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  • 1.
    Aalipour, Mojgan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Human Factors Approach for Maintenance Improvement2015Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this research work is to explore and describe human factors affectingmaintenance execution. To achieve the purpose of this study, the influencing factors have been identified using a literature survey. They have been categorized into four main groups namely organizational, workplace, job and individual factors. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is employed on data questionnaires to rank the priority of the factors. The interrelationships between these factors have been recognized by theInterpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) model. In the present case studies, MICMAC1analysis technique is also implemented for identifying the driving, dependent, linkage and autonomous factors. The data was collected through a questionnaire survey involving the participation of 16 and 25 maintenance staff and 10 mining experts in Swedish and Iranian mines, respectively. Within the study, it has been identified that the temperature, work layout, tools design and tools availability are the most important factors in both mines related to these categories. However, the significant factors in the organizational and individual categories are different in the selected mines. The effect of workplace factors on the maintainability of mining equipment is discussed and thereafter a methodology for maintainability management in the design and operation phases is developed. In the thirdcase study HEART2 is applied to estimate the probability of human error occurring duringmaintenance execution in an Iranian cable company. This research supports maintenance management to gain knowledge of human factors that affect maintenance execution. Further, this understanding could be useful in the development of strategies to improve the execution of maintenance.Keywords: Human Factors, Maintenance Management, Human Reliability, HumanPerformance, AHP, ISM, MICMAC, HEART

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  • 2.
    Aalipour, Mojgan
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Ayele, Yonas Zewdu
    Department of Engineering and Safety, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø.
    Barabadi, Abbas
    Tromsø University, Department of Engineering and Safety, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø.
    Human reliability assessment (HRA) in maintenance of production process: a case study2016In: International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management, ISSN 0975-6809, E-ISSN 0976-4348, Vol. 7, no 2, p. 229-238Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human reliability makes a considerable contribution to the maintenance performance, safety, and cost-efficiency of any production process. To improve human reliability, the causes of human errors should be identified and the probability of human errors should be quantified. Analysis of human error is very case-specific; the context of the field should be taken into account. The aim of this study is to identify the causes of human errors and improve human reliability in maintenance activities in the cable manufacturing industry. The central thrust of this paper is to employ the three most common HRA techniques—human error assessment and reduction technique, standardized plant analysis risk-human reliability, and Bayesian network—for estimating human error probabilities and then to check the consistency of the results obtained. The case study results demonstrated that the main causes of human error during maintenance activities are time pressure, lack of experience, and poor procedure. Moreover, the probabilities of human error, obtained by employing the three techniques, are similar and consistent

  • 3.
    Aalipour, Mojgan
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Barabadi, Abbas
    Tromsø University, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway.
    Work place factors effect on maintainability in challenging operating conditions2015In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM): Singapore, 6-9 Dec. 2015, Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Communications Society, 2015, p. 767-771, article id 7385751Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Some industries such as mining industry create complex and challenging work place for maintenance crews. For example in an underground mine, for some machines, heavy maintenance tasks must be performed on site in a limited workspace in a harsh environment, including dust and improper illumination. Such operating conditions can increase the health, safety, and environment (HSE) risk, reduce the availability of the machines and increase the life cycle cost of equipment. A review of current mining equipment design and maintenance procedure confirms that considerable reduction in HSE risk, as well as substantial cost savings, can be achieved by considering human factors. This study discusses the effect of workplace factors on the maintainability of mining equipment. It presents the results from questionnaires on the effect of work place factors on maintainability performance given to maintenance staff at two mines, one in northern Sweden and the other in Iran.

  • 4.
    Aalipour, Mojgan
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Singh, Sarbjeet
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Identification of Factors affecting Human performance in Mining Maintenance tasks2014In: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop and congress on eMaintenance: June 17-18 Luleå, Sweden : eMaintenance, Trends in technologies & methodologies, challenges, possibilites and applications / [ed] Uday Kumar; Ramin Karim; Aditya Parida; Philip Tretten, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2014, p. 71-76Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper investigates the factors affecting humanperformance in maintenance task in mining sector. Theobjective is identify various factors and to classify them asdriving (strong driving power and weak dependence) anddependent factors (weak driving power and strongdependence). The factors were identified through literaturesurvey and are ranked using mean score of data questionnaire.The reliability of measures is pretested by applyingCronbach’s alpha coefficient to responses to a questionnairegiven to maintenance personnel. The interrelationshipsbetween human factors have been recognized by interpretivestructural modeling (ISM). Further, these factors have beenclassified using matrice d'impacts croises-multiplicationappliqué à un classement (MICMAC) analysing. This casestudy will figure out the factors affecting human performancefor deriving maintenance management insights to improveproductivity in the mining sector. Further, this understandingmay be helpful in framing the policies and strategies formining industry. Temperature, lighting, documentation,communication and fitness are driving factors. Moreover,Work layout, tools availability, complex tasks, time pressure,safety, boss decisions, training, fatigue and motivation havestrong driving power as well as high dependencies and itcomes under the category of linkage factors.

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  • 5.
    Abrahamsson, Lena
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Kaplan, Alexander
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.
    Johansson, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Rask, Kjell
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Fältholm, Ylva
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Kumar, Uday
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Bergquist, Bjarne
    Projekt: LUPO - globala länkar2010Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 6.
    Abuhussain, Mohammed Awad
    et al.
    Architectural Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
    Ahmad, Ayaz
    Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
    Amin, Muhammad Nasir
    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
    Althoey, Fadi
    Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
    Gamil, Yaser
    Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
    Najeh, Taoufik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Data-driven approaches for strength prediction of alkali-activated composites2024In: Case Studies in Construction Materials, E-ISSN 2214-5095, Vol. 20, article id e02920Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Alkali-activated composites (AACs) have attracted considerable interest as a promising alternative to reduce CO2 emissions from Portland cement production and advance the decarbonisation of concrete construction. This study describes the data-driven predictive modelling to anticipate the compressive strength (CS) of AACs. Four different modelling techniques have been chosen to forecast the CS of AACs using the selected data set. The decision tree (DT), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), bagging regressor (BR), and AdaBoost regressor (AR) were employed to investigate the precision level of each model. When it comes to predicting the CS of AACs, the results show that the AR model performs better than the BR model, the MLP model, and the DT model by providing a higher value for the coefficient of determination, which is equal to 0.91, and a lower MAPE value, which is equal to 13.35%. However, the accuracy level of the BR model was very near to that of the AR model, with the R2 value suggesting a value of 0.90 and the MAPE value indicating a value of 14.43%. Moreover, the graphical user interface has also been developed for the strength prediction of alkali-activated composites, making it easy to get the required output from the selected inputs.

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  • 7.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Aircraft scheduled maintenance programme development: decision support methodologies and tools2010Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The air transport business is large in its operations, integrated, automated and complex. Air carriers are constantly striving to achieve high standards of safety and simultaneously to attain an increased level of availability performance at minimal cost. This needs to be supported through an effective maintenance programme which has a major impact on the availability performance and which ultimately can enhance the aircraft’s capability to meet market demands at the lowest possible cost. The development of a maintenance programme is challenging, but can be enhanced by supporting methodologies and tools. The purpose of this study is to develop decision support methodologies and tools for aircraft scheduled maintenance programme development within the framework of Maintenance Review Board (MRB) process. To achieve the purpose of the research, literature studies, case studies, and simulations have been conducted. Empirical data have been collected through document studies, interviews, questionnaires, and observations from the aviation industry. For data analysis, theories and methodologies within risk, dependability and decision making have been combined with the best practices from the aviation industry. One result of the research is the identification of potential areas for improving the use of MSG-3 methodology in aircraft scheduled maintenance development. Another result is the development of a systematic methodology guided by the application of an Event Tree Analysis (ETA) for the identification and quantification of different operational risks caused by aircraft system failures, to support decision making for maintenance task development. A third result is a proposed methodology, based on a combination of different Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodologies, for selecting the most effective maintenance strategy for aircraft scheduled maintenance development. Finally, the fourth result is a proposed Cost Rate Function (CRF) model supported by a graphical approach. The approach can be used to identify the optimum maintenance interval and frequencies of Failure Finding Inspection (FFI) and to develop a combination of FFI and restoration tasks for the aircraft’s repairable items which are experiencing aging. These results are related to some of the specific industrial challenges, and are expected to enhance the capability of making effective and efficient decisions during the development of maintenance tasks. The results have been verified through interaction with experienced practitioners within major aviation manufacturers and air operators.

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  • 8.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    An assessment of operational consequences of failures to support aircraft scheduled maintenance program development2007Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A majority of the direct and indirect maintenance costs in the life cycle of aircraft stems from the consequences of decisions taken during the initial maintenance program development. In particular, the preventive and corrective maintenance requirements, which greatly influence both the system availability and life cycle cost, need to be defined in order to perform only those preventive actions that are absolutely necessary and costeffective. Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) is a systematic methodology used to identify the preventive maintenance tasks that are necessary to realize the inherent reliability of equipment at the lowest possible cost. Developing a scheduled maintenance program by means of RCM consists of identifying those preventive tasks which are both applicable (technically feasible) and effective (worth doing). An applicable maintenance task must satisfy the requirements of the type of failure to restore the item's initial performance capability. To be effective, a preventive maintenance task must lead to a reduced risk (or expected loss) of the consequence classes to a level which is acceptable to the user. In the design development phase, in order to identify the most cost effective solution, a design trade-off study is needed. This involves choosing the correct balance of the cost of consequences of failure and its correction, with their cost of prevention. However, during initial aircraft maintenance program development, lack of a methodology that supports the assessment of the operational consequences of failures has made the costeffectiveness analysis of maintenance tasks a challenging issue. This might reduce the accuracy of the analysis, which results in higher maintenance costs and may decreases the punctuality of operation, which ultimately increases the total aircraft life cycle cost. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for identifying different operational consequences and associated costs caused by aircraft system failure, in order to facilitate and enhance the capability of taking correct and efficient decisions when analyzing the cost-effectiveness of maintenance tasks. Some empirical studies of possible scenarios involving aircraft failures and their operational consequences for a commercial airline have been performed. Empirical data were extracted through document studies and interviews, guided by the application of an Event Tree Analysis (ETA). The analysis was performed together with experienced practitioners from both an aircraft manufacturer and commercial airlines, which contributed to a continuous verification of the outcomes of the study. Finally, the study has also estimated the associated cost of the identified operational consequences of failures. In order to quantify the operational consequences of failures, in the absence of adequate and reliable data, a methodology using pair-wise comparison technique has been applied to extract judgments of experts efficiently

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  • 9.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Arasteh Khouy, Iman
    Kumar, Uday
    Schunnesson, Håkan
    Selection of maintenance strategy, using analytical hierarchy process2009In: Communications in Dependability and Quality Management, ISSN 1450-7196, Vol. 12, no 1, p. 121-132Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Selection of appropriate maintenance strategy is key to economic viability of aviation and manufacturing industries. The study discusses and presents an approach to facilitate the selection of the most appropriate maintenance strategy on the basis of the cost-benefit analysis by using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). The goal is to select the most cost-effective alternative, among Run-To-Failure (RTF), Preventive Maintenance (PM), incorporating Prognostic Health Management(PHM) capability, or any possible Design-Out Maintenance (DOM) strategies, which positively affects on aircraft operational availability. In this paper we proposed a stepwise algorithm to guide the selection process, based on two criteria of operational availability (benefit) and cost of failure.

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  • 10.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Block, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Garmabaki, Amir
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Project: Efficient Performance Based Air Vehicle Maintenance, Supported by VINNOVA (NFFP-6), Luleå University of Technology, Saab Support and Services, SAAB Aeronautics2014Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 11.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Block, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Garmabaki, Amir
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Project: Enhanced Life Cycle Assessment for Performance-Based Logistics, Supported by Vinnova (NFFP-5), Saab Support Service and Luleå University of Technology2014Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 12.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Block, Jan
    Kumar, Uday
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Risk based maintenance deferral for components subject to hidden failure2012In: 2012 proceedings: Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS 2012) : Reno, Nevada 23-26 Jan. 2012, Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Communications Society, 2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the aviation industry, it may be necessary to employ a combination of Failure Finding Inspection (FFI) and a scheduled discard task at a specific threshold, when a component is aging and its failures are hidden and exert a “safety effect”. This is to ensure an adequate level of availability of hidden functions, and to reduce the risk of multiple failures to an acceptable level. However, in some situations, operators prefer to extend the discard life of components beyond their recommended life limit, due to operational needs or logistic issues. This necessitates the definition of an optimal Failure Finding Inspection interval for the extended life period. The main purpose of this paper is to develop analytical and graphical methodologies to identify the optimal FFI interval for extension of the discard life of aircraft components. The paper considers repairable components which are periodically tested. The methodology assumes that the inspection and repair actions lead to as-bad-as-old (ABAO) reliability characteristics.The graphical approach proposed in this paper considers inspection and repair times, as well as the costs associated with accidents, inspection, and repair, and it takes into account the opportunity losses due to the maintenance downtime. The analytical approach for calculating the unavailability of the hidden function is based on the Mean Fractional Dead Time (MFDT).

  • 13.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Franson, Torbjörn
    Saab Aerosystems, Linköping.
    Crona, Anneli
    Saab Aerosystems, Linköping.
    Klein, Markus
    Saab Aerosystems, Linköping.
    Söderholm, Peter
    Integration of RCM and PHM for the next generation of aircraft2009In: 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference: Big Sky, Montana, USA, 7 - 14 March 2009, Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Communications Society, 2009Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    With global cuts in defense budgets, air forces have to sustain the same level of readiness with a reduced number of aircraft. To succeed with this challenge, it is not sufficient to improve current maintenance concepts, but new ones also have to be introduced.Traditionally, the development of on-board functions and maintenance concepts has been performed rather independently. The new approach is to focus on an integration of these two developments and to adapt a life cycle view together with a disregard of organizational boundaries.To facilitate the necessary change, a study is performed by Saab and Luleå University of Technology. The study focuses on the possibilities to integrate RCM and PHM in a cost-effective way. The aim is to reduce the workload of maintenance development and to find out how to combine RCM and PHM to achieve a joint development of the aircraft and its maintenance program throughout the aircraft's whole life cycle.The paper describes some similarities and differences between RCM and PHM. Furthermore, the paper describes some aspects of how RCM and PHM are complementing each other and what kind of adaptations that has to be done to achieve a successful integration. For example, a good application of RCM early in system design might generate a pull for PHM-technology integration and motivate design changes of the aircraft. Simultaneously, available PHM-technologies might strongly affect the selection of applicable and effective maintenance tasks in the development of the initial maintenance program. PHM might also support a surveillance of the maintenance program's performance. The description is highlighted with examples and experiences from the Swedish Gripen fighter aircraft. Finally, the paper also outlines some suggestions for further research.

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  • 14.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Garmabaki, Amir
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Ghodrati, Behzad
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Kumar, Uday
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Optimum inspection interval for hidden functions during extended life2015In: International Journal of COMADEM, ISSN 1363-7681, Vol. 18, no 3, p. 45-49Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 15.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Ghodrati, Behzad
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Garmabaki, Amir Soleimani
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Kumar, Uday
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Optimum inspection interval for hidden functions during extended life2014Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 16.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Ghodrati, Behzad
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Rantatalo, Matti
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Optimum Failure Finding Inspection During Extended Operation Life2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In a complex system such as railway and aviation equipment’s, it may be necessary to employ a combination of Failure Finding Inspection (FFI) and a scheduled discard task, as suggested by Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM). This strategy ensures an adequate level of availability of hidden functions, as well as the reduction of the risk of multiple failures to an acceptable level. However, in some situations, operators prefer to extend the discard life of components beyond their recommended life limit, due to the operational restrictions. This necessitates the definition of an optimal Failure Finding Inspection interval for the extended life period. This paper aims to provide a mathematical model for defining optimal FFI interval, during the extended period of the replacement life. A cost function (CF) is developed to identify the cost per unit of time associated with different FFI intervals, for the proposed extended period of life, i.e. postponement period. The proposed method concerns as-bad-as-old (ABAO) inspection and repairs (due to failures found by inspection). It considers inspection and repair times, and takes into account the costs associated with inspection and repair, the opportunity cost of lost production due to maintenance downtime created by inspection and repair actions, and also the cost of accidents due to the occurrence of multiple failure

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  • 17.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Gupta, Suprakash
    Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
    Ghodrati, Behzad
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Galar, Diego
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Estimation of economic consequences of aircraft system failures2012In: Communications in Dependability and Quality Management, ISSN 1450-7196, Vol. 15, no 1, p. 39-49Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A large portion of the direct and indirect aircraft operational costs stems from the consequences of decisions made during the maintenance program development. Decision on maintenance task selection for non-safety category of failures, is based on the cost effectiveness, in which the cost of preventive maintenance should be less than the costs associated with the corrective action and failure consequence. Although the assessment of the direct cost for preventive and corrective maintenance is quiet straightforward, however quantification and estimation of the cost associated with the consequence of failure is a great challenge. This is due to a long list of contributory factors and lack of adequate data regarding the cost headings. This study attempts to estimate the economic consequences of aircraft system failures which lead to a technical delay. The paper considers financial losses, mostly due to the additional unexpected costs related to the flight crew, passengers, aircraft itself, ramp and airport, when one of the cost headings, e.g. the pre-fixed crew cost is known. The experience of the field experts has been used following a pairwise comparison technique to compare the cost headings, and to estimate the contribution of each one to the total cost of a delay. The study shows that the proposed model can be a tool to assess the cost of failure consequences in aircraft operation, when there is a limited data and information regarding the cost headings.

  • 18. Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Gupta, Suprakash
    Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
    Karim, Ramin
    Kumar, Uday
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Selection of maintenance strategy for aircraft systems using multi-criteria decision making methodologies2010In: International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering (IJRQSE), ISSN 0218-5393, Vol. 17, no 3, p. 223-243Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper, proposes the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodology for selection of a maintenance strategy to assure the consistency and effectiveness of maintenance decisions. The methodology is based on an AHP-enhanced TOPSIS, VIKOR and benefit-cost ratio, in which the importance of the effectiveness appraisal criteria of a maintenance strategy is determined by the use of AHP. Furthermore, in the proposed methodology the different maintenance policies are ranked using the benefit-cost ratio, TOPSIS and VIKOR. The method provides a basis for consideration of different priority factors governing decisions, which may include the rate of return, total profit, or lowest investment. When the preference is the rate of return, the benefit-cost ratio is used, and for the total profit TOPSIS is applied. In cases where the decision maker has specific preferences, such as the lowest investment, VIKOR is adopted. The proposed method has been tested through a case study within the aviation context for an aircraft system. It has been found that using the methodology presented in the paper, the relative advantage and disadvantage of each maintenance strategy can be identified in consideration of different aspects, which contributes to the consistent and rationalized justification of the maintenance task selection. The study shows that application of the combined AHP, TOPSIS, and VIKOR methodologies is an applicable and effective way to implement a rigorous approach for identifying the most effective maintenance alternative.

  • 19.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Gupta, Suprakash
    Kumar, Uday
    Assessment of the cost of operational consequences of failures in aircraft operation2007In: Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Reliability and Safety, 2007Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Maintenance decisions regarding aircraft require consideration of the operational impact of failures. The cost of the operational impact of failure is difficult to assess due to the influence of a large number of contributory factors. This study attempts to assess the cost of operational consequences of failures using the expertise of the field experts following a pairwise contribution technique. The study shows that the proposed model can be a tool to assess the cost of operational consequences of failures in aircraft operation, when there is not sufficient and reliable data

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  • 20. Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Karim, Ramin
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Barabady, Javad
    Prerequisites for a business-oriented fleet availability assurance program in aviation2010In: Proceedings of the 1st international workshop and congress on eMaintenance, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2010, p. 168-175Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The air transport business is a large, integrated, automated and complex domain with high requirements on safety, security and dependability. In order to achieve customer satisfaction and gain a global competitive advantage, provision of services is essential. In air transport business with an extensive competition, the consequences of unreliable services become more critical which may increase cost of operation and reduce productivity. Furthermore, occurrence of unreliable services might also lead to annoyance, inconvenience and a lasting customer dissatisfaction that can create serious problem with regarding the responsible company‟s marketplace position. Hence, it is crucial for air transport companies to continuously improve the quality of the services they provide to customer. In the context of air transport, maintenance process and maintenance-related services have a high impact on effectiveness, productivity and costs. Maintenance departments are required to ensure that their fleet is expected to meet, or continues to meet, airline‟s established availability performance goals (e.g. operational readiness, dispatch reliability and cost affectivity) and to ensure that demands for deliveries will met. One way to align maintenance decisions and business objectives and at the same time highlight where the potential weakness in the systems and maintenance performance can be expected, is through Fleet Availability Assurance Program (FAAP). However, an effective implementation of FAAP needs adaptation to the usage context. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to present an availability assurance program in airline industries, in which the essential functional elements of such a program are discussed. The paper also proposes an integrated information logistic infrastructure for this management system.

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  • 21.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Kumar, Uday
    Cost based risk analysis to identify inspection and restoration intervals of hidden failures subject to aging2011In: IEEE Transactions on Reliability, ISSN 0018-9529, E-ISSN 1558-1721, Vol. 60, no 1, p. 197-209Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The analytical model presented in this paper aims to study possible maintenance strategies considering risk constrains, to preserve or assure availability of hidden functions of a repairable unit in aircraft systems considering ageing effect. The paper discusses two known strategies for hidden failure management aviation and other high risk industries, namely Failure Finding Inspection (FFI), and a combination of a series of FFI and restoration after a specific number of FFI cycles ( i.e., FFI-Rs strategy). Based on discussions, the paper introduces a new approach named Dynamic Failure Finding Inspection strategy (DFFI) to assure the acceptable level of risk and also the unit's hidden function availability continuously . The paper presents analytical methods to estimate optimal FFI, and optimal thresholds for restoration of degradation (refreshing risk level) within FFI-Rs strategy. It also discusses criteria used to select appropriate thresholds to change the FFI intervals within DFFI strategy, i.e. reducing inspection intervals after specific thresholds, to reduce the risk. The method is based on the mean proportion of time i.e. (Mean Functional Dead Time, MFDT) that the unit is not functioning during the inspection intervals and the average unavailability behavior within the restoration/discard period. The proposed method considers inspection, repair, and restoration times, and takes in to account costs associated with inspection, repair, restoration, potential losses due to non-availability of aircraft due to maintenance downtime or accident often caused multiple failures.

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  • 22. Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Kumar, Uday
    Ghodrati, Behzad
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Risk based maintenance decision for periodically tested repairable components subject to hidden failure2011In: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Reliability, Safety and Hazard - ICRESH 2010: Mumbai Dec 15-16, 2010 / [ed] P V Varde, Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Communications Society, 2011, p. 197-204Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper aims to develop a graphical method to facilitate the identification of risk and cost of postponement of restoration for repairable components which are periodically tested and whose failures are hidden, i.e, are detectable by inspection or upon demand. The paper focuses on the items which are under aging, however, the methodology is flexible to implement for any aging pattern. The paper considers Failure Finding Inspection (FFI) with restoration actions (FFI+Res), for the “safety effect” categories of hidden failures. As-bad-as-old (ABAO) inspection effectiveness and as-good-as-new (AGAN) restoration effectiveness are considered. In case of repair due to findings by inspection, as-bad-as-old repair effectiveness is considered. The graphical methodology proposed in this paper considers inspection and repair times, as well as the costs associated with accident, inspection, repair, and restoration, and takes into account the opportunity losses due to the maintenance downtime. The analytical approach is based on the Mean Fractional Dead Time. In the case of an operational limit, when it is not possible to remove the unit for restoration, or one needs to use the unit longer than the expected operating time, the paper introduces an approach to analyzing the possibility of and conditions for providing an extension to the restoration interval that satisfies the risk constraints and the business requirements at the same time.

  • 23.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering.
    Kumar, Uday
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering.
    Söderholm, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    On aircraft scheduled maintenance program development2010In: Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, ISSN 1355-2511, E-ISSN 1758-7832, Vol. 16, no 3, p. 229-255Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present issues and challenges of scheduled maintenance task development within the maintenance review board (MRB) process, and to find potential areas of improvement in the application of the MSG-3 methodology for aircraft systems. Design/methodology/approach – The issues and challenges as well as potential areas of improvement have been identified through a constructive review that consists of two parts. The first part is a benchmarking between the Maintenance Steering Group (MSG-3) methodology and other established and documented versions of reliability-centred maintenance (RCM). This benchmarking focuses on the MSG-3 methodology and compares it with some RCM standards to identify differences and thereby find ways to facilitate the application of MSG-3. The second part includes a discussion about methodologies and tools that can support different steps of the MSG-3 methodology within the framework of the MRB process. Findings – The MSG-3 methodology is closely related to the RCM methodology, in which the anticipated consequences of failure are considered for risk evaluation. However, MSG-3 considers neither environmental effects of failures nor operational consequences of hidden failures. Furthermore, in MSG-3, the operational check (failure-finding inspection) is given priority before all other tasks, whereas in RCM it is considered as a default action, where there is no other applicable and effective option. While RCM allows cost-effectiveness analysis for all failures that have no safety consequences, MSG-3 just allows it for failures with economic consequences. A maintenance program that is established through the MRB process fulfils the requirements of continuous airworthiness, but there is no foundation to claim that it is the optimal or the most effective program from an operator’s point-of-view. The major challenge when striving to achieve a more effective maintenance program within the MRB process is to acquire supporting methodologies and tools for adequate risk analysis, for optimal interval assignments, and for selection of the most effective maintenance task. Originality/value – The paper presents a critical review of existing aircraft scheduled maintenance program development methodologies, and demonstrates the differences between MSG-3 and other RCM methodologies.

  • 24. Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Kumar, Uday
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Söderholm, Peter
    Risk of operational consequences of aircraft system failure2010In: International Journal of Performability Engineering, ISSN 0973-1318, Vol. 6, no 2, p. 149-158Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this paper is to describe a methodology for identifying different operational consequences and associated costs caused by aircraft system failure, in order to facilitate and enhance the capability of taking correct and efficient decisions when analyzing the cost-effectiveness of maintenance tasks. The paper focuses on the operational consequences of failures that lead to delay. To identify the operational consequences of aircraft system failures, Empirical studies of possible scenarios involving aircraft failures and their operational consequences for a commercial airline have been performed. Empirical data were extracted through document studies and interviews, guided by the application of an Event Tree Analysis (ETA). In order to effectively utilize the knowledge of field experts in the assessment process, a pairwise comparison technique was adopted for quantifying the contribution of different factors to the operational. The work was performed together with experienced practitioners from both an aircraft manufacturer and commercial airlines, which contributed to a continuous verification of the outcome of the study.The study shows that the proposed methodology based on ETA and pairwise comparison can be used to identify and quantify the cost of operational consequences of failures in aircraft operation, when there is no sufficient and reliable data.

  • 25.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Soleimanmeigouni, Iman
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Simulation of railway track geometry and intelligent maintenance planning: [Simulering av järnvägsspårgeometri och intelligent underhållsplanering]2021Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Track is the fundamental part of railway infrastructure and represents a significant part of maintenance effort and cost. For example, in Sweden, the annual maintenance cost for only track geometry is between110 and 130 MSEK. The quality of the track, mostly, is represented by the track geometry properties. Track geometry degrades with age and usage; and loses its functionality over time. Poor quality of track geometry may result in safety problems, speed reduction, traffic disruption, greater maintenance cost, and higher degradation rate of the other railway components (e.g. rails, wheels, switches, and crossings). Railway track maintenance program development is challenging and requires appropriate modeling which reflects the real-life scenario and integrates influencing factors. In addition, there are several uncertainties in data collection, data analysis, modeling, and the prediction that are needed to be considered. Moreover, there is a lack of integrated platform that is able to access geometry data, extract associatedinformation, and retain this knowledge for supporting adaptive maintenance planning and scheduling. The above challenges necessitate the Infrastructure Manager (IM) to employ a maintenance management system that enables higher capacity for evaluation of track performance, learning from asset history, context-driven awareness, planning & scheduling, and transformation of this information to knowledge for decision making. The SIMTRACK project will facilitate simulation-based platform that enables development of a tools,methodologies and techniques for optimization of track geometry maintenance planning, scheduling andopportunistic maintenance. This will provide a basis to predict track geometry degradation, analyse therisk of failures and forecast the maintenance activities as well as renewal investment requirements. The results will enhance safety, maximize capacity utilization, and lead to an efficient and cost effective maintenance program. The project structure track is structured into 6 work packages. WP1 deals with the project management. WP2 presentsthe industrial scenarios, specifications and requirements that provide inputs to WP3 and WP4. WP3 andWP4 are defined as predictive modelling and analytics of track geometry condition and trackmaintenance optimization and decision support system respectively. WP5 is dedicated to evaluation ofabsolute track geometry condition. Finally, WP6 deals with dissemination and exploitation, is devotedfor formulating comprehensive plans for results assimilation by the partners and set the ground for theexploitation. Figure 1 shows the work packages and their relationships.

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  • 26.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Soleimanmeigouni, Iman
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Block, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Letot, Christophe
    University of Mons.
    Optimum failure management strategy for periodically inspected units with imperfect maintenance2016In: IFAC-PapersOnLine, E-ISSN 2405-8963, Vol. 49, no 12, p. 799-804Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this paper is to develop a reliability-based cost model for periodically inspected units subject to hidden functions, with imperfect restoration (overhaul) action after a certain number of inspections. In the model, effectiveness of the consecutive restoration actions is considered, and possible alternative maintenance strategies are identified and compared. The method is based on the Total Cost and identifies the optimum interval and frequency of inspections, as well as restoration that minimize the total life cycle cost. In the proposed model, repair due to failures found by inspection is considered as minimal repair, and restoration/overhaul action is considered as normal repair. The result also shows that for a specific value of restoration effectiveness (θ0), when θ> θ0, the behavior of alternatives tends to as-bad-as-old and for θ< θ0 tends to an as-good-as-new. It is also observed that when the cost of accident is high it is needed to perform inspections at smaller intervals.

  • 27.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Soleimanmeigouni, Iman
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Letot, Christopher
    Machine Design and Production Engineering Unit, Research Institute for the Science and Manage ment of Risks, University of Mons.
    Block, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Inspection Optimization under imperfect maintenance performance2017In: Proceedings of MPMM 2016: 6th International Conference on Maintenance Performance Measurement and Management, 28 November 2016, Luleå, Sweden / [ed] Diego Galar, Dammika Seneviratne, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2017, p. 139-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Scheduled maintenance and inspection development is one of the main requirements for emergency equipment and safety devices. These types of devices have hidden functions which are used intermittently or infrequently, so their failure will not be evident to the operating crew. The analytical model presented in this paper deals with the periodically tested units with overhauls (preventive maintenance) after certain number of inspections and a renewal after a series of overhauls. The cost based optimization method presented in this paper identifies the optimum interval and frequency of Failure Finding Inspection (FFI) and restoration. In the proposed model, repair due to failures found by inspection makes the unit As Bad As Old, and restoration/overhaul action rejuvenates the unit to any condition between As Good As New and As Bad As Old. As Good As New effectiveness also is considered for renewal action. It considers inspection and repair times, and takes into account the costs associated with inspection, repair, restoration, and also the cost of accidents due to the occurrence of multiple failure. The results show that when the unit is not under aging process, the optimal alternative for each inspection interval is the one with highest possible number of inspection without restoration. Finally, it is observed that when the cost of accident is quite high it is needed to perform inspections at smaller intervals to control the risk of accident.

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  • 28. Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Söderholm, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Assessment of the operational consequences of aircraft failures: using event tree analysis2008In: 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference: 1-8 March 2008 : [Big Sky, Montana]., Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Communications Society, 2008, p. 1-14Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this paper is to describe a methodology that supports an assessment of the operational consequences of failures in aircraft systems and its associated costs, in order to facilitate a correct and efficient decision-making during cost-effectiveness analysis of maintenance tasks within scheduled aircraft maintenance program development. The paper is based on empirical studies of possible scenarios from aircraft failure to operational consequences in commercial airlines. Empirical data was extracted through document studies and interviews, guided by the application of an Event Tree Analysis (ETA). The analysis was performed together with experienced practitioners from both an aircraft manufacturer and commercial airlines, which contributed to a continuous verification of the outcomes of the study. The proposed methodology, which is based on ETA, is considered as a valuable support in the assessment of the operational consequences of failures within a MSG-3 framework. The proposed methodology focuses on assessing the operational consequences of failures and associated economical losses. Hence, in order to enable an estimation of the maintenance tasks' cost-effectiveness, the methodology should be further developed to include a cost assessment of the applicable maintenance tasks. The proposed methodology could be adapted as a support to those involved in the development of aircraft maintenance program. The operational consequences and the probabilities of the proposed event tree can be quantified by the aid of historical data or expert judgment.

  • 29.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Söderholm, Peter
    Kumar, Uday
    An overview of trends in aircraft maintenance program development: past, present, and future2007In: Risk, Reliability and Societal Safety: Pproceedings of the European Safety and Reliability Conference 2007 (ESREL 2007), Stavanger, Norway, 25 - 27 June 2007 / [ed] Terje Aven; Jan Erik Vinnem, London: Taylor and Francis Group , 2007, p. 2067-2076Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this paper is to describe the trends in aircraft maintenance program development during the last 50 years, including the reasons for the aircraft industry to change its view of maintenance. The major milestones and fundamental reasons for such development are also discussed and illustrated in relation to a flow diagram, which shows the logical and chronological order of the trends. Finally, the paper describes some possibilities and challenges as regards applying Information & Communication Technology (ICT) within the emerging approach of e-Maintenance in order to enhance the surveillance of aircraft maintenance program performance.

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  • 30.
    Ahmadi, Mahdieh
    et al.
    Department of Industrial Engineering, Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, Babol.
    Mahdavi, Iraj
    Department of Industrial Engineering, Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, Babol.
    Garmabaki, Amir
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Multi up-gradation Software Reliability for Open Source Software2016In: Current Trends in Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety: An Industry Perspective / [ed] Uday Kumar; Alireza Ahmadi; Ajit Kumar Verma; Prabhakar Varde, Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag, 2016, p. 691-702Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nowadays, software companies have to continuously do up-gradation or add-ons in their software to survive in the market. This paper presents an effective reliability model for multi release open source software (OSS), which derived based on software lifecycle development process (SDLC) proposed by Jørgensen [1]. Most of OSS reliability models proposed in the literature are based on closed-form methodology and do not consider the properties of OSS in the model structure. The proposed model, incorporate bugs removed from two different phases, namely a pre-commit test and parallel debugging test. Furthermore, the proposed model is based on the assumptions that the overall fault removal of the new release depends on the reported faults from the previous release of the software and on the faults generated due to adding some new functionalities to the existing software system. The parameters of model have been estimated on real software failure dataset with three releases and goodness of fit of values have been calculated. Results show that the proposed model fits the data reasonably well and present better accuracy in comparison with other methods.

  • 31.
    Ahmadi, Mahdieh
    et al.
    Department of Industrial Engineering, Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, Babol.
    Seneviratne, Dammika
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Garmabaki, Amir
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    An approach to Symbolic Modelling: a Railway Case study for Maintenance Recovery Level Identification2017In: Proceedings of MPMM 2016: 6th International Conference on Maintenance Performance Measurement and Management, 28 November 2016, Luleå, Sweden / [ed] Diego Galar, Dammika Seneviratne, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2017, p. 187-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Increasing demand for quality and reliability of the asset is progressively seen as a motivation for improved maintenance procedure and management. Always the role of qualitative maintenance data is neglected in the maintenance recovery level identification. Human factor parameter in the maintenance and qualitative technical data, for instance, maintenance experience, maintenance knowledge, training, quality before maintenance, number of previous maintenance, maintenance documentation and environmental condition can be collected and evaluated to increase the accuracy of maintenance recovery estimation. This information always expressed linguistically and considering their effect in the recovery model is challenging. The aim of this study is to propose a symbolic model to capture the effect of above qualitative factor on maintenance recovery level. Fuzzy inference systems are applied to qualitative expert knowledge to extract the percentage effect which can be incorporated in the recovery level model. The tamping railway case study is considered to validate the model. The results show that the maintenance experience and environmental condition are playing main role in maintenance quality. The application of above method can be extended to asset condition assessment in combination with data driven and physical model

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  • 32.
    Ahmadzadeh, Farzaneh
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Ghodrati, Behzad
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Kumar, Uday
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Mean Residual Life Estimation Considering Operating Environment2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The cost of maintenance of mechanized and automated mining systems is too high necessitating efforts to enhance the effectiveness of maintenance systems and organization. For effective maintenance planning, it is important to have a good understanding of the reliability and availability characteristics of the systems. This is essential for determining the Mean Residual Life (MRL) of systems so that maintenance tasks could be planned effectively. In this paper we used the statistical approach to estimate MRL. A Weibull proportional hazard model (PHM) with time-independent covariates was considered for modelling of the hazard function so that operating environment could be integrated in the reliability analysis. Methods are presented for calculating the conditional reliability function and computing the MRL as a function of the current conditions to guarantee the desired output. The model is verified and validated using data from the Hydraulic system of an LHD fleet from a Swedish mine. The results obtained from the analysis is useful to estimate the remaining useful life of such system which can be subsequently used for effective maintenance planning and help controlling unplanned stoppages of highly mechanized and automated systems.

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  • 33.
    Ahmadzadeh, Farzaneh
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Lundberg, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Application of multi regressive linear model and neural network for wear prediction of grinding mill liners2013In: International Journal of Advanced Computer Sciences and Applications, ISSN 2158-107X, E-ISSN 2156-5570, Vol. 4, no 5, p. 53-58Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The liner of an ore grinding mill is a critical component in the grinding process, necessary for both high metal recovery and shell protection. From an economic point of view, it is important to keep mill liners in operation as long as possible, minimising the downtime for maintenance or repair. Therefore, predicting their wear is crucial. This paper tests different methods of predicting wear in the context of remaining height and remaining life of the liners. The key concern is to make decisions on replacement and maintenance without stopping the mill for extra inspection as this leads to financial savings. The paper applies linear multiple regression and artificial neural networks (ANN) techniques to determine the most suitable methodology for predicting wear. The advantages of the ANN model over the traditional approach of multiple regression analysis include its high accuracy.

  • 34.
    Ahmadzadeh, Farzaneh
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Lundberg, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Remaining useful life estimation: Review2014In: International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management, ISSN 0975-6809, E-ISSN 0976-4348, Vol. 5, no 4, p. 461-474Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper reviews the recent modelling developments in estimating the remaining useful life (RUL) of industrial systems. The RUL estimation models are categorized into experimental, data driven, physics based and hybrid approaches. The paper reviews some typical approaches and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. According to the literature, the selection of the best model depends on the level of accuracy and availability of data. In cases of quick estimations which are less accurate, the data driven method is preferred, while the physics based approach is applied when the accuracy of estimation is important.

  • 35.
    Ahmadzadeh, Farzaneh
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Lundberg, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Remaining useful life prediction of grinding mill liners using an artificial neural network2013In: Minerals Engineering, ISSN 0892-6875, E-ISSN 1872-9444, Vol. 53, p. 1-8Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Knowing the remaining useful life of grinding mill liners would greatly facilitate maintenance decisions. Now, a mill must be stopped periodically so that the maintenance engineer can enter, measure the liners’ wear, and make the appropriate maintenance decision. As mill stoppage leads to heavy production losses, the main aim of this study is to develop a method which predicts the remaining useful life of the liners, without needing to stop the mill. Because of the proven ability of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to recognize complex relationships between input and output variables, as well as its adaptive and parallel information-processing structure, an ANN has been designed based on the various process parameters which influence wear of the liners. The process parameters were considered as inputs while remaining height and remaining life of the liners were outputs. The results show remarkably high degree of correlation between the input and output variables. The performance of the neural network model is very consistent for data used for training (seen) and testing (unseen).

  • 36.
    Ahmadzadeh, Farzaneh
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Lundberg, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Strömberg, Thomas
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mathematical Science.
    Multivariate process parameter change identification by neural network2013In: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, ISSN 0268-3768, E-ISSN 1433-3015, Vol. 69, no 9-12, p. 2261-2268Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Whenever there is an out-of-control signal in process parameter control charts, maintenance engineers try to diagnose the cause near the time of the signal which is not always lead to prompt identification of the source(s) of the out-of-control condition and this in some cases yields to extremely high monetary loses for manufacture owner. This paper applies multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) control charts and neural networks to make the signal identification more effective. The simulation of this procedure shows that this new control chart can be very effective in detecting the actual change point for all process dimension and all shift magnitudes considered. This methodology can be used in manufacturing and process industries to predict change points and expedite the search for failure causing parameters, resulting in improved quality at reduced overall cost. This research shows development of MEWMA by usage of neural network for identifying the step change point and the variable responsible for the change in the process mean vector.

  • 37.
    Aitomäki, Yvonne
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.
    Allard, Christina
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Lin, Janet
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Sandström, Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Business Administration and Industrial Engineering.
    LTU Teaching guide to e-learning: how to clear the mist of teaching through the cloud2015Conference paper (Other academic)
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  • 38.
    Ajeel, Raheem K.
    et al.
    Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
    Fayyadh, Saba N.
    Center of Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
    Ibrahim, Adnan
    Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
    Sultan, Sakhr M.
    Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
    Najeh, Taoufik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Comprehensive analysis of heat transfer and pressure drop in square multiple impingement jets employing innovative hybrid nanofluids2024In: Results in Engineering (RINENG), ISSN 2590-1230, Vol. 21, article id 101858Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study goes beyond the usual vertical impingement method by looking at the use of oblique impingement in a multiple impinging jet configuration with a hybrid nanofluid. Al2O3–Cu/water with different volume fractions (φhnf) such as 0.1%, 0.33%, 0.75%, and 1.0% are employed as a working fluid. The purpose of the study is to clarify the impact of the jet angle (β), the jet Reynolds number (Re), extended jet height (Ej), and different volume fraction (φhnf) on the heat transfer behaviours of the curved target surface. The jet Reynolds number varies from 8000 to 24,000, and five different jet angles (β = 15 °, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90 °) and three extended jet heights (Ej = 0.2H, 0.4H, and 0.6H) are adopted. Outcomes disclosed that the highest values of Re and φhnf greatly led to an increase in heat transfer rate and pressure drop of the system. It is uncovered that the heat transfer rate of binary hybrid nanofluids enhances with increasing volume fraction from for all jet angles and Re. Results also exposed that the angle of jet, which is 45°, gives a higher Nusselt number compared to other angles proposed in this study, and the maximum boost reaches 35%. Besides, despite the fact that reducing the height of the extended jet yields enhanced heat transfer rates in comparison to other methods, it concurrently results in an elevation in pressure drop. Finally, this research yielding insights that can be applied to improve the efficiency of heat transfer systems in practical applications.

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  • 39.
    Akersten, Per-Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Condition monitoring and risk & relability analysis2006In: Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic Engineering Management: COMADEM 2006 ; proceedings of the 19th international congress, Luleºa, Sweden, 12 - 15 June 2006 / [ed] Uday Kumar, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2006, p. 555-561Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Qualitative and semi-quantitative reliability and risk analyses are usually performed, using inductive analysis approaches, e.g. FMEA/FMECA (Failure Mode and Effects [Criticality] Analysis), PHA (Preliminary Hazard Analysis) or HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study). After the identification of possible failure modes or hazards, their possible effects at different system levels are estimated. In several cases the possible effects at higher system levels are very severe, indicating that the system under study is highly unreliable or hazardous. This conclusion, however, can be modified by taking into account the effect of current controls or countermeasures that can reduce the likelihood of an adverse effect or reduce the severity. Condition monitoring provides a useful risk control approach, primarily aiming at reducing the likelihood of an adverse effect. In this paper this risk control approach is described in some more detail and a proposed methodology is described. This methodology combines FMEA and ETA (Event Tree Analysis), with special attention taken to the utilization of Condition Monitoring.

  • 40.
    Akersten, Per-Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    E-maintenance and vulnerability2006In: Engineering Asset Management: Proceedings of the First World Congress on Engineering Asset Management (WCEAM) / [ed] Joseph Mathew; Lin Ma; Andy Tan; Deryk Anderson, London: Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag, 2006, p. 120-124Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Teleservice, utilizing modern information processing and communication tools, is by now a well-known way of supporting a product and we have seen the emergence of e-manufacturing and related types of e-service, in particular e-maintenance. In discussions of the present and future of emanufacturing and e-maintenance systems are among other things risks and vulnerabilities related to utilization of e-services identified as an important area for further research. In this paper the concepts of emaintenance and vulnerability are briefly described. The vulnerability of the e-maintenance system and its consequences for the managed assets are discussed to some extent. From different risk analysis approaches, e.g. related to computer and network security, several methodologies and tools for the management of vulnerability can be identified and an analysis methodology is proposed. The paper represents the view of a risk analyst and reliability engineer.

  • 41.
    Akersten, Per-Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Maintenance-related IEC dependability standards2006In: Engineering Asset Management: Proceedings of the First World Congress on Engineering Asset Management (WCEAM), London: Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag, 2006, p. 115-119Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Within the International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC, there exists a committee, named IEC Technical Committee 56 "Dependability", TC56 for short. Its history can be traced back to 1965, when the Reliability and Maintainability Committee was formed. In 1990, after contacts with ISO, it was decided that the IEC/TC56 should be responsible for standardization in the field of dependability, in any appropriate technological area, including those normally considered as outside the scope of IEC. The term "dependability" is a collective term, used to describe availability performance and its constituent factors reliability performance, maintainability performance, and maintenance support performance. Within the IEC/TC56 a number of maintenance related standards and guidelines have been produced, covering e.g. maintainability of equipment, reliability-centred maintenance, integrated logistic support, and also an application guide entitled "Maintenance and maintenance support". Also, Chapter 191 of the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, freely available on the Internet, contains a wealth of maintenance-related terms. This paper is intended to give an overview of the standards available and some insight into the ongoing efforts within IEC/TC56 to produce new standards and to maintain existing ones. It should not be seen as an official promotion of the IEC Dependability Standards series. Instead, it presents some personal experiences and reflections on the use and usefulness of the standards series.

  • 42. Akersten, Per-Anders
    et al.
    Espling, Ulla
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Postponed Replacement: A Risk Analysis Case Study2005In: ICOMS-2005: International Conference of Maintenance Societies : maintenance planning and practice - back to basics, 31 May - 2 June, Hobart, Australia, Melbourne: MESA - Maintenance Engineering Society of Australia , 2005Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 43.
    Akersten, Per-Anders
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Klefsjö, Bengt
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Bergman, Bo
    Chalmers University of Technology.
    Graphical techniques for analysis of data from repairable systems2001In: Handbook of statistics vol. 20: Advances in reliability, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001, p. 469-484Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 44.
    Al-Chalabi, Hussan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Development of an economic replacement time model for mining equipment: a case study2022In: Life Cycle Reliability and Safety Engineering, ISSN 2520-1352, Vol. 11, no 2, p. 203-217Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In mining operation equipment replacement represents a strategic decision problem. This paper presents an economic replacement time model for mining drill rigs. A total ownership cost minimization model was developed to optimize the lifetime of a drill rig used in Tara underground mine in Ireland. The developed methodology allows an innovative practical evaluation of the replacement process by applying sensitivity and regression analysis to rank the factors affecting the replacement time of existing and new models of the production drill rig. Compared to previous studies presented in the literature, the present study represents a further development in this field as it has resulted in a practical optimization model that can be used to estimate the economic replacement time of repairable equipment used in the mining and other production industries. The proposed model shows that the absolute economic replacement time of the drill rig investigated in this case study is 81 months and the mining company operating the rig can replace it with an identical one within an optimal replacement range of 6 months (i.e. from month 79–84) when the minimum total cost can still be achieved in practice. Sensitivity and regression analyses show that the maintenance cost has the largest impact on the economic replacement time of the drill rig. The study finds that decreasing the operating and maintenance costs of the drill rig will have the positive effect of increasing the economic replacement time linearly for a new model of the drill rig. The proposed model helps decision-makers to plan the replacement of old rigs and purchase new ones from an economic view point. Thus, this new model can be extended and used for more general applications in the mining industry.

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  • 45.
    Al-Chalabi, Hussan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Life cycle cost analysis of the ventilation system in Stockholm's road tunnels2018In: Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, ISSN 1355-2511, E-ISSN 1758-7832, Vol. 24, no 3, p. 358-375Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    This study developed a practical economic replacement decision model to identify the economic lifetime of the ventilation system used by Trafikverket in its Stockholm tunnels.

    Design/methodology/approach

    The proposed data driven optimisation model considers operating and maintenance costs, purchase price and system resale value for a ventilation system consisting of 121 fans. The study identified data quality problems in Trafikverket’s MAXIMO database.

    Findings

    It found the absolute economic replacement time (ERT) of the ventilation system is 108 months but for a range of 100 to 120 months, the total cost remains almost constant. Sensitivity and regression analysis showed the operating cost has the largest impact on the ERT.

    Originality/value

    The results are promising; the company has the possibility of significantly reducing the LCC of the ventilation system by optimising its lifetime. In addition, the proposed model can be used for other systems with repairable components, making it applicable, useful, and implementable within Trafikverket more generally.

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    Life cycle cost analysis of the ventilation system in Stockholm’s road tunnels
  • 46.
    Al-Chalabi, Hussan
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Al-Douri, Yamur K.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Lundberg, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Time Series Forecasting using ARIMA Model: A Case Study of Mining Face Drilling Rig2018In: ADVCOMP 2018: The Twelfth International Conference on Advanced Engineering Computing and Applications in Sciences / [ed] Claus-Peter Rückemann; Ahmad Rafi Qawasmeh, International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA), 2018, p. 1-3Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study implements an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to forecast total cost of a face drilling rig used in the Swedish mining industry. The ARIMA model shows different forecasting abilities using different values of ARIMA parameters (p, d, q). However, better estimation for the ARIMA parameters is required for accurate forecasting. Artificial intelligence, such as multi objective genetic algorithm based on the ARIMA model, could provide other possibilities for estimating the parameters. Time series forecasting is widely used for production control, production planning, optimizing industrial processes and economic planning. Therefore, the forecasted total cost data of the face drilling rig can be used for life cycle cost analysis to estimate the optimal replacement time of this rig.

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  • 47.
    Al-Chalabi, Hussan
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Lundberg, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Jonsson, Adam
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mathematical Science.
    Case Study: Model for Economic Lifetime of Drilling Machines in the Swedish Mining Industry2015In: The Engineering Economist, ISSN 0013-791X, E-ISSN 1547-2701, Vol. 60, no 2, p. 138-154Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this paper is to develop a practical economic replacement decision model to identify the economic lifetime of a mining drilling machine. A data driven optimisation model was developed for operating and maintenance costs, purchase price and machine resale value. Equivalent present value of these costs by using discount rate was considered. The proposed model shows that the absolute optimal replacement time (ORT) of a drilling machine used in one underground mine in Sweden is 115 months. Sensitivity and regression analysis show that the maintenance cost has the largest impact on the ORT of this machine. The proposed decision making model is applicable and useful and can be implemented within the mining industry.

  • 48.
    Al-Chalabi, Hussan S.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics. Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq.
    Lundberg, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Wijaya, Andi
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Ghodrati, Behzad
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Downtime analysis of drilling machines and suggestions for improvements2014In: Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, ISSN 1355-2511, E-ISSN 1758-7832, Vol. 20, no 4, p. 306-332Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse and compare the downtime of four drilling machines used in two underground mines in Sweden. The downtime of these machines was compared to show what problems affect downtime and which strategies should be applied to reduce it.Design/methodology/approach– The study collects failure data from a two-year period for four drilling machines and performs reliability analysis. It also performs downtime analysis utilising a log-log diagram with a confidence interval.Findings– There are notable differences in the downtime of most of the studied components for all machines. The hoses and feeder have relatively high downtime. Depending on their downtime, the significant components can be ranked in three groups. The downtime of the studied components is due to reliability problems. The study suggests the need to improve the reliability of critical components to reduce the downtime of drilling machines.Originality/value– The method of analysing the downtime, identifying dominant factors and the interval estimation for the downtime, has never been studied on drilling machines. The research proposed in this paper provides a general method to link downtime analysis with potential component improvement. To increase the statistical accuracy; four case studies was performed in two different mines with completely different working environment and ore properties. Using the above method showed which components need to be improved and suggestions for improvement was proposed and will be implemented accordingly.

  • 49.
    Al-Douri, Yamur
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Two-Level Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm for Risk-Based Life Cycle Cost Analysis2019Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the fields in science and engineering and encompasses a wide variety of subfields, ranging from general areas (learning and perception) to specific topics, such as mathematical theorems. AI and, specifically, multi-objective genetic algorithms (MOGAs) for risk-based life cycle cost (LCC) analysis should be performed to estimate the optimal replacement time of tunnel fan systems, with a view towards reducing the ownership cost and the risk cost and increasing company profitability from an economic point of view. MOGA can create systems that are capable of solving problems that AI and LCC analyses cannot accomplish alone.

    The purpose of this thesis is to develop a two-level MOGA method for optimizing the replacement time of reparable system. MOGA should be useful for machinery in general and specifically for reparable system. This objective will be achieved by developing a system that includes a smart combination of techniques by integrating MOGA to yield the optimized replacement time. Another measure to achieve this purpose is implementing MOGA in clustering and imputing missing data to obtain cost data, which could help to provide proper data to forecast cost data for optimization and to identify the optimal replacement time.

    In the first stage, a two-level MOGA is proposed to optimize clustering to reduce and impute missing cost data. Level one uses a MOGA based on fuzzy c-means to cluster cost data objects based on three main indices. The first is cluster centre outliers; the second is the compactness and separation ( ) of the data points and cluster centres; the third is the intensity of data points belonging to the derived clusters. Level two uses MOGA to impute the missing cost data by using a valid data period from that are reduced data in size. In the second stage, a two-level MOGA is proposed to optimize time series forecasting. Level one implements MOGA based on either an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model or a dynamic regression (DR) model. Level two utilizes a MOGA based on different forecasting error rates to identify proper forecasting. These models are applied to simulated data for evaluation since there is no control of the influenced parameters in all of the real cost data. In the final stage, a two-level MOGA is employed to optimize risk-based LCC analysis to find the optimal replacement time for reparable system. Level one uses a MOGA based on a risk model to provide a variation of risk percentages, while level two uses a MOGA based on an LCC model to estimate the optimal reparable system replacement time.

    The results of the first stage show the best cluster centre optimization for data clustering with low  and high intensity. Three cluster centres were selected because these centres have a geometry that is suitable for the highest data reduction of 27%. The best optimized interval is used for imputing missing data. The results of the second stage show the drawbacks of time series forecasting using a MOGA based on the DR model. The MOGA based on the ARIMA model yields better forecasting results. The results of the final stage show the drawbacks of the MOGA based on a risk-based LCC model regarding its estimation. However, the risk-based LCC model offers the possibility of optimizing the replacement schedule.

    However, MOGA is highly promising for allowing optimization compared with other methods that were investigated in the present thesis.

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  • 50.
    Al-Douri, Yamur
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Hamodi, Hussan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
    Data imputing using genetic algorithms (GA): A case study of cost data for tunnel fans2017Conference paper (Refereed)
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