Tehran, the capital of Iran has undergone major urbanization in the last century, which has caused uncontrollable urban growth. Poor regulation and control of this growth has given rise to environmental problems including high air and water pollution. In turn, this has led to urban growth towards the mountains in the north, where the environment is better. However, this pressure to develop in the north has increased segregation of the city and created a clear social division of class between the northern and southern parts of the City.

In light of this, and in the context of Tehran as an extremely dense city with limited green space, the City sees a possibility in transforming an unused military airport in the southern districts of the city into a new urban park.

This master thesis explores how to reclaim the 270Ha former airfield and develop it as an urban park with strengthened links to surrounding neighbourhoods.

The work aims to gain an understanding of how large vacant areas can become successful public areas and green places in the community. The work is based on urban theory and site analysis and brings forward design proposals for the park.

Analysis work is divided into an investigative and exploratory stage. The investigative part includes literature studies, data collection and mapping of the city’s urban morphological development, taking into account physical and socio-economic processes. The exploratory part consisted of inventories, site studies and interviews in Tehran, as well as integration analysis with space syntax to explore accessibility and connections in the new park.

Throughout the study shows how and why the city has evolved and highlights a connection between living in the southern districts, which are low-income areas, with also having poor access to public and recreation areas.

This analysis forms the foundations for the design proposal, visualizations and programs presented about how the area can be designed as a new urban city park.

In conclusion, the study highlights that in order to be able to develop new places or renew existing area’s, consideration must be given to urban morphological development. This includes the socio-economic and socio-ecological process. It further concludes, that a ecological viewpoint together with a understanding of the physical environment, the urban landscape identity and the need of people in the context needs to be brought together to plan and create parks and urban spaces

Modul system HH deliver modular storage systems and electrical solutions that can be combined according to the customer's wishes. This thesis combines argues for the importance for companies to keep improving their organization and production to remain competitive. By relating to a holistic view of the development of production environments, the project focuses on improvements for efficiency and social sustainability in the development of production. The project became relevant as the company has discovered difficulties in balancing production in the event of capacity changes and wants to develop rational flows and increase its flexibility. The project is limited to exploring three assembly stations and the operations and flows that belong to the assembly. The project spiral's iterative 3-step development process was chosen for strategic planning. This methodology allowed the work to continue forward despite the lack of data. The first step deals with planning and processes where technology and users were examined. In this planning phase, a Gantt schedule was used in the ClickUp program to plan the project and to-do lists and deadlines could be set. A literature study was conducted to strengthen arguments and raise new ideas. The theoretical overview focuses on areas around production development with a focus on the development of layouts/assembly stations, psychosocial work environment and organizational management. In the second phase of the project, requirements and wishes were mapped. This was done together with the company, the results from this step were then used to evaluate concepts before detailed development. The project also has several parts of the framework that Muther & Wheeler developed called Systematic layout planning. It provided the tools to understand important connections through relationships and proximity analysis. These methods were also used to evaluate the results. Interviews, observations, and 3D modelling were also performed in this phase to gather information and to understand different production structures. Semi-structured interviews were performed with product managers, production designers, production planners. From these methods, I was together with some employees able to conclude that customer order-driven product development is the focus. That production places demand on rapid implementations in production and that modularity means great flexibility needs and fast lead times. We also found opportunities to minimize repetitive and time-consuming steps through development based on the operator's point of view. Concepts were developed through a development process based on proximity analysis, time studies and results from more subjective interviews. The concepts were then evaluated through an evaluation matrix based on formulated future requirements and wishes. The winning concept was developed in more detail and developed iteratively together with staff from the company. The final concept combines a new, more compact layout that considers proximity requirements between stations as well as flows of materials and operators. The final layout also introduces new types of material buffers and action proposals for improved collaboration and communication for increased flexibility.

We present a fairly large, Potential Idiomatic Expression (PIE) dataset for Natural Language Processing (NLP) in English. The challenges with NLP systems with regards to tasks such as Machine Translation (MT), word sense disambiguation (WSD) and information retrieval make it imperative to have a labelled idioms dataset with classes such as it is in this work. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first idioms corpus with classes of idioms beyond the literal and the general idioms classification. Inparticular, the following classes are labelled in the dataset: metaphor, simile, euphemism, parallelism, personification, oxymoron, paradox, hyperbole, irony and literal. We obtain an overall inter-annotator agreement (IAA) score, between two independent annotators, of 88.89%. Many past efforts have been limited in the corpus size and classes of samples but this dataset contains over 20,100 samples with almost 1,200 cases of idioms (with their meanings) from 10 classes (or senses). The corpus may also be extended by researchers to meet specific needs. The corpus has part of speech (PoS) tagging from the NLTK library. Classification experiments performed on the corpus to obtain a baseline and comparison among three common models, including the state-of-the-art (SoTA) BERT model, give good results. We also make publicly available the corpus and the relevant codes for working with it for NLP tasks.

Rapporten belyser skogsarbetets förändring i storskogsbruket under perioden 1900 – 2013 under inflytande av rationalisering och humanisering som förändringsprocesser. Utgångsläget var ett ytterst slitsamt, riskabelt och lågbetalt säsongsarbete i kyla och snö, med bortaliggning i undermåliga kojor.

I periodens början fullbordades en spontan rationalisering som inletts i slutet av 1800-talet och som bestod av att effektivare handredskap – olika typer av sågar, barkspadar och hanteringsdon - ersatte yxan som universalredskap. Organiserad rationalisering av skogsarbetet kom igång först i slutet på 30-talet. Den hämtade då sin inspiration från industrin som vid det laget hade anpassat amerikanen F W Taylors rationaliseringskoncept till den svenska arbetsmarknaden och kulturen. Arbetsstudier blev grund för effektivisering av det manuella skogsarbetet och för en rättvisare lön. Men skogsbruket kom sedan att finna egna vägar, som ledde till en världsunik teknisk och organisatorisk utveckling med början på 1950-talet och kulmen kring 1990. Under de senaste två årtiondena har rationaliseringen i skogsbruket anslutit sig till ”mainstream” i näringslivets utveckling, som styrs allt mera av dels den globaliserade marknadens mekanismer samt dels ”Lean”, ett hopkok av amerikanska och japanska organisationskoncept, och med ”outsourcing” som främsta verktyg. Under perioden 1940-2005 utvecklades produktiviteten kraftigt, med särskilt stora språng 1960-75 och 1990-2005. Efter 2005 skedde en stagnation.

Humaniseringen av skogsarbetet inleddes med provinsialläkaren Hasslers larm 1907. Starten blev trög men skogsarbetarnas boende och mathållning kom att förbättras på många håll fram till 1930-talets slut. Då blev humanisering en integrerad del av den systematiska rationaliseringen, vilket innebar radikala förbättringar av det manuella skogsarbetet. När mekaniseringen tog fart under 50- och 60-talet kom människan i produktionssystemet bort ett tag, vilket ledde till omtag på humaniseringsprocessen. Ergonomin utvecklades som redskap och som vetenskap. Från slutet av 70-talet till slutet av 90-talet blev humaniseringen, stödd av flera aktörer, åter en integrerad del av rationaliseringen, nu underbyggd av det ”sociotekniska” organisationskoncept som utvecklats av engelska och norska arbetsforskare. Arbetets organisation kom i fokus. Den totala humankvaliteten kulminerade åren kring 1990. Skogsarbetet nådde då en höjdpunkt vad gäller mångsidighet, kontaktrikedom, variation, självbestämmande, ansvar och uppmärksamhet. Sedan inleddes en viss avhumanisering. Humaniseringsaktörerna försvagades eller försvann. Marknadens ”osynliga hand” tog alltmera över utvecklingen. Humankvaliteten försämrades på en rad punkter som i huvudsak kan hänföras till organisationsmiljön – färre personliga kontakter, längre arbetsresor, sämre skiftformer, kortare framförhållning och sämre kvalitet i planeringen samt sänkt relativ lönenivå. Försämringarna kompenseras delvis av att maskinernas förarmiljö och driftssäkerhet förbättrats avsevärt, men generellt har skogsarbetet förlorat i attraktivitet. Historiken summeras utförligt i kapitel 11.

I kapitlet 12 om framtidens arbetsliv nationellt och i skogsbruket hävdar författaren att det behövs ett tidsanpassat humaniseringskoncept av samma dignitet som det på 60-talet lanserade sociotekniska konceptet. En skiss på ett sådant ”socioekonomiskt” koncept presenteras, inklusive en begreppsapparat som gör anspråk på att vara innovativ, samt en rad åtgärdsförslag. Därvid beaktas lärdomar från det förgångna.

Utgångspunkten för detta examensarbete var att utveckla en kompositionsmetod med utgångspunkt i en tavla för att skapa en ”simulerad synestesi”. För att skapa kompositionsmetoden har tonsättare med synestesi intervjuats samt har en undersökning om hur en grupp människor tittar på en tavla utförts. Ursprungligen så fanns det bara en vilja hos mig att komponera ett stycke baserat på en tavla tillsammans med en nyfikenhet kring fenomenet synestesi. Under examensarbetets gång har kompositionsmetoden samt undersökningen utformats. Detta resulterade i ett två komponerade stycken och båda styckena utgick ifrån varsin synestesi.

Studien syftar till att belysa hur kulturella möten mellan lärare och elever på gymnsieskolans estetiska programs musikinriktning påverkar musikundervisningens repertoar och upplevelsen av denna från ett lärar- och elevperspektiv. I studien används Pierre Bourdieus teorier om hur alla människor socialiseras in i olika habitus, det vill säga seder och vanor som ligger till grund för vår smak, och hur detta samspelar med olika kapitalarter och olika fälts dömande institutioner. Detta har undersökts genom en kvalitativ studie där nedslag gjorts vid två svenska gymnasieskolor. Vid vardera skola har en lärare respektive en elev intervjuats med utgångspunkt i ensembleundervisningens innehåll och resonemang kring repertoarurval. Resultatet visar att både elever och lärare utgår ifrån sig själva vid val av repertoar vilket på sikt leder till att ett musikakademiskt habitus reproduceras och föranleder en kritisk diskussion kring hur musikutbildningen tenderar att gynna och misgynna elever utifrån habitus men också hur  elever vid gymnsieskolans estetiska programs musikinriktning kan gå miste om chanser att ta till sig av olika sorters musikaliska uttryck på grund av det fältnära habitus som skapas i skolmiljön. Utifrån detta föreslås liknande studier i större skala, liknande studier inom kulturskola, folkhögskola och musikhögskola, kvantitativa studier i hur genrerepresentationen i gymnasieskolans ensembleundervisning ser ut, studier av aktiva unga musiker utan gymnasial eller eftergymnasial musikutbildnings habitus och musikutbildningens habitus utifrån ett genusperspektiv

Cycling is a highly beneficial activity that can positively impact individuals, the planet, countries, and cities. It is, therefore, imperative to encourage more people to cycle while reducing obstacles that lead to the use of alternative modes of transportation, such as cars. One of the major challenges that cyclists face is the theft of their bicycles, which can cause significant discouragement and inconvenience. To address this issue, a Master's Thesis was undertaken to investigate ways of reducing bike theft in urban environments. The research question posed in the study was how to minimise bike theft in urban settings. The paper outlines the project's planning and context, identifying the bike stand as the most promising product category to address the issue. Behavioural and persuasive design strategies were implemented to enhance the stand's effectiveness. The research involved comprehensive interviews, ideation, modelling, and prototyping to find a solution that meets the requirements of the scenario. Potential users tested the designs to optimise the product to meet their needs and collective concern. The final concept incorporates most requirements and is discussed for its potential impact on society, sustainable development, and cyclists. By reducing bike theft, the solution can encourage more people to cycle, thus promoting sustainable transportation and reducing carbon emissions and diseases associated with inactivity. The study provides valuable insights into designing effective solutions to address social challenges and promote sustainable development in urban environments. 

Syftet med det här arbetet är att undersöka hur jag med hjälp av den kognitiva neurovetenskapens forskning om hjärnans koncentrations- och uppmärksamhetsförmåga, kan förbättra och effektivisera min instudering och framförandet som pianist av tre verk med tre skilda speltekniska krav från tre olika tidsepoker. Jag har strävat efter att hitta metoder för att kontrollera min koncentration och uppmärksamhet bättre vid övning och framförande. Vidare vill jag genom bredden av repertoaren, skapa en mall som kan hjälpa mig och framtida musiker förbättra spelet genom kontrollerad koncentration vid övning och framförande.

I det här arbetet har jag valt tre verk som är skrivna av kompositörerna J.S. Bach, W. A Mozart och F. Chopin. Verken är Preludium och fuga i Bess-dur BWV 866, Sonat nr 4 i Ess-dur och Ballade nr 3 i Ass-dur. Dessa är verk som pianister vid ett eller annat tillfälle spelar och tacklar de eviga svårigheterna som är att behärska polyfonin, artikulationen och flexibiliteten i sitt spel. Jag har skrivit om arbetsminnet roll för koncentrationen och inspirerats och strävat efter att hitta en mall för att kontrollera min koncentration och applicera mallen på verkens svårigheter och vad min lärare föreslagit att jag förbättrar i mitt spel.

Mitt arbete har resulterat i att jag utifrån en mall på olika sätt har applicerat forskningen om hjärnans arbetsminne och dess roll för koncentrationen till att hjälpa mig i musicerandet, hur mallen har sett ut för att kontrollera koncentrationen, hur jag har applicerat och arbetat utifrån den i min instudering och framförande och därigenom har kunnat förbättra mitt spel. 

Den svenska undervisningen har uppdrag att utbilda och forma elever till att vara självständiga och fungerande medborgare (Skolverket, 2019). Detta innebär att undervisningen ska hjälpa samtliga elever att nå kunskapskraven, oberoende av de eventuella svårigheter som eleverna kan ha där vikt ligger i att den undervisande läraren differentierar undervisningen. Differentierad undervisning innebär att anpassa undervisningen utifrån varje elevs förutsättningar och behov. Genom att anpassa undervisningen får elever tillgång till de verktyg de kan behöva för att utveckla de kunskaper som är nödvändiga för en fullgången grundskola (Skolverket, 2019). Syftet i denna studie var att undersöka den grad av differentiering som finns i utvalda läromedel i svenskämnet utifrån en läromedelsanalys och hur läromedel inom svenska har utvecklats för att uppfylla krav på differentiering. I studien har fem nyare läromedel och två äldre läromedel analyserats och jämförts där resultatet visar att utveckling av läromedel skett i samband med digitaliseringen som skedde under 2000-talet, något som bidragit till att fler elever kan förstå och bearbeta innehållet i majoriteten av de nyare läromedlen. Samtidigt visar resultatet att beroende på vilket läromedel som analyseras varierar graden av differentiering. Utifrån det resultat som framkommit ur denna studie kan beslut tas om vilket läromedel som är mest gynnsamt att använda i klassrummet för att kunna möta samtliga elever på deras kunskapsnivå inom svenskämnet i årskurs 1.

The purpose of this essay was to understand why the old mining site in Nautanen continues to pollute the enviroment in the immediate area. Based on the actor-network theory, different actors have had different interests in Nautanen. All actors have been studied neutrally and the starting point has been that there is an ontological equality between the actors – no actor is stronger than the other. Different materials have been processed through a qualitative case study method. The study showed that the post-treatment trials were not fully carried out. This was because two actors, Gällivare municipality and the landowner Sveaskog, were unable to agree on the future responsibility for Nautanen. Thus, it resulted in the project coming to an end and the pollution continuing to pollute. Analyzing the results highlights different evidence for different conclusions about wich actor is the stronger actor and is responsible for why Nautanen continues to pollute. Is it Gällivare municipality or Sveaskog? Is it the law or the state?

Syftet med studien var att bidra med kunskap om ljudbokens påverkan på gymnasieelevers förmåga att arbeta, förstå och reflektera över skönlitterära texter. Genom Selander och Kress didaktisk designteori skapades en lärsekvens med inslag av Chambers litteratursamtalsmodell. Studien genomfördes med en elevgrupp i svenska 2 på en gymnasieskola. Under första lektionen behandlades ljudbokverisionen av en novell med tillhörande litteratursamtal. Under följande lektion behandlades den andra novellen där samtliga elever fick läsa tyst för sig själva innan tillhörande litteratursamtal. Resultatet analyserades genom innehållsanalys. Studiens främsta resultat visade att auditiv läsning främst påverkar elevernas förståelse av berättarperspektivet. Dessutom framkom både likheter och skillnader mellan en auditiv läsning och läsning av typografisk text. En aspekt som var synlig i båda fallen var främst koncentrationsförmåga under läsprocessen. 

Young adult literature is enjoyed by both adolescents and adults. This genre of literature is often contemporary and tends to deal with real life issues, for example cultural and social aspects of young people’s lives. Such social issues can be, for example discrimination and racism, topics highly relevant to discuss in the Swedish upper secondary English classroom. This essay performs a didactic literary analysis of All American Boys, a young adult novel dealing with racism and police brutality in the USA. The primary focus in this essay is arguing for how literature, specifically, All American Boys, can be used to promote students’ critical thinking and intercultural awareness in the Swedish upper secondary school English classroom. The literary analysis of All American Boys found that the novel’s dual narrative offers a powerful and complex insight to social issues, making it suitable a suitable material to use in the Swedish upper secondary English classroom. The dual narrative in the novel can help students develop, not only reading comprehension in English, but also intercultural competence, as well as an opportunity to practice their critical thinking skills, specifically through working with comprehension constructors. 

The aim of this paper is to challenge the physical and conceptual boundaries of educational places and spaces with the use of metaphor: the story of Professor Kirke’s magic wardrobe in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, the first book in The Chronicles of Narnia by CF Lewis (1950). By explicating and theorising the concerns that arise, we provoke diverse ways of thinking about the complexities of shifting, expanding, constantly evolving educational spaces and places. In our theorisations, we draw on the philosophy of the life-world through Maurice Merleau-Ponty, on a post-structural approach through Julia Kristeva’s work, and on the new-materialist perspective of Gilles Deleuze. As these three philosophical perspectives draw upon different basic assumptions about humans and the world, they also illuminate different aspects of a variety of phenomena and concepts, which we elaborate on in this paper to reach a more comprehensive understanding of educational spaces and places. Our argument arises from philosophical engagements with the story of the Pevensie siblings’ transformation – and transportation – to Narnia through the wardrobe, with notions of educational openings and opportunities, to explore possibilities for reimagining the conceptions and realities of places and spaces in education. To conclude, citizens of today, including children, students, teachers, politicians and researchers, need to discuss basic assumptions for education and policy to reimagine the entangled complexities of educational spaces and places.

Trafikverket plans to soon upgrade theplatform of Murjek station, a small-scale trainstation that constitute Jokkmokkmunicipality's only railway station alongMalmbanan and has clear links to touristdestinations. In connection with this, amapping of touristic aspects for smaller trainstations related to tourism shall be made andan associated design program for Murjekstation area will be developed.This method in this report consists of doing asystematic literature review, interviews andfield studies, which served as the base for themapping that has been done. The goal of thisreport is to, through the touristic aspects andthe design program, answer the followingscientific questions:How can a design proposal for a small-scaletrain station linked to tourism look like?● What features are important to create anaccessible and functional train station?● What parameters are important for a smallscaletrain station seen from a touristicperspective?How should Murjek station and thesurrounding station area be designed in orderto promote tourism development in asustainable way?● How can touristic experience values be metthrough the design of the station area?● What touristic aspects should be met in thedesign of Murjek station?Through following the method ofåtgärdsvalsstudier, the station area has beeninventoried and a summarized view of theshortcomings in the area has been compiled.Furthermore, measures of action based on theinterviews and theory have been developedand evaluated which has culminated in thetouristic aspects. These, along with the theoryfor the design of train stations, were the basisfor the design program.The compiled touristic aspects cover the areasof design, information, culture, art,functionality, and social aspects and aredesigned to be applicable to all small-scalestations linked to tourism. The design programis divided into three parts: the station area,the station building and the platform. All threeareas have been renovated and adapted to bemore accessible and functional based onexisting guidelines and to meet the touristicaspects developed.The design program embodies the practicalapplication of the touristic aspects and theexisting guidelines for functionality,accessibility, and design. This result is meantas a source of inspiration for other small-scalestations and demonstrates the possibility tocombine all of these elements into anattractive travel center that is well suited forall types of travelers, including persons withdisabilities and tourists.The report is geographically limited to Murjekand its vicinity and is limited to theparameters tourism, accessibility, andfunctional adaptation.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att redogöra för pedagogernas syn på vilka kommunikativa strategier nyanlända barn använder för att få tillgång till och vara delaktiga i leksituationer på förskolan. Forskningsfrågorna är: vilka verbala och icke verbala strategier använder de nyanlända barnen i leksituationer och hur kan de nyanlända barnens strategier förstås i relation till andra barns språkande?

Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är det sociokulturella perspektivet, eftersom det sociala samspelet har stor betydelse bland annat i barnens lärande och utveckling.  Examensarbetet är utfört utifrån en kvalitativ metod med intervjuer som grund till det empiriska materialet.

Resultaten visar att nyanlända barn använder sig av icke-verbala strategier exempelvis kroppsspråk för att kunna bli delaktiga i leken. Icke-verbala strategier hjälper nyanlända barn att bli förstådda i relation till andra barns språkande. I resultaten framkommer det också att pedagogernas närvaro har en viktig roll i de nyanländas delaktighet samt att bli förstådda. Slutsatsen av studien är att nyanlända kan ha stort behov av stöd och hjälp på grund av språket, ny kultur och ny miljö, vilket pedagogerna behöver vara uppmärksamma på. En annan slutsats är att pedagogerna förhåller sig interkulturellt genom att lära sig ord och meningar på de nyanländas modersmål. Vårdnadshavarnas delaktighet är en viktig slutsats som har stor betydelse för nyanländas trygghet och utveckling på förskolan. Pedagogernas medvetenhet om nyanländas beteende är av vikt samt att inte låta eventuella fördomar färga det professionella förhållningssättet gentemot barn och vårdnadshavare.

En tecknad film skapad av Pennfilm med Per Åhlin, Alicja Björk och Lasse Persson som regissörer. Filmen består av tre historier av Astrid Lindgren med karaktärerna Emil och Ida i Lönneberga. Astrids egen röst används. 

Filmen är producerad av Filmlance International AB och fick 8 miljoner i produktionsstöd från Svenska Filminstitutet. Den distribueras av SF Film och finns tillgänglig på flera plattformar. Första gången var biopremiär 25 december 2013. Den senaste plattformen var visning i SVT med påföljande tid tillgänglig i SVT Play under hösten 2016. Både tecknandet och inspelningen av musiken gjordes på ett äldre traditionellt sätt. D.v.s. alla bildrutor har tecknats för hand. Musiken har spelats in i akustisk studio under Georg Riedels ledning med hjälp musiker och musiktekniker. Till den större delen har musikernas insatser skett tillsammans och utan pålägg. Därefter har musiktekniker och Georg Riedel mixat materialet för filmmediet. 

Georg Riedel - musik

Jon Allan - ljudproducent/ljudtekniker

Filmlance International AB - producent

Pennfilm - teckning av film

SF film - distributör

Discrepancies in loudness (i.e. sensation of audio intensity) has been of great concern within the broadcast community. For television broadcast, disparities in audio levels have been rated the number one cause to annoyance by the audience. Another problem area within the broadcast and music industry is the loudness war. The phenomenon is about the strive to produce audio content to be at least as loud or louder to any other audio content that it can easily be compared with. This mindset, when deciding for audio level treatment, inevitably leads to an increase in loudness over time, and also, as a technical consequence, a decrease of utilized dynamics. The effects of the loudness war is present in both terrestrial radio transmissions as well as in music production and in music distribution platforms.

The two problems, discrepancies in loudness and the loudness war, both emanate from the same source; regulations of audio levels and the design of measurement gear have not been amended to cope with modern production techniques. At the time when the work on this thesis started, the ruling technical recommendations for audio level alignment were based on peak measurement. This measured entity has poor correspondence to loudness. To counter the above described problems, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has developed new recommendations for audio alignment, EBU R 128 and ITU-R BS.1770. The new definitions for loudness measurement constitutes simplified models on the human perception of audio intensity. When using the new recommendations in production, the problems have been shown to diminish.

For an engineer in a live broadcast scenario, measurement equipment also need to be updated in real-time to illustrate a time-variant loudness of the signal. EBU and ITU also has regulated how this type of measurement gear should behave. EBU Tech 3341 and ITU-R BS.1771 define properties for live loudness meters. These recommendations has since the time of publication been implemented in measurement equipment from manufacturers and become available in production facilities.

This thesis investigates the conceptions that have led up to the present recommendations for live loudness meters. It maps out the (at the time) present ways to evaluate the same. Emanating from this knowledge, a new methodology to evaluate loudness meters is proposed that combines qualities from former methods to achieve an alternative balance between ecological validity and control in the experiment design. The methodology includes a procedure to capture data from engineers’ actions and the resulting audio levels from simulated broadcast scenarios. The methodology also incorporates a way to process this type of data into different parameters to be more accessible for interpretation. It presents an approach to model the data, by the use of linear mixed models, to describe different effects in the parameters as the result of the meters’ characteristics. In addition, a review on publications that examine the engineers’ own requests for beneficial qualities in a loudness meter has been condensed and revised into a set of meter criteria that specifically is designed to be applied on the outcome of the mixed models. The outcome of the complete evaluation yields statements on meter quality that are different and complementary to formerly proposed methods for meter evaluation.

The methodology has been applied in two different studies, which also are accounted for in the thesis. The conclusions from these studies has led to an increased understanding of how to design live loudness meters to be satisfactory tools to the engineer. Examples of findings are: the effect of the speed of the meter, as being controlled by one or several time constants, on the readability of the meter and the dispersion in output levels – some tested candidates, with higher speed than the present recommended ones, has been shown to be adequate as tools; the three-second integration time has been shown to generate a smaller dispersion in output levels than the 400 ms integration time; the effect of the gate in BS.1771 on the resulting output levels– the gate generally leading to an increase in output levels. The acquired knowledge may be used to improve the present recommendations for audio level alignment, from EBU and ITU.

Spotify som en strömmande medieaktör har idag en stor roll att spela för hur dagens, framförallt populärmusik, produceras och låter. Med den digitala tekniken, och i synnerhet den strömmande tekniken, underlättas möjligheten till förändring av innehållet i de ljudande filerna. Det går därför att finna många olika ljudande versioner av en och samma inspelning. Olikheterna kan dels bero på att verket har anpassats för olika distributionsformat, men kan också bero på att äldre verk har mastrats om för att få en dynamik och klangbild som motsvarar produktioner i närtid. I detta projekt har en studie, baserad på lyssningstester, genomförts för att utröna på vilket sätt dynamik och klang i musikproduktioner får betydelse för den musikaliska upplevelsen och vidare, hur utbildning och erfarenhet inom musik- eller ljudområdet kan spela roll i ens preferenser för olika versioner av samma inspelning. Ett huvudsyfte med kapitlet är att medvetandegöra lyssnandet för att förstå hur teknik både kan hjälpa och stjälpa möjligheterna till upplevelse av musik samt att öka medvetenheten för de kvaliteter i det musikaliska språket som kan komma att påverkas av de produktionsbeslut som berör dynamik och klang. 

A method is proposed for evaluating audio meters in terms of how the engineer acts with the fader as dependent on the meter and corresponding recommendation at hand. The proposed method is used to evaluate different meter implementations, three conforming to the recommendation EBU R 128 and one conforming to EBU Tech 3205-E. In an experiment, engineers participated in a simulated live broadcast show and the resulting fader movements were recorded. The movements were analyzed in terms of different characteristics: Mean fader level, Fader variability and Fader movement. Significant effects were found showing that engineers do act differently depending on the meter and recommendation at hand. The method was found useful and may complement other methods to give more perspectives when evaluating audio meters

Qualities of loudness meters were investigated by running a simulated live broadcast show, mixed by subjects with different degrees of audio engineering experience. The subject-induced fader movements and the resulting output levels were analyzed using a general linear mixed model and then interpreted according to a proposed set of quality criteria for live loudness meters. The results show that, for subparts of the program. meters with slower integration lime caused less dispersion of the resulting output levels and a smaller error to a given target level. The varying integration tunes of the meters did not cause any significant differences in reaction time. It is concluded that this type of data may be used in evaluation of loudness meters and the specific study provides insight into the effect of time scales and meter implementation for EBU R 128-compliant meters.

As a response to discrepancies in loudness levels in broadcast, the recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union and the European Broadcasting Union state that audio levels should be regulated based on loudness measurement. These recommendations differ regarding the definition of meter ballistics for live loudness meters, and this paper seeks to identify possible additional information, needed to attain a higher conformity between the recommendations. This work suggests that the qualities we seek in a live loudness meter could be more differentiated for different time scales (i.e. Momentary and Short-term that is defined by two different integration times), and therefore also should be evaluated by different evaluation criteria.

The EBU recommendation R 128 regarding loudness normalization, is now generally accepted and countries in Europe are adopting the new recommendation. There is now need to know more about how and when to use the different meter modes, Momentary and Short term, proposed in R 128, as well as to understand how different implementations of R 128 in audio level meters affect the engineers' actions. A method is tentatively proposed for evaluating the performance of audio level meters in live broadcasts. The method was used to evaluate different meter implementations, three of them conforming to the recommendation from EBU, R 128. In an experiment, engineers adjusted audio levels in a simulated live broadcast show and the resulting fader movements were recorded. The movements were parameterized into "Fader movement", "Adjustment time", "Overshoot", etc. Results show that the proposed parameters produced significant differences caused by the meters and that the experience of the engineer operating the fader is a significant factor.

Different ballistic definitions for the momentary time scale used in live loudness measurement were evaluated. Definitions from the ITU and EBU were compared as well as a faster version of the ITU version, two asymmetric time scales and the deprecated ballistics, defined in EBU Tech 3205-E, for peak program meters. The goal was to identify the ballistics definition that would function as the best complementary tool to a short-term time scale. Engineers within the broadcast industry and students in audio technology performed an audio alignment task in a simulated live broadcast environment using one ballistics definition per trial. Fader movements and output levels were recorded. After each trial, a set of assessment scales were rated by the subjects. Some results were: a decay time constant of 250 ms yielded better representation of the low-level parts of the dynamics in the signal compared to a 400-ms time constant; the present ITU version of the momentary time scale yielded an estimated less eye fatigue; effects on the resulting output levels, related the gate in ITU-R BS.1770 in conjunction with live compensation of unadjusted audio material were shown.

A cross-disciplinary study between the two research areas of Audio Technology and Music Education was performed to assess how different aspects of education and experience may influence the experience of music listening given a typical streaming service-Spotify.(1) The point of departure is that streamed media facilitates a plenitude of versions of the same song. The paper focuses on the differences that these different songs yield from various mastering processes and production choices motivated by the end distribution media and user settings in the playback system that aim to alter the sound. These variations may all lead to differences in musical dynamics and timbre. A listening test was conducted to examine listeners’ preferences, the assessed audio quality, and subjects’ reports on how the music content affected them when given the possibility to compare versions in a controlled environment. The test subjects (n = 76) represented populations with various educational backgrounds and experience within music and audio technology. Among the results, it was found that education and experience in some cases do affect preferences.

The Indigenous Sami people traditionally live in what is now Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Russia. A crucial matter for Indigenous peoples, including the Sami living in Sweden, is that of the recognition of their land rights and access to their traditional lands. This article’s aim is to present and analyse recent case law developments in Sweden that relate to the recognition and protection of Sami land rights, specifically the Girjas and Talma cases, through legal-scientific and textual analyses and relevant legal literature. Both cases concern Sami reindeer herding rights in Sweden and the Swedish state as defendant. These cases raise complex legal issues and historical circumstances, demonstrating the need for the Swedish state to treat Sami land rights as equal to other civil rights in Swedish society, in line with international human rights law.

Detta är en kvalitativ studie med intervjuer som tillvägagångssätt. Studien innehåller en forskningsöversiktöver elever med svenska som andraspråks svenskundervisning i åldersgruppen förskoleklassupp till årskurs tre, och en beskrivning av olika lärares uppfattningar om svenskundervisning för nyanländaelever. Mina frågeställningar rör lärares upplevelser och arbetssätt med nyanlända elever isvenskundervisningen. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt ligger i språkutvecklande arbetssätt (Gibbons,2002) och den interkulturella teorin. Denna teori innebär att människor skapar en ömsesidigförståelse och respekt mellan varandra i olika situationer. Detta appliceras i denna forskningsrapporthos elever och lärare, och situationer som rör svensk-undervisningen i åldersgrupperna förskoleklassupp till årskurs 3.

The purpose of the study was to investigate what classroom teachers working in grades F–3 consider affecting pupils’ reading motivation and how they perceive that fictional book choices and working methods affect pupils’ reading motivation and reading development. The background section begins with a description of how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as well as how choosing fiction and teaching methods affects the pupils’ reading motivation and reading development. The study has its theoretical starting point in the sociocultural perspective and in the Self-determination theory. The data of the study has been gathered through qualitative semi-structured interviews with six different primary school teachers. The interviews were recorded as audio files to be transcribed and then be summarised with the different steps by the analysis method. The result shows that, in accordance with the previous research, the asked classroom teachers believe that reading motivation can increase pupils’ reading development. Since motivation is not constant, it is important that the primary school teachers always has the students interests and experiences in mind while working with fiction in order to maintain reading motivation. The result also shows that the classroom teachers as well as previous research think that time is crucial for the pupils to develop their reading motivation to the extent that they eventually can become part of our knowledge society.

Efter att ha gått en kurs i fri improvisation där jag fick utforska min violas möjligheter till att producera ljud, väcktes en nyfikenhet hos mig kring utökade speltekniker som kan förekomma i nutida konstmusik, så kallade extended techniques. Jag fick tips om etydsamlingen Viola Spaces av Garth Knox där olika extended techniques presenteras och bestämde mig för att studera in fyra av dem. De etyderna jag valde behandlar olika stråktekniker, nämligen sul ponticello, sul tasto, tremolo och olika sätt att dra stråken på.

Under arbetets gång redogör jag för de svårigheter jag stötte på under min inlärningsprocess av etyderna samt hur jag gick till väga för att lösa dem. Arbetet redovisas dels genom videoinspelningar som jag gjorde i samband med mina övningstillfällen och dels genom material från de anteckningar jag förde under processen. Jag tar också upp tolkningsfrågor av notationen och reflekterar kring instruktionerna om hur musiken ska framföras.

Arbetet har resulterat i att jag känner mig bättre förberedd på att spela nutida konstmusik än vad jag gjorde tidigare. Jag har också utökat min kunskap om olika stråktekniker.

Jazzimprovisation är ett moment i min övning som jag till och från upplever som omöjligt att behärska. Särskilt svårgreppat kan det kännas då alla lärare jag haft mer eller mindre antytt att konsten att improvisera är ett oändligt uppdrag. Den generella uppfattningen verkar vara att man aldrig blir färdig, helt enkelt.

Mitt mål var att i alla fall att höja nivån och min stilkännedom inom grenen genom att noggrant studera något som alltid dyker upp när man diskuterar jazzimprovisation (och all annan musik också för den delen). Nämligen treklanger.

Jag har utformat ett övningsschema som består av egna förslag på hur man kan närma sig treklangerna för att skapa en vokabulär som är gångbar inom just jazzen. Jag har också fått med mig en del gitarrteoretiska/tekniska moment som garanterat kommer att gynna mitt spel i framtiden. Exempel på sådana är nya fingersättningar samt en bättre förståelse för melodisk riktning i form av överlagringar och måltoner.

Because Swedish teachers rely heavily on teaching materials in the form of grammar education, the content and structure thereof should be important for which knowledge is taught. The purpose of the present study is to analyse and problematise how teaching materials for the college preparatory course Swedish 2 structure the sections dealing with grammar. The empirical material of the study consists of five teaching materials for the upper secondary school subject Swedish 2, which were analysed on the basis of qualitative text analyses. The results of the study showed that the teaching materials are characterised by either a functional grammar, where the grammar is seen as a normative tool for writing, or as a static and unproblematised conceptual knowledge. Furthermore, it is also shown that many of the study's teaching materials have shortcomings and are far from always completely in line with the curriculum’s objectives. There is also a significant difference between the school grammar presented in the study's teaching materials and the one that linguistics advocates. This suggests that it is highly central to question the legitimacy of the teaching materials. Finally, it is concluded that the teaching materials should be removed from the traditional grammar description so that teachers can choose teaching materials whose grammar sections are similar to linguistics.

Forestry has a long history in Sweden and came during the 20th century to end up in a series of conflicts with the interest groups advocating the immaterial values of the forest. The purpose of this discourse analysis is to describe the power relationships that were prevalent during the 1980s forestry in the municipality of Jokkmokk. This study primarily focuses on highlighting the voices during the 1980s forestry in the municipality of Jokkmokk who were silenced by groups that prioritize the material values of the forest. How the colonized have acted and reacted will also be discussed. This study shows that the municipality of Jokkmokk became overly exploited in the 1980s which came to create the power relationships between forest interest groups. Felling affected both reindeer herding and the local population and it is possible to speak of the 1980s as a continued post-colonial era where a colonial discourse is prevalent. The survey also shows that it was possible to resist but that the votes in favor of the forest's immaterial values were easily neglected.

Syftet med denna studie är att skapa en djupare förståelse för pedagogers förhållningssätt i mötet med barn i socio-emotionella svårigheter. Studien undersöker vilken betydelse pedagogerna anser att barns socio-emotionella utvecklingen har samt vilka strategier de använder för att möta och underlätta för barn i socio-emotionella svårigheter. Vi använder en kvalitativ metod för att besvara våra forskningsfrågor samt intervju som datainsamlingsmetod.

Resultatet i studien visar att informanterna som deltagit uttrycker ett liknande förhållningssätt och bemötande i mötet med barn i socio-emotionella svårigheter. Likaså använder de snarlika strategier för att främja och underlätta för dessa barn. Deras utgångspunkt är att varje enskilt barn ska mötas utifrån sina egna behov och förutsättningar. Informanterna placerar inte heller svårigheterna hos det enskilda barnet, utan istället är det verksamheten som måste anpassas och förändras. 

I detta arbete undersöks olika sätt att leda församling i sång av folkliga koralmelodier. Dessa olika varianter tar sig uttryck i psalmsångsledning med ackompanjemang på orgel, ledsagning på fiol samt ledning av a cappella-sång. Arbetets gång har varit att först arrangera orgelackompanjemang till tre koralmelodier, därefter instuderades dessa arrangemang samt två koraler som skulle sjungas utan orgel. När denna instudering var gjord samlades en grupp av människor för att gestalta en gudstjänstfirande församling och sjunga de utvalda koralerna. Detta spelades in med enbart ljud och utöver det fick de deltagande fylla i en enkät. Enkätsvaren är till stor del bärande för de slutsatser som dras – vilket inte är särdeles många.

Den här uppsatsen handlar om hur några gymnasieelever som studerar dans på estetiska programmet upplever kreativitet och eget skapande. Syftet med studien var att undersöka elevernas upplevelse av kreativt skapande inom skolans ramar med fokus på kurserna Dansgestaltning 1 och Koreografi. Det som undersöktes var vilka faktorer som bidrar till att skapa en kreativ miljö och vilka som kan hindra det egna skapandet. Insamlade data bygger på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Sammanlagt gjordes fem enskilda intervjuer med elever från årskurs två och tre på en gymnasieskola i Sverige. Dessa intervjuer transkriberades sedan och analyserades för att hitta olika teman. Temana kodades sedan i olika undergrupper som analyserades. Det som kom fram i resultatet var att eleverna upplevde skapande av dans i skolan som något positivt. När de skapande uppkom känslor som glädje, entusiasm och lugn. Det framkom även vad eleverna behövde för hjälpmedel för att kunna skapa dans. De behövde ha en förförståelse för olika danssteg, en stor lokal med speglar, musik och rätt sinnesstämning. Faktorer som kunde hindra dem var liten yta, klasskamrater, dålig självkänsla, och höga krav på sig själv. Min slutsats var att eleverna ser skapandet som något positivt och de flesta hjälpmedel de behöver finns redan i skolan. Det framkom även att faktorer som hindrar vissa elever i deras skapande kan ha en positiv effekt på andra elevers skapande. Något som också framkom var att eleverna påverkades ytterst lite av betygen.

Målet med det här arbetet har varit att utvecklas som låtskrivare och även utveckla mitt eget sound. Detta har jag gjort genom att välja ett album som jag med en analysmetod analyserat för att sedan applicera kunskapen jag fått på mina egna kompositioner. Analysen resulterade i att jag fick kunskap om albumets grund, men även små detaljer som jag sedan hade att utgå ifrån i min låtskrivnings- och inspelningsprocess. Samtliga låtar spelades in och slutligen reflekterade jag över hur pass bra metoden jag använde av mig var, vad jag känner att jag tar med mig till framtiden samt andra lärdomar som detta arbete medförde.

Mina förhoppningar med det här arbetet är att hjälpa till att skapa ett sätt att få inspiration inom låtskrivning och eget sound. Detta leder förhoppningsvis i sin tur till att man får med sig verktyg till framtiden som kan hjälpa ifall man känner att man fastnat inom sitt konstnärliga skapande.

Arbetets analysmetod kan förhoppningsvis användas till att analysera musik från olika genrer för att få en djupare förståelse om musikens innehåll.

In this essay, a hypothesis, based on new theories in education and preventing current school problems,will be critically tested. In this testing, I will use two types of analytical methods. Through a qualitativeanalysis of the curricula, LGY70, LPF94 and GY11, this paper examines the views of knowledge,goals and school requirements reflected in them. Through a quantitative analysis of school statistics,obtained from the National Agency for Education and Swedish Statistics bureau, the effect of eachcurriculum on the proportion and number of students with a high school diploma, and equality betweenmale and female students' exam frequency, are examined. My hypothesis is: LGY 70, with amore classic view of knowledge, have been more efficient in these respects. In the analysis of thecurricula, other researchers' theories and analyses of the same curriculum are examined for comparativepurposes. The theoretical hypothesis background is based on modern research in cognitive science,brain research, linguistics, and the history of ideas. In theory, one objects to what the authorscall, a postmodernist paradigm within the school and the view of knowledge. The authors believe thata classical school of knowledge is more favourable for students' education and the solution to thecurrent school problems. The purpose of the essay is not to criticize the theory behind the hypothesis,i.e. the scientific theories, e.g. brain research or postmodernism. Nor does it criticize ideas in, pedagogy,socioeconomics, gender studies, et al. The study confirms the hypothesis, which also possiblyexplains that the curricula's view of knowledge affects school results and gender equality in schools.Besides, there is then also support that a classic form of knowledge, education and school is preferable.

In today's digital age, efficient field operations are crucial for success across various industries. However, usability challenges are often overlooked in favour of functionality, hindering seamless task execution in the field. Evado, a company specialising in software solutions for field workers, offers the Evado Mobile Flow application to help streamline their operations. Yet, as demands evolve and complexities increase, usability shortcomings become increasingly apparent.

Therefore, this master's thesis aims to optimise field operations by redesigning Evado Mobile Flow to enhance usability and efficiency. Critical usability challenges within the current interface are identified, such as usage difficulties for new users, followed by a comprehensive redesign process using the double diamond design approach. The methodology encompasses discovery, definition, development, and delivery phases, ensuring an effective outcome.

The project started with the discovery and define phases, focusing on understanding user needs and interface limitations. Various techniques, including literature review, benchmarking, navigation flowchart, interviews, observations, hierarchical task analysis, and personas, provided valuable insights into the interface and user understanding, which helped to understand the existing problems.

Next up was the development and delivery phase, which employed ideation methods such as braindrawing and scampering to generate a broad range of improvements and ideas. These were evaluated through a Pugh matrix and refined through iterative prototyping. The winning design proposal then underwent usability tests, focusing on task completion rates, clicks, user satisfaction, and potential improvements. The initial round of testing on the first prototype prompted a redesign, addressing newly identified usability challenges and introducing new functionalities aligned with evolving user needs. After a redesign, the final design underwent a second usability test and a system usability scale, yielding a usability score of 88.8 and recommendations for future iterations.

Recommendations for future work and iterations include exploring the redesigned interface's long-term impacts on field operations and opportunities for further enhancement. This thesis emphasises the importance of user-centred design in developing effective digital solutions and provides a framework for similar endeavours in mobile interface design.

The use of encyclopedias has since their entry in Sweden, played a central role in communicating and defining knowledge to society. This essay examines the representation of peoples (race) in Africa, Asia and the Orient in encyclopedias between 1845-2020. The essay aims to explain and show how several selected concepts have changed in the encyclopedias’ descriptions over time in Sweden. The results show that the encyclopedias were highly influenced by racial biology and scientific racism the further back in time the encyclopedias were issued. People from Africa, Asia and the Orient were described with external characteristics and at times associated with different psychic characteristics. Through the representation of appearance, at times presented as different and foreign, one can see a construction between “we” and “the others”. The encyclopedias also made descriptions of people with generalizing derogatory concepts that were imbued by racism and dogmatic views on the different. Descriptions of peoples appearance and character traits were something that gradually disappeared over time.

During 1960 and 1970, several Domus department stores opened in the city centres of Sweden. By car, both local and long distance visitors could visit the Domus department store. As the external shopping centres and electronic commerce appeared, the number of visitors to the city malls (previously Domus department stores) has decreased. Nowadays, it is common for trade business to be forced to close the business because of the competition from external shopping centres and electronic commerce. This results in the fact that empty rooms nowadays are commonly found in city mall buildings. With the empty spaces, the city mall buildings have a limited range of goods and services. Less visitors to the city mall buildings result in less visitors to the place next to the city mall building, but also less visitors to the entire city centre.The purpose of this master thesis is to contribute with increased knowledge of how the existing city mall buildings can be redesigned as an idea and in its design. This because it is necessary to meet today’s challenges how the city mall buildings can contribute to a better sustainable and an attractive urban environment. The aim of this master thesis is to find a new design and function for Odenhuset in Trollhättan. The result should also be able to apply for similar existing city malls in central urban environments.The study was conducted by using the method called Research by Design. The method contains the three phases: pre-studies, design process and design analysis. Through Research by Design, it is possible to create a design proposal for the new function of the building where the proposal is based on scientific pre-studies. The first phase pre-studies includes site visits and literature studies. The city mall buildings that were visited for thestudy are either in the leading edge of Mixed Use or does the visited city mall building has many empty premises in the building.The conclusion of this master thesis is to find a new function for a centreclose city mall building, it is essential to accept the trade development. How trade has developed and changed is based on what human needs has looked like. Since external shopping malls and electronic commerce meetpeople nowadays needs better than the city malls does, the competition for customers has arisen. The result of the design proposal is therefore flexible and adaptable in order to make the city mall buildings once againbe able to meet new and future human needs. The design proposal and the new function of the city mall building should conveniently include different activities available for everyone. To combine different activities creates a wider range for the place. A wider range makes better conditions for the building to get more visitors and movement around the place.The design proposal gives space in the city mall building for activities thatmakes people’s everyday lives work better.

This bachelor thesis explores how the composer handles and structures his composing based on pre-determined timeframes and how the composing process are affected by these given timeframes. The theory chapter brings up how short deadlines to compose affect how filmcomposers and other artists work when they create or compose. Previous studies bring up that composers want to write faster and be more efficient. 

Three different musical pieces were composed to explore different lengths of pre-determined timeframes. Piece nr. 1 had a timeframe of 10 hours, piece nr.2 had a timeframe of 25 hours and piece nr. 3 had a timeframe of 50 hours to compose. All the pieces were written for a string quartet and had in addition to the timeframes a few other specific rules to follow. 

The conclusion that came of this study was a deeper understanding of how pre-determined timeframes affect a composer’s creative process. A short timeframe gave the composer an intense couple of days of composing where the creative choices were based mostly from previous knowledge and inspiration of other musical pieces. A long timeframe gave the composer more time to reflect on the music that was written and a chance to explore new ideas. With a long timeframe the composer could challenge himself to create something entirely new. The short timeframe was easier to structure and be efficient on. The longer timeframes got harder to structure in terms of what the composer thought he could and would create in that amount of time. 

Efter att vid två olika tillfällen spelat på masterclasses för violinprofessor Ulf Wallin, rekommenderades jag ett huvudinstrumentbyte från violin till viola. Detta med tanke på de rygg- och nackproblem som jag brottats med under en längre period och som hindrat mig från att komma vidare i mitt violinspel.

I detta arbete utforskar jag speltekniska skillnader mellan violin och viola. Jag har under åtta veckor systematiskt övat på skalor, etyder och repertoar. Jag har valt att dela upp processen i fyra olika moment: instrumentfattning, stråkteknik, intonation och altklav. Under processen redogör jag för hur jag arbetat med de olika momenten och med hjälp av mina lärare tagit mig an de utmaningar jag stött på. Jag har regelbundet fört loggbok och antecknat intressanta saker jag upptäckt under övningspassen. Jag har också spelat in videoklipp för att kunna följa min utveckling. Jag har analyserat denna process utifrån Gibsons affordance-begrepp, vilket har fått mig att inse varför jag har olika förutsättningar beroende på om jag spelar violin eller viola.

Arbetet har resulterat i att jag uppnått en förbättrad teknik och musikaliskt uttryck. Jag redovisar det genom en inspelning jag gjort av ett solostycke med ljud och bild i en gotländsk kyrka.


The purpose of this article is to study four primary school teachers and how they work with LGBTQ-perspectives. Four schools, of which two are LGBTQ-certified by RFSL, are included in this study. The study reveals a lack of knowledge regarding LBTQ issues in three out of the four teachers. Norm critical practices are not continuously applied by the teachers in their work, with the exception of one who does apply them. None of the teachers had come in to contact with LGBTQ through their own education. The conclusion I have drawn from my work on this article is that an improvement of competence concerning LGBTQ related issues among personnel working in school environments is required. LGBTQ-certification does not seem to come with a lasting effect; follow-ups and continuous work are required to change the strong norms that are currently present in society. As Skolverket clearly advocates for the inclusion of all students, regardless of gender, cross-gender identity or expression, ethnic background, religion or other faith, disability, sexual orientation, or age, the requirements of competency improvement regarding the application of norm critical practices should come through guidance from above to assure quick results.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka två förskolors arbete i relation till förskolans mångkulturella uppdrag samt vilka arbetsformer som används. För att undersöka detta har kvalitativa gruppintervjuer utförts på två olika förskolor. Den ena förskolan har många flerspråkiga barn medan den andra förskolan har ett fåtal flerspråkiga barn. Resultaten av studien visar på att det finns en skillnad i hur förskolorna arbetar med det mångkulturella uppdraget. I förskolan där många av barnen är flerspråkiga arbetar de dagligen med mångkultur medan det i förskolan där det finns ett fåtal barn som är flerspråkiga endast arbetar med svenska traditioner vid högtider. Vilka arbetsformer som används i arbetet ser också olika ut beroende på hur förskolorna ser på det mångkulturella uppdraget. Studien har utgått ifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv där förskolornas mångkulturella arbete analyserats utifrån såväl ett sociokulturellt som ett interkulturellt perspektiv. 

The aim with this research is to improve and apply vocal tools in duo performance with a pianist, and to gain a deeper understanding of what it means to be an expressive vocalist. To answer this, the study has following research questions: 

What tools are needed to become a more expressive vocalist?How can those vocal expressions be applied in collaboration with a pianist? How can such collaboration improve our joint expression in duo performance? 

The result chapter presents the process of improving the vocal expressive tools through imitation, dividing expressive tools into mood and/ or feeling enhancing tools, and planning of vocal expressive tools. It is further developed with collaborative interpretations of three songs, Smile (Chaplin, 1936), A Case of You (Mitchell, 1971), and I Shall Be Released (Dylan, 1968), in order to apply the expressive tools and study the joint expressions. By using stimulated recall and open coding, the collaborative interpretations were studied to reflect over the progress. 

The study concludes that awareness of how to apply expressive tools contributes to being able to express the intended expression without feeling it. In addition to being able to control one's vocal techniques it is useful for an expressive vocalist to contain aspects such as facial expressions, body movements, visible interaction between co-musician(s) and visible interaction between performer and perceiver. By becoming aware of what tools one uses where, and why one uses them, it develops the understanding of how the tools can be used to enhance the individual and joint expression in duo performance. 

For the pianist's perspective on the collaborative outcome, read her study in Mellberg (2022).