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  • 1.
    Delsing, Jerker
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Lindgren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Östmark, Åke
    Mobile Internet enabled sensors using mobile phones as access network2004In: Electronic journal of information technology in construction, ISSN 1403-6835, E-ISSN 1400-6529, Vol. 9, no Special Issue Mobile Computing in Construction, p. 381-388Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We envision ambient intelligent environments with an infrastructure based on heterogeneous sensor and actuator devices accessible over the Internet. Initial steps to realize this concept have been taken by developing an Embedded Internet System (EIS) architecture for Internet protocol enabled devices. In many cases these devices will be in close proximity to a person. Such applications are found in for example sport and wellness. The mobile connection of such devices to the global Internet in a simple and cheap way is of particular interest. It is here proposed that such connection will make use of the existing and wide spread mobile phone networks. Since a few years most new mobile phones are equipped with Bluetooth technology making a mobile phone capable of connecting to 7 other Bluetooth devices. Thus by giving EIS devices a Bluetooth communication channel it will become possible to tunnel the EIS sensor communication through a mobile phone nearby the sensor. The proposed architecture will be described with discussion on limitations due to existing infrastructures and business models in the telecom networks.

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  • 2.
    Hallberg, Josef
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Signals and Systems.
    Svensson, Sara
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Östmark, Åke
    Lindgren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Synnes, Kåre
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Computer Science.
    Delsing, Jerker
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Enriched media-experience of sport events2004In: Proceedings: Sixth IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, WMCSA 2004 : 2 - 3 December 2004, Windermere, Cumbria, United Kingdom, Los Alamitos, Calif: IEEE Communications Society, 2004, p. 2-9Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper describes a system where Internet-enabled sensor technology was integrated into a context-aware platform to give viewers of sport events an enriched media experience. The system was developed as a proof of concept and was evaluated during real-life use at the Vasaloppet cross-country ski event. Using Bluetooth wireless ad-hoc networking and GPRS technology, sensor data was transmitted from contestants to the context-aware platform Alipes, which in turn presented the sport event viewer with a personalized, context-aware view. In this paper we discuss the system architecture and integration of components. The system was evaluated both from technical and user perspectives, where the evaluation results confirm our approach to be technically feasible and that the system provide an enriched media-experience for the majority of viewers.

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  • 3.
    Johansson, Jonny
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Völker, M.
    Eliasson, Jens
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Östmark, Åke
    Lindgren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Delsing, Jerker
    MULLE: a minimal sensor networking device: implementation and manufacturing challenges2004In: Proceedings: IMAPS Nordic annual conference 2004 : Helsingør, Denmark, September 26 - 28, 2004, Helsingør: International Microelectronics and Packaging Society, Nordic chapter , 2004, p. 265-271Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 4.
    Svensson, Sara
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Hallberg, Josef
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Signals and Systems.
    Lindgren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Östmark, Åke
    Delsing, Jerker
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Synnes, Kåre
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Computer Science.
    Cross-country skiers go on-line2006Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This article presents a pervasive computing system which give spectators of sport events an enriched media experience. The system utilizes Internet- enabled sensor technology integrated into a context-aware platform and was evaluated during real-life use at the Vasaloppet cross-country ski event. Sensor data was transmitted from contestants, using Bluetooth wireless ad- hoc networking and GPRS technology, to the context-aware platform which in turn presented the sport event spectator with a personalized and context- aware view. The system architecture and integration of components are discussed in this article, together with evaluations from technical and user perspectives. The results confirm that our approach is technically feasible and that the system provides an enriched media-experience for the majority of spectators.

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  • 5.
    Östmark, Åke
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    An infrastructure for service-oriented embedded internet systems2006Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Embedded systems are in general designed to do some specific task, rather than be a general-purpose computer for multiple tasks. Common for embedded systems is that processing devices, sensors, transceivers, actuators, networks, and software are built into a system, encapsulated by the device it controls. Often, the development of various applications requires an embedded system that is small and lightweight, both in terms of hardware and software. Technology advances in ASIC design have enabled digital and analog components on a single chip by integrating e.g. processing, storage, and Micro-Electro-Mechanical System. The vision due to the improved miniaturization is to have self-configured, low-power, and small form-factor platforms that share resources, have access to the environment, and are deployed in an ad hoc fashion. This, together with wireless communication standards, enables ubiquitous access to information anywhere and anytime. Feeding the digital world with information, as measurements of physical phenomenon, is done by the use of sensors. Extending the control from the digital world to the physical world can be achieved by actuators. Combining those sensors and actuators with wireless networking capabilities enables a new paradigm for e.g. scientists, medical personnel, and engineers to observe physical phenomena. The world of networking sensor and actuator devices is vast and covers aspects such as energy-efficient hardware design principles, medium access protocols, routing and transport protocols, embedded operating systems, security, low-power operations, localization, data storage, mobility, and network management etc. All these areas are important for embedded systems targeting the interconnection of small devices. In the scope of this thesis, the embedded system is realized in the form of a small sensor and actuator node, a device with interfaces to measure physical phenomenon and/or affect the surrounding environment. Our primary hypothesis is that standards-based protocols and de facto standards can be utilized as the fundamental operational infrastructure of the sensor and actuator nodes. Using a universal widespread standard protocol can be advantageous in respective to a custom made solution when developing and deploying networking nodes. Today, TCP/IP is the most widespread networking protocol suite in computer communication in use. As a consequence, we show how the readily available TCP/IP protocol suite can be used as a foundation for intra/internetworking even for resource constrained sensor and actuator nodes. A platform that is intelligent and accessible over the Internet opens new possibilities for control, maintenance, and remote monitoring. In this thesis commercial off-the-shelf hardware components are used in combination with software based on standard protocols as a basis for the platform architecture. First, a small wireless networking node accessible from devices in close proximity is presented. The generic architecture enables the rapid development of various applications, adaptable to different usage scenarios. Second, it is shown that a small spontaneous network of mobile nodes can be established, even though the resources on the nodes are very limited. Third, many applications require a large number of small and lightweight nodes to cooperate. However, one of the challenges with networking sensor and actuator nodes is the distributed functionality without central control. The approach taken in this thesis was to leverage emerging technologies to model the functionality of the nodes, thus nodes are provided with the capability and mechanisms to present themselves and to discover peer nodes. Consequently, application-level interoperability is enabled by introducing service discovery techniques which have the potential to automate the discovery of nodes and required services.

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  • 6.
    Östmark, Åke
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Embedded internet system architectures2004Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Today, using computers is a daily thing for many people over the world. We use computers to for example communicate, read news, search for sport events, correspond with e-mail, participate in meetings, and download the latest polyphonic ring tones for our mobile phones. This digital world is often distinguished from the outside world, or the physical world. Feeding the digital world with information, as measurements of physical phenomenon, is done by the use of sensors. Extending the control from the digital world to the physical world can be achieved by controlling actuators. Combining those sensor and actuators with wireless networking capabilities enables a new paradigm to for example scientists, medical personnel, and engineers to observe physical phenomena and react to it. The world of networking sensors is vast and covers aspects such as communication protocols, ubiquitous computing environments, embedded operating systems, embedded system designs, security, low-power operations, location- awareness, and middleware issues etc. At EISLAB, the development of various applications requires a platform, in terms of both hardware and software, to form a network of wireless nodes. A platform that is intelligent and accessible over the Internet opens new possibilities for system fault detection, control, maintenance, and remote monitoring. In this thesis commercial off-the-shelf hardware components are used in combination with software based on standard protocols as a basis for the platform architecture. The focus has been on a collection of small, battery-operated, and autonomous wireless networking nodes. The thesis makes contribution to the area by exploring and elaborating the possibilities of making those resource limited nodes accessible over the public Internet. First, a small wireless networking sensor unit accessible from devices in close proximity is presented. The generic architecture enables the rapid development of various applications, adaptable to different usage scenarios. Second, an architecture (and the implementation of the architecture) is presented where devices like simple sensors become accessible as nodes on the public Internet. The architecture enables direct access to collected measurements and events from the physical world. Third, it is shown that a small spontaneous network of mobile nodes can be established, even though the resources on the nodes are very limited. The nodes do not have to be user operated and can self-establish a connection with an appropriate access point.

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  • 7. Östmark, Åke
    et al.
    Eliasson, Jens
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Lindgren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Meppelink, Lianne
    van Halteren, Aart
    University of Twente.
    An infrastructure for service oriented sensor networks2006In: Journal of Computers, ISSN 1796-203X, Vol. 1, no 5, p. 20-29Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Emerging wireless technologies enable ubiquitous access to networked services. Integration of wireless technologies into sensor and actuator nodes provides the means for remote access and control. However, ad hoc deployment of nodes complicates the process of finding, selecting and sing these in a meaningful way. The use of a service discovery framework enables nodes to present themselves and the resources they hold. In this paper, we review the applicability of a number of well-known service discovery protocols in the context of networked nodes. Multicast DNS and Service Discovery (mDNS-SD) stands out with its auto-configuration, distributed architecture,sharing of resources, and wide area access. For wireless battery operated and resource constrained nodes, we seek to integrate SD and power management techniques. This leads us to a standards based infrastructure for service oriented sensor networks where; 1) nodes collaborate in an ad hoc fashion by using SD techniques to discover (and announce) resources locally and over the public Internet, 2) nodes preserve power through aggressive utilization of low power (sleep) modes, while yet being reachable for clients according to defined schemas, and 3) clients may access and configure nodes, and (if possible) access sleeping nodes by implicit wake-up procedures. To demonstrate the proposed infrastructure a complete experimental setup has been devised featuring; Bluetooth enabled nodes, lightweight implementations of mDNS-SD and communication stacks, Internet access through cellular/wired gateways, together with a public DNS server. Our experiments verify that mDNS-SD can be effectively deployed on small wireless sensor and actuator nodes and provides the basis of a service oriented infrastructure for low power sensor networks.

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    fulltext
  • 8.
    Östmark, Åke
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering.
    Lindgren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    van Halteren, Aart
    University of Twente.
    Meppelink, Lianne
    University of Twente.
    Service and device discovery of nodes in a wireless sensor network2006In: IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference: CCNC 2006, Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Communications Society, 2006, p. 218-222Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Emerging wireless communication standards and more capable sensors and actuators have pushed further development of wireless sensor networks. Deploying a large number of sensor nodes requires a high-level framework enabling the devices to present themselves and the resources they hold. The device and the resources can be described as services, and in this paper, we review a number of well-known service discovery protocols. Bonjour stands out with its auto-configuration, distributed architecture, and sharing of resources. We also present a lightweight implementation in order to demonstrate that an emerging standards-based device and service discovery protocol can actually be deployed on small wireless sensor nodes.

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    fulltext
  • 9. Östmark, Åke
    et al.
    Svensson, Linus
    Lindgren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Delsing, Jerker
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Mobile medical applications made feasible through use of EIS platforms2003In: Proceedings of the 20th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference: IMTC '03, IEEE Communications Society, 2003, p. 292-295Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Monitoring of medical parameters often limits the mobility of the patient, eg., to the hospital. We present the first steps toward a solution where the patient is offered safety, while allowed the mobility to carry on with daily activities. A pulse oximeter is interfaced to a wireless sensor platform. The sensor system acts as a Bluetooth device providing a TCP/IP interface for configuration and maintenance. This allows user interaction through standardized WWW-browser technology. The sensor provides platform independent client software for data presentation. Sensor data can be transferred over IP/UDP and displayed in real time on the client device.

  • 10. Östmark, Åke
    et al.
    Öhult, Conny
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Eriksson, Joakim
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Lindgren, Per
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Delsing, Jerker
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    A wireless network of EIS devices [sensor networks]2004In: From the electrometer to the networked instruments : a giant step toward a deeper knowledge: proceedings of the 21th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Como, Italy, May 18 - 20, 2004 / [ed] Serge Demidenko, Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Communications Society, 2004, p. 1199-1202Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    By using a sensor connected to a generic wireless embedded Internet system (EIS) platform, data can be presented on-line over the Internet using a standard WWW-browser. When started, the EIS device automatically searches and connects to other devices providing Internet connectivity. The EIS can also provide Internet access for other devices, for example other EIS platforms, thus creating a local network. In this paper we focus on mobile phones with GPRS as the means for wireless Internet connectivity as it provides enhanced area coverage in today's networks. To overcome the problem of non-public IP addresses, a basic server based solution is developed. Our experiments confirm that within GPRS coverage, the EIS device successfully provides Internet access and presents data for on-line monitoring over the Internet.

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    FULLTEXT01
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