till svenskt etablerade hållbarhetsmärkningar på likvärdiga produkter, för att utforska hur hållbarhetsmärkningar påverkar konsumenters köpbeslut vid köptillfället. Studien eftersträvade att identifiera de starkaste faktorerna som ligger bakom konsumenters beslut att köpa eller inte köpa hållbart märkta produkter. Avsikten var att ge företag/varumärken en bild av vad konsumenterna behöver för att effektivt vägledas i sitt köpbeslut. Insamling av data genomfördes genom enkäter med kvalitativ karaktär då studien avsåg att belysa konsumentåsikter kopplade till konsumentbeteende. Urvalet som inkluderades i studien utgjordes av individer som köper produkter i dagligvaruhandeln. Analys av data skedde med utgångspunkt i grundad teori där nyckelord och mönster mellan respondenter och svar identifierades och tolkades. Resultatet av studien visade att konsumenter främst påverkas i köpriktning vid köp av hållbart märkta produkter till följd av miljömässiga omvärldseffekter och personliga effekter på den egna hälsan, men även till viss del till följd av omvärldseffekter kopplade till socialt ansvarstagande samt tillgänglighet av information. Bristande tilltro som skapar associationer till opålitlighet samt bristande förståelse till följd av dålig kunskap är de enda faktorerna som har påverkan på köpbeslut i icke-köpriktningen enligt resultatet av studien. Genom att belysa de faktorer som påverkar konsumenter i köpriktning och motverka de faktorer som påverkar konsumenter i icke-köpriktning, kan företag/varumärken uppnå företagsnytta.

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  • 22.
    Adams, Kweku
    et al.
    Bradford School of Management, University of Bradford, BD7 1SR, United Kingdom.
    Attah-Boakye, Rexford
    University of Nottingham, Wollaton Road, Lenton, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, United Kingdom.
    Yu, Honglan
    University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
    Johansson, Jeaneth
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Business Administration and Industrial Engineering. Halmstad University.
    Njoya, Eric Tchouamou
    University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
    Female board representation and coupled open innovation: Evidence from emerging market multinational enterprises2023In: Technovation, ISSN 0166-4972, E-ISSN 1879-2383, Vol. 124, article id 102749Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Little research has been done on female board representation in emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs). Our paper considers the role of female board representation and its impact on open innovation (OI) in the unique context of emerging markets. We draw on upper echelons and institutional theories to understand how female board representation and cross-country institutional contexts influence coupled OI. Combining a 10-year (2009–2019) dataset with a rich in-depth content analysis of 183 (EMNEs) engaged in OI, our results reveal a significant positive association between female board representation and a firm's commitment to coupled OI initiatives. We also find that country-level institutional factors affect and positively moderate the relationship between female board representation and coupled OI. In emerging market environments where managerial perception and cultural beliefs sometimes hinder the promotion of females into top positions, our work has implications for EMNEs regarding how they harness diversity. We contribute to the OI literature by showing that female board representation enhances corporate OI investment within EMNEs.

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  • 23.
    Adelbrun, Alina
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences.
    Vad innebär lagreformen för organdonation?: En studie av de rättsliga följderna av den statliga utredningen2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I samband med den statliga donationsutredningen förväntades en lagreform som skulle öka donationsfrekvensen. En sådan reform uteblev dock och det finns anledning att ifrågasätta varför det blev på det sättet. Arbetets syfte har varit att ta reda på orsaken till den uteblivna lagreformen i donationsfrågor efter donationsutredningens slut, samt att uppmärksamma de ändringar som trots allt har införlivats. För att kunna besvara frågeställningarna har den rättsdogmatiska metoden använts, med rättskälleläran som grund, för att fastställa gällande rätt före och efter den statliga utredningen om organdonationer. Utredningen visar att efter att utredningsbetänkandet och de dithörande remissvaren hade analyserats kunde det konstateras att lagförslagen inte kunde införas på grund av oförenlighet med grundlagen. Vissa av donationsutredningens förslag har dock ändå införlivats och beslut om en ny förordning gällande donationsregistret har fattats.

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  • 24.
    Ademali, Emre
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts.
    Adaptation of Pricing Strategies by Hotel Managers in Turkey Response to the Covid-19 Outbreak2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The Covid-19 crisis has had a profound impact on the global tourism industry, including theTurkish hotel sector. As hotels face unprecedented challenges, the adaptation of pricingstrategies becomes crucial for their survival and competitiveness. This thesis investigates theimpact of the Covid-19 outbreak on pricing strategies in the Turkish hotel industry and examinesthe strategies implemented by hotel managers to navigate this challenging period.

    Through a comprehensive research methodology, including interviews with hotel managers anddata analysis, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the pricing strategies adopted byhotels during the crisis. It explores the factors influencing the selection and effectiveness of thesestrategies and examines their relationship with the financial performance of hotels.

    The research objectives include assessing the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on pricing strategiesin the Turkish hotel industry, identifying the factors influencing the selection and effectivenessof hotel managers' strategies, exploring the relationship between these strategies and the financialperformance of hotels, and providing recommendations and guidelines for effective hotelmanagement.

    The results of this study make a valuable contribution to the current understanding of pricingstrategies in the hotel industry during times of crisis. By exploring the adaptation of pricingstrategies, this research provides new insights and practical implications for hotel managers.These findings aim to assist managers in formulating effective pricing strategies, ultimatelyenhancing the resilience and adaptability of the hotel industry.

    This research has important implications for both academia and industry, as it provides insightsinto the dynamics of pricing strategies in the context of a global crisis. By understanding thechallenges and opportunities faced by hotel managers during the crisis, this study contributes tothe broader understanding of hotel management pricing strategies in the hospitality sector. 

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  • 25.
    Adewumi, Oluwatosin
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Gerdes, Martin
    University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
    Chaltikyan, Georgi
    Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany.
    Fernandes, Fara
    Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany.
    Lindsköld, Lars
    AI Sweden, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Liwicki, Marcus
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Catta-Preta, Michelle
    Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
    DigiHealth-AI: Outcomes of the First Blended Intensive Programme (BIP) on AI for Health – a Cross-Disciplinary Multi-Institutional Short Teaching Course2024In: JAIR - Journal of Applied Interdisciplinary Research Special Issue (2024): Proceedings of the DigiHealthDay 2023, Deggendorf Institute of Technology , 2024, p. 75-85Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We reflect on the experiences in organizing and implementing a high-quality Blended Intensive Programme (BIP) as a joint international event. A BIP is a short programme that combines physical mobility with a virtual part. The 6-day event, titled “DigiHealth-AI: Practice, Research, Ethics, and Regulation”, was organized in collaboration with partners from five European nations and support from the EU’s ERASMUS+ programme in November 2023. We introduced a new learning method called ProCoT, involving large language models (LLMs), for preventing cheating by students in writing. We designed an online survey of key questions, which was conducted at the beginning and the end of the BIP. The highlights of the survey are as follows: By the end of the BIP, 84% of the respondents agreed that the intended learning outcomes (ILOs) were fulfilled, 100% strongly agreed that artificial intelligence (AI) benefits the healthcare sector, 62% disagree that they are concerned about AI potentially eliminating jobs in the healthcare sector (compared to 57% initially), 60% were concerned about their privacy when using AI, and 56% could identify, at least, two known sources of bias in AI systems (compared to only 43% prior to the BIP). A total of 541 votes were cast by 40 students, who were the respondents. The minimum and maximum numbers of students who answered any particular survey question at a given period are 25 and 40, respectively.

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  • 26.
    Adey, E.A.
    et al.
    University of Exeter.
    Shail, R.K.
    University of Exeter.
    Wall, F.
    University of Exeter.
    Varul, M.
    University of Exeter.
    Whitbread-Abrutat, P.
    Eden Project.
    Baciu, C.
    University of Babes-Bolyai.
    Ejdemo, Thomas
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Lovric, I.
    University of Mostar.
    Udachin, V.
    Institute of Mineralogy.
    Corporate social responsibility within the mining industry: case studies from across Europe and Russia2011In: Proceedings of the Aachen International Mining Symposia (AIMS): 5th International Conference – Sustainable Development in the Minerals Industry (SDIMI 2011), Aachen, 14-17 June 2011, Aachen: Aachen University , 2011, p. 153-170Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Responsible mining requires a company to engage with local communities throughout all stages of their operations, from exploration phases through to post mining planning. Assessment of current and potential future social impacts allows a company to maximize the positive impacts they can have on a community, whilst minimizing negative social impacts from mining. Initiating and upholding effective stakeholder relations are key to a company`s ability to obtain and maintain their "social license" to operate. The level of interaction between mining companies and stakeholders, including local communities, varies substantially between and within countries. As part of the EU funded Framework 7 "ImpactMin" Project (Impact Monitoring of Mineral Resources Exploitation), we have examined the level of community engagement in mining and related processing industries at sites across Europe, including Romania (Rosia Montana), Sweden (Kristineberg), the UK (Cornwall), Bosnia Herzegovina (Vihovici) and Russia (Karabash, Gay and Mednogorsk). These sites reflect different stages in mining and therefore reveal a diverse range of issues and differing levels of community engagement. Our aim has been to focus not only on how practice varies, but also to try to explain the complex reasons behind the relationships that exist between mining companies and different stakeholders. Findings of questionnaires undertaken across the sites (between June - October 2010), and results of interviews and focus groups of different people linked to the mining industry, will also be discussed. The expectations that "mining" communities have of their local mining company vary substantially, directly relating to what the community believes the mine company owes them. These examples highlight that the notion of corporate social responsibility in the mining sector in Europe and Russia is fluid and changes according to the differing expectations and goals of stakeholders. We will present highlights of initial results. For example, Rosia Montana Gold Corporation, in Romania, is trying to reopen closed state gold mines. They have seen international media attention relating to campaigns by NGOs to oppose the mines reopening. Our results will help reveal what samples of different stakeholder groups really think of the mines reopening. This example contrasts distinctly with a mine in Kristineberg, Sweden, where Kristineberg village was built alongside the mine. There are now distinct issues felt within the community due to the decline in the number of people employed at the mine.

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  • 27.
    Admir, Dzamastagic
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences.
    Armin, Dzamastagic
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences.
    Bankers utlåning till mikroföretag: En kvalitativ studie om hur handläggare bearbetar och bedömer mjuk information2017Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Banks make the claim that the use of soft information is important in the credit assessment of opaque businesses. However, unlike hard information, precise guidelines on what soft information loan officers are expected to collect and report, and how it should be processed are not imposed by banks. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore what soft information loan officers consider to be of importance in the credit assessment and then to compare how it differs individually between loan officers. Further, we analyze how individual loan officers process soft information to make it sensible and usable. We examine the following factors likely to affect the approach of the loan officer: experience and knowledge, uncertainty associated with the case, and factors of time. The study is characterized by a qualitative research strategy. Semi-structured interviews including seven loan officers with different levels of expertise in commercial lending were conducted. Using the critical incident technique, we investigate how loan officers perceive their information processing and evaluation of soft information in real lending situations where hard information is insufficient or non-existent. In contrast, we also investigate how loan officers process soft information and evaluate cases that are perceived as less uncertain or more general in nature. The results show that obvious differences are present between individual loan officers and the emphasis that is being put on various soft information signals. However, soft information related to the business owner´s professional background, the presented business plan/idea, and the industry which the business operates in, seems to be of greater importance. Signals in the likes of how a business markets itself and attitude towards growing the business, are mostly of lesser to no importance. Other signals that were identified varied greatly in importance across our sample of loan officers. Next, we find that individual loan officers differ in how they go about processing different types of soft information. The results indicate that more experienced loan officers exert a greater effort in collecting and reflecting on soft information about the business owner, but are also more inclined towards processing and evaluating information about the industry in an intuitive matter, which in our case differs from inexperienced loan officers. Lower effort from inexperienced loan officers to process soft information about the business owner seems to be linked to the constraints of distinguishing and interpreting relevant soft information signals. Further, the results indicate that loan officers’ effort to be attentive towards soft information is affected by the level of uncertainty the loan officer experiences with a case. Finally, it appears as though individual loan officers assume different cognitive styles in which a combination of both analytic and intuitive methods are used in order to process soft information, rather than strictly relying on one approach. 

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  • 28.
    Adolfsson, Isabella
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences.
    Hägge, Magdalena
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences.
    Organisatorisk lojalitet i en turbulent tid av hög tillväxt: En empirisk studie av 223 anställda i svenska gasellföretag2018Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Organizational commitment is one important factor for organization performance and efficiency. During the last years, the interest for new and fast growing companies and their effect for the economic growth has increased. Studies within gazelle companies has earlier been based on their founders and managers. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine the employees’ organizational commitment and which factors affect the commitment. The study had a quantitative approach and was carried out with the help of a survey where 223 respondents participated. All respondents are working at Swedish gazelle companies. The collected data of the study were analysed by using a multivariate regression and path analysis. Cronbach’s alpha was used to test the measures reliability. The result show that there is a positive correlation between the employees’ nearness to the founder, recognition and job satisfaction with organizational commitment. The result also show that there is a negative correlation between monetary incentive and organizational commitment. The results provide indications for how managers in gazelle companies should work with these components and thereby increase the degree of organizational commitment to control the organizations growth in a better way.

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  • 29.
    Adom, Philip Kofi
    et al.
    Centre for Environmental and Resource Economics (CERE), Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Banking and Finance, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana.
    Amuakwa-Mensah, Franklin
    Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden.
    What drives the energy saving role of FDI and industrialization in East Africa?2016In: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews, ISSN 1364-0321, E-ISSN 1879-0690, Vol. 65, p. 925-942Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Analysis of the unconditional impacts of foreign direct inflows (FDIs) and industrialization on energy intensity does not show the hidden roles of some economic conditions such as income and trade openness. In this study, we focused on the conditional impacts of FDIs and industrialization on energy productivity using a panel data consisting of thirteen (13) East African countries covering 1980–2011. The baseline result shows that higher income and a well-integrated economy are pro-energy productive, but FDIs and intense industrialization are anti-energy productive in the sub-region. This result remains robust even when we exclude the high income group and control for income group effects. Income significantly promotes energy productivity more in low income group than middle income group. Intense industrialization and FDIs significantly decreases energy productivity only in low income countries. Trade openness significantly promotes energy productivity only in middle income group. We have shown that FDIs and income, intense industrialization and FDIs, and intense industrialization and globalization are complementary forces that promote energy productivity in East Africa but this is more evident for the middle income group than the low income group in the sub-region. Based on the result, we recommend a quadruplet programme called the “Growth, Industrial, Foreign investment and Trade programme” (GIFTP). Last, our result suggests that unconditional analysis of energy productivity should not be seen as an end in itself but a basis for further analysis.

  • 30.
    Adom, Philip Kofi
    et al.
    Department of Development Policy, School of Public Service and Governance, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Accra, Ghana.
    Amuakwa-Mensah, Franklin
    Environment for Development, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Agradi, Mawunyo Prosper
    Department of Economics, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
    Nsabimana, Aimable
    Rwanda Polytechnic, Rwanda; Department of Economics, University of Rwanda, Rwanda.
    Energy poverty, development outcomes, and transition to green energy2021In: Renewable energy, ISSN 0960-1481, E-ISSN 1879-0682, Vol. 178, p. 1337-1352Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 31.
    Adom, Philip Kofi
    et al.
    School of Public Service and Governance, Department of Development Policy, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA), Accra, Ghana; School of Economics and Finance (SEF), University of the WitWatersrand, Johanneshurg, South Africa; GIMPA - PURC Centre of Excellence in Public Utility Regulation (CEPUR), Accra - Ghana.
    Amuakwa-Mensah, Franklin
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology. Environment for Development (EfD), University of Gothenburg, Box 645, SE 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Akorli, Charity Dzifa
    School of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Economics & Hospitality, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Ghana.
    Energy efficiency as a sustainability concern in Africa and financial development: How much bias is involved?2023In: Energy Economics, ISSN 0140-9883, E-ISSN 1873-6181, Vol. 120, article id 106577Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study contributes to the literature on whether financial development stimulates technical energy efficiency (TEE) or not, by addressing core biases that creep into the relationship and thereby reducing the ability to draw causal inferences from financial development to TEE. Our approach is based on the instrumental stochastic frontier technique, where biases in the frontier and inefficiency equations are dealt with using external instrumental variables. The legal system origin of the country and life expectancy at birth were used as instruments for financial development and income, respectively. The current study demonstrates substantial bias in income elasticity, the estimate of energy efficiency, and the effect of financial development on energy efficiency. Both income elasticity and energy efficiency estimate risk upward bias. Equally, the effect of financial system development and financial institution development on TEE risk downward bias. Other results show that all aspects of financial institution development stimulate TEE, but access to financial institutions is more important. These results raise caution about future studies' estimates of the effect of financial development on TEE. Though this study has demonstrated the potency of external instruments in dealing with the bias in the coefficient estimates, we consider this might prove to be a luxury solution in some cases due to data limitation, context differences, and theory. In those circumstances, reliance on internal instruments might prove to be the second-best option.

  • 32.
    Adom, Philip Kofi
    et al.
    Department of Development Policy, School of Public Service and Governance, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA), Accra, Ghana.
    Amuakwa-Mensah, Franklin
    Environment for Development, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Amuakwa-Mensah, Salome
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences. Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Degree of financialization and energy efficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa: do institutions matter?2020In: Financial Innovation, E-ISSN 2199-4730, Vol. 6, article id 33Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 emphasizes the need for economies around the world to double their efforts in energy efficiency improvements. This is because improvements in energy efficiency can trigger economic growth and considered as one of the ‘green’ growth strategies due to its carbon free content. To this end, some empirical studies have investigated the nexus between economic growth and energy efficiency, but the effects of the latter on financial indicators have not been sufficiently studied in the literature, at least in developing economies like Africa. This study examines the effect of energy efficiency improvements on commercial bank profitability under different political regimes (i.e., autocratic and democratic political regimes); something previous literature had neglected. The study uses panel data, consisting of 43 African countries and the simultaneous System Generalized Method of Moments. We found that energy efficiency improvement is more likely to induce higher bank profitability in political institutions with the characteristics of centralization of power compared with those with decentralization of power. Furthermore, for the banking sector, the findings suggest that energy utilization behavior of clients should be included in the loan or credit valuation process. For the government, the agenda of energy efficiency should be aggressively pursued while taking cognizance of creating a political environment that weans itself from a ‘grandfathering’ behavior.

  • 33.
    Aerila, Juli-Anna
    et al.
    University of Turku.
    Kokkola, Lydia
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Arts, Communication and Education, Education, Language, and Teaching.
    Multicultural literature and the use of literature in multicultural education in Finland2013In: Bookbird: A Journal of International Children's Literature, ISSN 0006-7377, E-ISSN 1918-6983, Vol. 51, no 2, p. 39-50Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper traces the presentation of these traditional minority groups in Finland and the emergence of literature incorporating the more recently arrived groups of immigrants in the history of Finnish language children’s literature. We contextualize the development of multicultural themes in children’s literature within the history of Finnish nation-building and the country’s struggles for independence. We conclude with a brief consideration of how these less than ideal books might, nevertheless, serve to promote pluralism.

  • 34.
    Agbo, Friday Joseph
    et al.
    School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101, Joensuu, Finland; Computing and Data Science, Willamette University, Salem, OR, USA.
    Olaleye, Sunday Adewale
    School of Business, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Rajakatu 35, 40100, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
    Bower, Matt
    School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Oyelere, Solomon
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Computer Science.
    Examining the relationships between students’ perceptions of technology, pedagogy, and cognition: the case of immersive virtual reality mini games to foster computational thinking in higher education2023In: Smart Learning Environments, E-ISSN 2196-7091, Vol. 10, no 1, article id 16Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Researchers are increasingly exploring educational games in immersive virtual reality (IVR) environments to facilitate students’ learning experiences. Mainly, the effect of IVR on learning outcomes has been the focus. However, far too little attention has been paid to the influence of game elements and IVR features on learners’ perceived cognition. This study examined the relationship between game elements (challenge, goal clarity, and feedback) as pedagogical approach, features of IVR technology (immersion and interaction), and learners’ perceived cognition (reflective thinking and comprehension). An experiment was conducted with 49 undergraduate students who played an IVR game-based application (iThinkSmart) containing mini games developed to facilitate learners’ computational thinking competency. The study employed partial least squares structural equation modelling to investigate the effect of educational game elements and learning contents on learner’s cognition. Findings show that goal clarity is the main predictor of learners’ reflective thinking and comprehension in an educational game-based IVR application. It was also confirmed that immersion and interaction experience impact learner’s comprehension. Notably, adequate learning content in terms of the organisation and relevance of the content contained in an IVR game-based application significantly moderate learners’ reflective thinking and comprehension. The findings of this study have implications for educators and developers of IVR game-based intervention to facilitate learning in the higher education context. In particular, the implication of this study touches on the aspect of learners’ cognitive factors that aim to produce 21st-century problem-solving skills through critical thinking.

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  • 35.
    Aguilar Montaño, Joel Dorian
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts.
    Influence of COVID-19 on E-commerce sales: The omnichannel strategies case of the retail businesses in Sweden2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose - This thesis aims to describe the strategies employed by omnichannel experts in Swedish retail shops during the Covid19 pandemic. Furthermore, the integration of the physical and online channels is studied to describe the methods used to increase sales, especially in the online channels.

    Methodology – The study applies a qualitative method where semi-structured interviews were conducted with omnichannel experts from retail businesses.

    Findings – The aim of the retail shops during the Covid19 pandemic has been to perform in- store and online shopping despite the partial restrictions. Retail shops had to adapt to the changes in the Swedish market and the consumer behavior. The challenge of maintaining sales and remaining competitive has shown that Swedish retail shops have remained resilient and that adaptation has been key to their business strategies.

    Practical Implications – Retail businesses worldwide were forced to close their business except for their online services. However, Sweden is a particular case where retailers had to find solutions to their physical and online retail operations. Partial restrictions allowed them to carry out business activities in the Swedish market. Therefore, the current pandemic has influenced Swedish retailers to help them identify business strategies to boost their sales, especially online sales. As well as the data collection and literature findings, both cases suggest that adapting to new technologies is the key to increasing sales in all channels. Therefore, retailers should introduce new ways of working with the help of technological tools to become more competitive and provide excellent service to an increasingly demanding and technologically savvy customer.

    Contribution – This study contributes to the area of research that looks at how omnichannel retail structures can be improved to increase sales. And how they adapt to change market situations that influence consumer behavior.

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  • 36.
    Aguilera, Roberto F.
    et al.
    Curtin University, Australia.
    Radetzki, Marian
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Social Sciences.
    Climate Policy with Low Oil Prices2016In: JPT: Journal of Petroleum Technology, ISSN 0149-2136, E-ISSN 1944-978X, Vol. 68, no 2, p. 16-18Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 37.
    Aguilera, Roberto F.
    et al.
    Curtin University, Perth.
    Radetzki, Marian
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Rewolucja £upkowa: Oewiatowe rynki gazu i ropy naftowej w warunkach transformacji2015In: Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi, ISSN 0860-0953, Vol. 31, no 1, p. 5-26Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The shale gas and oil revolution has unexpectedly and forcefully begun to change the energy landscape in the United States. It is expected to spread beyond the US, with far reaching implications for the global energy map, but also for themacro-economy and politics ofmany countries. The purpose of this paper is to bring a better understanding to what prompted the revolution, to assess the production methods and associated environmental concerns, to speculate what can reasonably be expected in coming decades, and to sketch the full impact of a ripening shale revolution on the emerging economic and political policy choices for energy exporting and importing countries.We find that a large scale expansion can be expected in US shale gas and oil activities in the coming two decades. Globally, the shale leaders are likely to be countries that are already significant gas and oil producers. Setting up a policy framework to allow and promote shale development in a safe manner is a necessity for the launch of shale exploitation. The most important implication of a successful shale revolution would arguably be a downward pressure on gas and coal prices in regional markets and on the global oil price.

  • 38.
    Aguilera, Roberto F.
    et al.
    Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
    Radetzki, Marian
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Shale gas and oil: Fundamentally changing global energy markets2013In: Oil & gas journal, ISSN 0030-1388, E-ISSN 1944-9151, Vol. 111, no 12, p. 54-61Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Shale production on a significant scale arose quite recently and is so far limited to the US with gas having a few years' lead on oil. Shale has already had a significant impact on US gas and oil output. Further sizable production increases can be expected in the US, and the shale revolution is likely to spread, with a lag, across the globe. This will result in fundamental repercussions for international energy markets. The resources in focus of our attention, comprising shale gas and coalbed methane along with tight gas and tight oil, typically lack strict definitions and they often overlap. However, they are all characterized by low permeability that yields commercially insufficient flows from vertical drilling. The shale revolution is the result of technological breakthroughs in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing that have made vast dormant gas and oil resources economically exploitable

  • 39.
    Aguilera, Roberto F
    et al.
    Curtin University, Perth.
    Radetzki, Marian
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Skifferrevolutionen: hur den kommer att transformera de globala gas- och oljemarknaderna2014In: Ekonomisk Debatt, ISSN 0345-2646, Vol. 42, no 2, p. 30-41Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 40.
    Aguilera, Roberto F.
    et al.
    Curtin University, Perth.
    Radetzki, Marian
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    The Price of Oil2015Book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Drawing on their extensive knowledge of the oil industry, Roberto F. Aguilera and Marian Radetzki provide an in-depth examination of the price of the world's most important commodity. They argue that although oil has experienced an extraordinary price increase over the past few decades, we have now reached a turning point where scarcity, uncertain supply and high prices will be replaced by abundance, undisturbed availability and suppressed price levels. They look at the potential of new global oil revolutions to bring the upward price push to an end and examine the implications of this turnaround for the world economy, as well as for politics, diplomacy, military interventions and the efforts to stabilize climate. This book will appeal to a wide readership of both academics and professionals working in the energy industry, as well as to general readers interested in the ongoing debate about oil prices

  • 41.
    Aguilera, Roberto F.
    et al.
    Curtin University, Perth.
    Radetzki, Marian
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    The shale revolution: Global gas and oil markets under transformation2014In: Mineral Economics, ISSN 2191-2203, E-ISSN 2191-2211, Vol. 26, no 3, p. 75-84Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The shale gas and oil revolution has unexpectedly and forcefully begun to change the energy landscape in the USA. It is expected to spread beyond the USA, with far reaching implications for the global energy map, but also for the macroeconomy and politics of many countries. The purpose of this paper is to bring a better understanding to what prompted the revolution, to assess the production methods and associated environmental concerns, to speculate what can reasonably be expected in coming decades, and to sketch the full impact of a ripening shale revolution on the emerging economic and political policy choices for energy exporting and importing countries. We find that a large scale expansion can be expected in US shale gas and oil activities in the coming two decades. Globally, the shale leaders are likely to be countries that are already significant gas and oil producers. Setting up a policy framework to allow and promote shale development in a safe manner is a necessity for the launch of shale exploitation. The most important implication of a successful shale revolution would arguably be a downward pressure on gas and coal prices in regional markets and on the global oil price.

  • 42.
    Aguilera, Roberto F.
    et al.
    Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth.
    Radetzki, Marian
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    The synchronized and exceptional price performance of oil and gold: Explanations and prospects2017In: Resources policy, ISSN 0301-4207, E-ISSN 1873-7641, Vol. 54, p. 81-87Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper compares the global markets for gold and oil so as to explain the surprisingly high correlation of the two materials’ prices since 1970, and the exceedingly impressive rise of both price series compared with that of virtually all other primary commodities. We propose that developments in the oil market, and the resulting effects on the macroeconomy, influenced investment activity in gold, thus providing the most plausible explanation for the two commodities’ price synchronization. Our view on the extraordinary price increases of oil and gold, compared to a broad category of metals and minerals, is that oil prices rose first based on above-ground hurdles that restrained the capacity to produce, and gold prices then reacted as they were pushed up by rising safe-haven investment to store value – an attribute not shared by other metals and minerals. The paper also comments on the likely future price evolution of these important materials, arguing that oil prices will stagnate at levels observed from late 2014, or even weaken in the coming decades, but that gold prices will continue to ride relatively high – thus leading to a collapse of the oil/gold price connection.

  • 43.
    Aguirre, Linda
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts.
    What Influences Young Adults to Become Financially Literate: An Explorative Study On Swedish Young Adults’ Attitudes Towards Money2022Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The low financial literacy among young adults affects individuals’ financial decisions, which impact their well-being and societal welfare. To understand what influences young adults’ financial decisions, it is essential to develop knowledge in elements that give existence to financial literacy. Known factors which influence financial literacy are attitudes about money and socialization sources. The purpose of this thesis is to explore socialization sources’ influence on attitudes towards money and in which way attitudes about money influence young adults’ financial literacy. A theoretical framework regarding these constructs was developed. Based on the Money Attitude Scale (MAS) and socialization source theories, 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted, which were thematically analyzed by developing codes and themes connected to the research questions. The findings from the collected data indicate that young adults are influenced in childhood by how they were raised, their environmental values, and the society and its values that they were brought up in. Findings also indicate that young adults are influenced by trends, media, friends, and their own experiences later in life. The collected data also showed that young adults become more financially literate because of their distrust of banks, the desire to be successful and the best version of themselves, and fear of ending up in challenging financial situations. Some findings pointed to why young adults had low financial literacy, which was connected to fear of being judged, low interest in the subject and still being financially dependent on their parents. This study suggests that policymakers need to develop financial education programs that are directed to socialization sources that influence young adults’ attitudes towards money. Policymakers should also develop trends that actively influence young adults to become more financially literate. 

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  • 44.
    Agurell Blid, Julia
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health, Learning and Technology.
    Mellanstadielärares uppfattning om digitala verktyg inom svenskundervisning2023Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to find out what Swedish educators in middle school think about digital tools in school. The study includes earlier research combined with quantitative and qualitative research. The quantitative part of this study is based on 21 Swedish teachers' answers to a survey. The qualitative part of the study is based on interviews with two Swedish teachers. 

     

    The study shows that teachers who teach Swedish in middle school have a positive view of digital tools but that the usage of digital tools has both advantages and disadvantages. The study shows that the teachers believe that the pupils' motivation increases when they use digital tools but both the pupils' spelling and fine motor skills are negatively affected.

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  • 45.
    Ahl Bollesparr, Marcus
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences.
    Andrea John, Michelle
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences.
    Fondförvaltning: Går det fortfarande inte att generera en större riskjusterad avkastning än marknadens?2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Many Swedish households are investors, in 2018 investments in funds reached an average of 434 000 Swedish Crowns per person. The Nobel laureate Fama showed that yielding a higher risk-adjusted return than the market is not possible. Simultaneously, a great amount of actively conducted funds that pledges a higher return than the market is still launched today. Which arises a disorientation among small savers if passive or active conducted funds generate higher returns. Unlike previous studies, the range of funds were increased in this study. The purpose is to examine the returns of the funds with the performance measures Sharpe-ratio and Jensen’s Alpha. The results indicate that it is not possible to outperform a higher risk-adjusted yield than the market for the chosen time period. Overall, the passive funds had higher risk-adjusted returns compared to the active funds, which indicates that a higher fee for the funds is unjustified.

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  • 46.
    Ahlborg, Helene
    et al.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Division of Environmental Systems Analysis.
    Broäng, Frida
    Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg.
    Jagers, Sverker
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Söderholm, Patrik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Provision of electricity to African households: The importance of democracy and institutional quality2015In: Energy Policy, ISSN 0301-4215, E-ISSN 1873-6777, Vol. 87, p. 125-135Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    How can differences in per capita household electricity consumption across African countries be understood? Based on theories that highlight the importance of democracy and institutional quality for provision of public goods, the aim of the paper is to analyse the degree to which the level of per capita household electricity consumption in African countries can be attributed to the countries’ democratic status and their institutional quality. We rely on regression analysis employing a pooled data set for 44 African countries over the time period 1996–2009. The analysis shows that democracy and institutional quality both have significant positive effects on per capita household consumption of electricity. Our results have implications for how energy sector reforms are promoted in developing countries. At a more general level they illustrate that institution-building policy efforts are relevant also in areas where contemporary debates have tended to primarily centre on economic development, financial prerequisites and ownership issues.

  • 47.
    Ahlbäck, Cajsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health, Learning and Technology, Education, Language, and Teaching.
    Digitala resurser för förskolans yngsta: Förskollärares syn på teknikanvändning i undervisning med förskolans småbarn2023Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien är att beskriva och diskutera småbarns (1-3 år) digitala teknikanvändning i förskolan, med utgångspunkt i förskollärarnas beskrivningar av vilka digitala resurser som småbarnen erbjuds i undervisning och vilka undervisningsmål som förskollärarna knyter till användnningen av dessa. Studien utgår ifrån sociokulturella perspektivtaganden med vikt vid begrepp såsom stöttning och lärande genom sociala samspel. Datainsamling genomfördes med kvalitativa intervjuer där alla tre informanter var yrkesverksamma förskollärare i en barngrupp med barn i åldern 1-3 år. Tidigare forskning tar upp kring området digital teknologi och småbarn att det finns möjligheter i användarvänlig teknik för småbarn samt att småbarn har potential att bli såväl konsumenter som producenter med digitala verktyg. I resultatet framträdde fyra teman: "Småbarnen konsumerar digitala verktyg", "Småbarns kunskapsproduktion med digitala verktyg", "Språkstöd, skapande och naturvetenskapligt utforskande" samt "Samspel och stöttning som värde med småbarn och digitala verktyg" dessa relaterar till småbarn och digitala verktyg i förskolans kontext. Resultatet visar att småbarn dels positioneras som konsumenter, dels blir kunskapsproducenter genom bland annat multifunktionell programvara, digitala böcker och dokumentation. Digitala vertyg för småbarn i undervisning har visat sig göra sig särskilt framträdande som resurs i småbarns lärprocesser när det kommer till förbättrade undervisningsmiljöer, naturvetenskapligt utforskande, spåkutveckling och skapande. Detta sker främst i sociala samspel genom digitala resurser såsom digitala böcker via exempelvis Polyglutt, digitala bibliotek och bibliotekshyllor, mikroskopägg, Youtube samt sökmotorn Google.

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  • 48.
    Ahlin, Alexander
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences.
    Bergman, Joakim
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Avtalsslutande genom internet: En genomgång av avtalsrätt i förhållande till internet samt online auktioner2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Tekniken utvecklas mer för varje dag och i takt med detta så ingås avtal allt mer i elektronisk form. I takt med teknologisk framgång uppstår det dock nya problem. Frågan är om den åldrande regleringen i avtalslagen för traditionella avtal kan appliceras på dessa nya problem i förhållande till elektroniska avtal. Syftet med arbetet har varit att fastställa gällande rätt för elektroniska avtal. För att kunna göra detta har en redogörelse av innehållet i traditionell avtalsrätt gjorts. Därefter följer en analys samt en jämförelse av likheter och skillnader gentemot varandra. Detta arbete har använt traditionell juridisk metod för att besvara syftet. Resultatet av arbetet är att avtalslagens allmänna karaktär gör att lagen är applicerbar på elektroniska avtal samt internetauktioner. Det finns dock viktiga skillnader som med hjälp av praxis kommer klargöras. Den teknologiska utvecklingen i form av till exempel elektroniska signaturer har sett till att det nu är säkrare än någonsin att ingå elektroniska avtal.

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  • 49.
    Ahlin, Martin
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts.
    Miraglia, Andre
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts.
    Impactinvesterares tillämpningar av en genuslins i investering2023Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Interviews with impact investors have been conducted to gain a clearer understanding of how socially sustainable investments are made taking into account the identity and gender views of impact investors. The gender lens applied to the study aimed to investigate how gender has been taken into account during company audits and before investment decisions by the impact investors. Furthermore, social identity theory has formed the basis for the deductive study that has been carried out. It has been used to study the impact investors' self-image and how they acted in their professional role in order to gain a deeper understanding of the origin of the impact investors' actions in relation to their identity. These actions have been thematised and examined in terms of criteria, actions, challenges and measures. The recurring factor that most influenced both the company assessment and investment decisions was the dual goals of impact investors, financial return and impact.

    The clearest contribution the study made was that there is a clearer link between impact investors' self-image and their profession compared to other professionals. How this affects impact investors' actions could not be discerned. Furthermore, the study also found that gender is not taken into account during company audits and investment decisions to the extent that previous research has shown. Risk understanding, potentially increased returns and social sustainability are possible outcomes that gender lens investments contribute to. The study's findings suggest that impact investors were aware of this, yet few of the study's respondents were willing to consider gender when making investment decisions.

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  • 50.
    Ahlkvist, Alvina
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts.
    Hur lyckas organisationer implementera ISO 9001?: Ett medarbetarperspektiv2021Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Genom att arbeta med kvalitetsledning kan en organisation ständigt förbättras och bibehålla konkurrenskraft. Ett sätt att arbeta med kvalitetsledning är genom implementering av kvalitetsledningsstandarden ISO 9001. Standarden nämner sju principer, varav en är medarbetarnas engagemang, vilket är essentiellt för organisationer för att lyckas med implementeringen av ISO 9001. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur organisationer kan lyckas med att implementera ISO 9001 genom att undersöka vilka faktorer som bidrar till medarbetarnas engagemang och hur medarbetares engagemang kan stärkas.

    Litteraturstudier indikerar på flera faktorer som kan ha inverkan på medarbetares engagemang, vilka i sin tur beskrevs kunna påverkas med hjälp av förändringsledning. Med utgångspunkt i den teoretiska referensramen analyserades intervjuer, observationer och enkätundersökning med hjälp av tematisk och multivariat analys. På så sätt kartlades nuläget på fallföretaget. Tillsammans med resultatet från litteraturstudien framkom faktorer som kunde avgöra huruvida medarbetare engagerar sig i implementering av ISO 9001 eller inte.

     

    Av identifierade faktorer var det tre som kunde anses vara särskilt viktiga att hantera, då de antingen kan utgöra en barriär eller en framgångsfaktor för lyckad implementering. Faktorerna utgörs av Medvetenhet, Attityd, Användbarhet, Användarvänlighet och Ansvarskänsla, vilka har betydelse för att organisationer ska ta sig från sitt nuläge till sitt börläge. Nuläget utgör utgångspunkten för organisationen, och börläget representeras av en lyckad implementering: faktisk samt långsiktig användning av kvalitetsledningssystemet.

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