Denna rapport beskriver projektplanen för projektet Framtidsfabriken - en konceptfabrik utformad av kvinnor och ungdomar. Syftet med projektet är att bidra till utvecklingen av arbetsformer som ger en bättre arbetsmiljö för både kvinnor och män i industriellt arbete samt att ta fram uppdaterade principer för ett modernt industriellt produktionssystem. Vi utgår från de krav på det goda industri¬arbetet som ungdomar och kvinnor i dagens samhälle ställer. Vår metodidé är att försöka bryta gängse mönster i utformning av produktions¬system genom att låta grupper som i vanliga fall inte deltar i produk¬tionsutveckling (ungdomar och kvinnor) praktiskt medverka. Projektet genomförs 2008-2010 och har fyra faser: 1) kunskapsöversikt kring produktionssystem, arbetsmiljö och genus, 2) förstudie - en empirisk kartläggning av problem och preferenser kring produktionsmiljö, främst hos kvinnor i industrin och ungdomar, men också andra aktörer, 3) "projektering" - projektets interaktiva del där arbetsgrupper bestående av ungdomar och kvinnor med hjälp av forskarna arbetar fram en attraktiv och samtidigt effektiv "konceptfabrik", dvs. en visualiserad modell över ett framtida produktionssystem, och en uppsättning uppdaterade kriterier för det goda industriarbetet på systemnivå. 4) Summerande analys.

Ett forskningsprojekt som bland annat innebar arbete tillsammans med ett designteam bestående av kvinnor (yrkesaktiva inom industrin) för att utforma modeller för framtidens industriarbete – både organisation och arbetsplatser. Projektet pågick 2008-2011 med finansiering från AFA (2,7 milj. kr), FAS (2,4 milj. kr) samt EUs regionala utvecklingsfond. I projektet medverkade även Jan Johansson, Bo Johansson och Kjell Rask. Doktorander: Åsa Wikberg-Nilsson (Industriell design) och Stina Johansson (IPM).

The world's metal mining industry faces a number of challenges which must be anticipated and managed wisely. The prevailing recession will force the industry to further rationalisations that require both new technologies and new organisational forms that supports both high productivity and good working conditions. Based on what was said at three international mining conferences, the authors of this paper present 16 predictions for the mining industry of the future. In one or another way the mining industry of today must address them all.

The aim with this article is to discuss how changes in technology at workplaces engender both change and restoration of gender constructions within the context of underground mining. The discussions are formed around a constructed case based on material from gender and organizational studies of large-scale industrial mines in different countries, most of them from Sweden. New technologies such as digitalization and automation together with new organizational forms engender changes in mining work, e.g., new types of work tasks, new competence demands, and a move from underground to high-tech control rooms aboveground. One main observation is that the changes challenge the old and recalcitrant blue-collar mining masculinity. On the one hand, the organizational resistance and “lagging” seemed to result in re-gendering and restoration of the male dominance. On the other hand, there were tendencies to adaptation in the workplace cultures, including new ways of forming mining masculinities, perhaps even undoing of gender. The main conclusion is that the most probable development lies somewhere in-between and by analyzing such complex processes of gender, technology, and change future research can get more knowledge of changes of gender constructions in working life.

Det goda arbetet är en uppsättning normativa kriterier för ett gott industriarbete formulerade av Svenska metallindustriarbetareförbundet (numera IF Metall), och etablerades som ett begrepp i den svenska arbetsvetenskapliga forskningen. Diskurserna kring effektiv organisation och arbetsmiljö har dock växlat genom decennierna och idag diskuteras inte det goda arbetet så ofta utan det är nya koncept som gäller, där Lean production är det mest framträdande. I denna rapport ska vi försöka rekonstruera de historiska rötterna som låg till grund för "Det goda arbetet" och diskutera dess relevans i förhållande till dagens industriella kontext. Vår utgångspunkt är att det goda arbetet inte är något som är givet en gång för alla, utan något som kontinuerligt måste uppdateras i förhållande till ny teknik och förändrad samhällelig kontext. Den industriella kontext vi möter i det tjugoförsta århundradet innehåller fallgropar, men ger också nya förutsättningar och nya utvecklingsmöjligheter som kan bidra till ny utvecklingsperiod för det goda arbetet.

Work is a central part of our lives in many aspects. Half of our awake time is for most of us performed as paid work. At work, we create the values we need to live the life we desire. At work, we are socialized and shaped into the human beings we are. We are all concerned about how our work will be in the future; will we be able to handle the new technology or will we be replaced by a robot? Do we see the new technology as The wolf is coming or God's gift to mankind? This is an existential question and the future work is shaped here and now. This means that we need to get a picture of what is happening so we can act, but we also need a vision of where we want to go. Our mission as a researcher is to find the pathways to the Sustainable work, but in order to to find the way, we sometimes have to take on the role of the wolf and ask the uncomfortable questions.

Over a period of 50 years at Kiruna iron ore mine in the far north of Sweden we can see a transformation of work from underground to remote control at surface level. What characterized the old underground workface was the close relation between man and the hard rock centred on arduous physical work under dangerous conditions. Today, the face miners are located ‘up in the sky' on the seventh level of an office building close to the mine. The workers leave their job at the end of the shift just as clean as when they arrived. The contact with the hard rock is mediated by machines controlled by remote control technology. The modern technology has created a new type of work - new in terms of competencies and knowledge as well as workload. The purpose of this article is to reflect on the technical development of underground mining in Kiruna and to consider the implications it has had on qualifications, identity and gender. There is an emerging, and in many aspects already evident, knowledge transformation - from the old and obsolete physical and tacit knowledge and skills (for example the ability to ‘read the rock') to something new which can be described as abstract knowledge. But the old culture still provides an important context for workplace learning and the construction of identity and gender. This is associated with a degree of ‘worker identity lag' and to difficulties in adapting attitudes and norms to the demands and structures that result from the new technology and the new work tasks. The new forms of work in the mine have less need for the traditional mining competencies, attitudes and ideals. The traditional workplace culture and its ‘macho tyle' have also been challenged. Workers have to find new ways to learn and to develop a workplace culture more attuned to a new type of worker identity and masculinity.

The aim of this paper is to discuss how to form work and organisations in the mines of the future. The Kiruna underground iron ore mine in the far north of Sweden is used as an example on how technical development affects organisational issues like skills, work identity and gender. Over a period of 50 years one can see a transformation of work from manual underground work to automation and remote control from surface level. What characterised the old underground workface was the close relation between man and the hard rock and with arduous physical work under dangerous conditions. Today, the face miners are located on the seventh level of an office building close to the mine. There is also an emerging, and in many aspects already evident, knowledge transformation - from the old and obsolete physical and tacit knowledge and skills (for example the ability to ‘read the rock') to something new, which can be described as abstract ‘high-tech' knowledge and skills. The modern technology has created a new type of work - new in terms of competencies and knowledge as well as workload and organisation. At the same time the mining company are recruiting more women and promoting the former pure male work as attractive workplaces for both women and men. All this has effects on how individuals and company create and recreate skills, identity and gender. To some extent the technological development predestines these changes, but there are some choices to be done when forming good work and organisations for the mines of the future. The traditional mining workplace culture and behaviours and the old type of masculinity, the ‘macho' style, will be challenged by the new ‘high-tech' work and new competency demands. The changes risk meeting restoring responses, which can have negative impact on the performance of the organisation, for example making it inflexible and perhaps ‘lagging' behind the technological development. These questions need to be handled when planning future mining.

The purpose of this article is to describe a broader concept of the psychosocial work environment, a concept that not only is limited to the individual and her immediate environment but also takes into account a broader context that includes production technology as well as work organization and learning. Based on examples from Sweden, we discuss concepts and approaches to psychosocial work environment and how these have changed over time (e.g., how knowledge about the psychosocial work environment is used to understand and discuss health, management, and development—for individuals, groups, and organizations). The knowledge presented is not new; it has been around a long time. The title of the article—One Hundred Years of Inertia—shows some impatience on the part of its authors given that the pace of change in the work environment has not always been great.

I Kirunagruvan kan vi under en period på 50 år följa förändringen av produktionsarbetet från ett tungt och farligt underjordsarbete till fjärrstyrning via modern teknik i en trygg kontorsmiljö. Syftet med artikeln är att reflektera över en kunskapsförvandling från äldre tiders hantverkskunnande med kroppsliga och tysta kunskaper till något nytt. I artikeln diskuterar vi hur individ och organisation skapar och återskapar kvalifikationer, identiteter och kön i mötet med ny teknik och nya organisationsformer.

Detta projekt syftar till utveckla en verktygslåda som ger vidgade sinnen, ökad styrka och virtuell förmåga att röra sig fritt i tid och rum för framtidens operatör (process- och produktionsnära personal). Projektet syftar även till att omdefiniera roller, kompetenskrav och organisationsformer för att skapa ökad kommunikation, stöd och förbättrade förutsättningar för decentraliserat beslutsfattande. Projektet inleddes som ett ”A-projekt” 2011-2012 (600 000 kr) och pågår nu som ett ”B-projekt” 2012-2014 (10 milj. kr) med finansiering från VINNOVA. Projektet är ett samarbete med Chalmers. Från LTU medverkar Lena Abrahamsson (forskningsledare), Jan Johansson och Camilla Grane. Forskargruppen vid Chalmers leds av Johan Stahre som också är övergripande projektledare. I projektet ingår även företag som Volvo, LKAB, AstraTech, Boliden, Sandvik, SKF mfl.

Denna rapport ingår som en del i förstudien The Mine of the Future - A Conceptual Study. Förstudien ska resultera i ett framtidsscenario som kommer att formuleras på en över­gripande konceptuell nivå och omfatta hela gruvbrytningsprocessen, från tidig utredning och gruvplanering till färdig produkt. Nya produktionstekniska lösningar kommer att analyseras och utvärderas genom att de placeras i sitt organisatoriska sammanhang, dvs produktionssystemet ska fungera som en helhet. I rapporten summerar vi erfarenheterna från The First International Future Mining Conference som organiserades av University of New South Wales, Sydney, Austra­lien.

HLRC

EU strukturfonder

Följeforskning

Swedish mining companies and surrounding mining communities face many challenges when it comes to social sustainable development. For example, a strong mining workplace culture and community identity can create both strong cohesion but also lead to exclusion of certain groups, rejection of new ideas and reinforce traditional, masculine values. Other challenges include recruitment, as well as health and safety in relation to an increased use of contractors and automation of mining. The social dimension is relatively underdeveloped in studies of sustainable development in general and the mining industry in particular. This report reviews research on social sustainable development and mining with a special focus on (1) diversity of lifestyles, (2) gender, and (3) work conditions. Swedish and international research is reviewed and knowledge gaps are identified. All three areas of research can be regarded as relatively mature and they give important contributions to ourunderstanding of social sustainable development in relation to the mining sector even if they not always explicitly refer to it as such. There is a lack of research that links attitudes, policies and activities within companies to their impact on the wider society, and vice versa. Future research should also include the development of methods and indicators for social sustainability relevant for mining.

The mining industry safety production situation is becoming more and more severe in China with safety accidents occurring frequently, which is closely related to insufficient safety investments and unreasonable distribution. Additionally, it does not keep in line with the main purpose of occupation health and safety management system (OHSAS18001).In order to carry on the reasonable scientific disposition to the safety investments of the mining industry, increase safety investments efficiency and satisfy the requirements of OHSAS18001, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is adopted to calculate the safety investments, loss and output. Firstly, the analysis software MYDEA of DEA is used to calculate the results to obtain the evaluation result of safety benefits. Secondly, the target value of the improvement work in the aspect of investment is achieved by method of projection analysis when the decision making unit (DMUj0) of non DEA efficiency is changed into DEA efficiency. Lastly, it can be obtained on the basis of grey relational analysis (GM) that the investment amount of safety management and training of employees has the highest relation on the effective safety benefits of the mining industry. Thus, the investment of safety management and training of employees should be strengthened. This kind of empirical method of comprehensive model provides a direction and theoretical reference for safety investments benefits analysis and optimized investment structure, and a structure for the effective operation of mining industry occupational health and safety management system

In order to effectively evaluate the relationship between safety investments and accident impact losses in the mining occupational health and safety management system, a grey relational analysis model is established. Firstly, 4 firstgrade indicators including safety technical measures fee etc. and 23 second- grade ones including ventilation system etc. are established. Secondly, by calculating the grey relational analysis between the variables of the data sequence and the system characteristic variables, analysis results of advantages and the evaluation ones are obtained. Finally, the model is validated by case study. The results demonstrate that the investments of safety technical measures and safety management and training have a great impact on the accident losses. The quantitative analysis of safety investments and losses is realized by the model, which provides the direction for the enterprise's strategic investments and reduces the economic losses.

Cleaner production assessment is a measure of the state and level of cleaner production, also a necessary method of promoting cleaner production in enterprises. For the purpose of the improvement of cleaner production of enterprises, improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model and grey relational analysis (GRA) are used to assess the same nature of the three enterprises of one group with seven quantitative indicators concordant with the Cleaner Production Report. The results are consistent with the clean production reports from three enterprises, which show that the integrated methods are feasible and objective, and can be used as a tool for internal cleaner production assessment.

The EU directive 92/57/EEC focuses on ensuring that health and safety-related matters are taken into consideration during every stage of construction-related work and has been introduced into the regulations of the member countries. In 2006, Sweden was tasked by the European Commission to clarify its implementation of the directive, including which management roles and responsibilities were to come into effect during both the planning and eventual execution of construction work—changes that ultimately were introduced into the national regulations in 2009. Focusing on the accident trends in the construction industry in the years immediately following these regulatory changes, we find that the new management roles and responsibilities had no apparent effect on the accident rates. Furthermore, we argue that there is a need to broaden the analysis regarding the implementation of the EU directive 92/57/EEC to also include nation-specific changes to health and safety management and policy. These qualitative studies should also include a dedicated focus on how changes to management structures and processes may affect the prevalence of occupational diseases specifically.

This report is a literature review of international research focusing on safety culture and safety management practices in the construction industry. More specifically, we discuss how the term “safety culture” can be understood in relation to the broader term “organizational culture” and that there is an intimate connection between the two. Furthermore, we conclude that much of the research takes a normative approach when studying safety culture in the sense of assuming that culture has a certain direction, i.e. that it aims at safety. It is less common that researchers take an interpretative perspective on safety culture where culture, in itself, is viewed as a complex phenomenon that cannot necessarily be controlled or managed in a certain direction. We argue that further studies in the field should also prioritize interpretative perspectives since it would contribute to a more nuanced view on safety culture, e.g., through qualitative methodological approaches such as ethnography. Finally, based on the results of previous research, we suggest a number of activities that can be introduced to the safety training park outside of Arlanda, Stockholm, as a way of strengthening their proactive safety work.

The Swedish construction industry has made major investments in recent years to raise awareness of the importance of working safely. Part of this effort is a safety park built by the Swedish Construction Federation and a number of construction companies, i.e. a facility where those who work in the industry are educated about safety and given the opportunity to jointly reflect on safety-related issues.

Our research group at Luleå University of Technology has followed the park's establishment with the aim of investigating how issues concerning safety culture can and has been integrated into the safety park's activities. The project has been described in three reports. The first is a survey of international research in the field of safety culture, safety work and safety training (see “Safety culture research in the construction industry”, Berglund et al, 2020). The second report presents a survey and characterization of the safety initiatives and safety cultures that exist in Swedish construction companies (see “Safety initiatives and safety culture in the Swedish construction industry”, Berglund et al, 2021). In this third report, which we call Results and recommendations, we present an overall analysis of the park's activities and conclude with a number of proposals for how the safety park can be further developed. 

In the report we can conclude that the safety park is in place and has been operating for just over three years. The park consists of a large number of stations or scenarios in which different situations and work moments are reflected. A visit to the park begins indoors with an introduction where the visiting company is given an initial description of the park's content and purpose, and a number of issues are introduced and discussed. After that, the visit continues outdoors by visiting a selection of stations that are designed according to the park’s educational principle of "see, hear, do and reflect". The choice of stations visited is made in consultation with the supervisor and with the visiting company. The day ends in the same way as it began, indoors, with reflections on lessons learned, and discussions about what the participants should take home to their own company. The park also serves as a display of current developments in the industry, not least in terms of new tools, equipment and materials, all with a focus on improved work environment and safety. The safety park is mainly visited by construction companies and construction students, but also by representatives from other industries. We have interviewed key individuals in the construction industry about the park and most of them testify that their visit was rewarding. Our report concludes with eleven development areas that we believe can help make the already good operations at the safety park even better.

1. Problematize prevailing safety cultures at more stations in the park.

2. The educational model is good and can be utilized in more stations.

3. All visits should have a clear and specific company profile.

4. All visitors should have a task to perform when returning to the company.

5. Stations must be up-to-date and reflect realistic situations.

6. The safety park should be a centre for learning, development and innovation.

7. The safety park can be a showroom for new technology and good equipment.

8. Gender issues should be integrated into the work of the security park.

9. The importance of management for safety culture should be emphasized more.

10.The safety park can become a resource for training foreign workers.

11. The safety park should follow up and document their experiences.

Syftet med litteraturstudien är att undersöka organisatoriska och sociala faktorer som påverkar arbetsmiljön för produktionsnära chefer och tjänstepersoner i den internationella bygg- och anläggningsindustrin.

Resultaten visar att även om många studier fokuserar på individers upplevda psykosociala arbetsmiljö finns problemen och möjligheterna att hitta i termer av handlingsutrymme, krav, resurser och stöd, det vill säga i den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön. Litteraturen kan delas in i tre övrgripande teman: copingsstrategier för stress, utbrändhet, och balans mellan arbete och privatliv. Forskningen om copingstrategier visar att organisatoriska förutsättningar i form av feedback och resurstilldelning för beslutstagande är viktigt för individers hantering av stressrelaterade problem. Studier om utbrändhet eller utmattningssyndrom som det numera benämns i svensk kontext pekar på att handlingsutrymme är en viktig faktor för att inte drabbas av utmattning. Slutligen, studier om balansen mellan arbete och privatliv visar på att organisatoriska omständigheter spelar en stor roll för att hitta just en balans, exempelvis genom att införa rutiner för hur tillgänglig en chef ska vara utanför normal arbetstid och se över chefers arbetstid så att det inte blir frågan om övertidsarbete under långa perioder.

En slutsats som kan dras är att arbetsgivare behöver ta hänsyn till den sammantagna bilden av kraven för dessa grupper då deras omständigheter kan kräva särskilda insatser i arbetsmiljöarbetet.

Syftet med denna delrapport är att dels beskriva byggprocessens mest centrala delar, dels beskriva platschefernas arbetssituation i bygg- och anläggningsindustrin.

Den första delen av delrapporten redovisar byggprocessens generella delar utifrån den beskrivning som görs av denna i Hansson, m.fl. bok ”Byggledning Produktion” (2021). Den andra delen där två platschefers arbetssituation redovisas bygger på två intervjuer med en platschef från ett byggprojekt och en platschef från ett anläggningsprojekt. Resultaten visar att platscheferna uppvisar ett stort intresse för sina respektive arbeten men att det samtidigt ställs höga krav på dem som individer i fråga om arbetsprestation och till viss del arbetstid och tillgänglighet.

BACKGROUND: Despite numerous regulatory initiatives to improve health and safety in the construction industry, it still ranks as one of the most accident-prone industries worldwide. A dedicated focus on safety culture has been suggested as a complement to laws, regulations and management systems.

OBJECTIVE: This article explores safety culture research conducted in the construction industry, with the aim to provide insight into the specific themes that tend to be in focus as well as what theoretical and methodological approaches that tend to be favored.

METHODS: Searches in scientific databases were conducted twice. In a first attempt, searches resulted in 54 hits but only two articles fit the scope of the study. A revision of the search phrase resulted in 124 hits. Ultimately, 17 articles fit the scope of the study and were included. The content of the articles was analyzed and sorted thematically.

RESULTS: The results show that four themes are prevalent in the existing literature: 1) unique challenges entail a need for situated applications, 2) models developed to operationalize safety culture, 3) measuring safety culture, and 4) safety management and leadership as key factors.

CONCLUSION:Although research focusing on the construction industry has come to favor certain study designs and definitions of safety culture, further research may be enriched by broadening the theoretical and methodological perspectives. Specifically, researchers should conduct more in-depth qualitative studies that take the complexity of the industry into account, including the interpersonal relations between the actors involved.

The problem of occupational accidents in the construction industry has necessitated a focus on proactive measures such as safety management programs. An example of this is safety parks, i.e. facilities where employees and managers from different construction companies can participate in site-specific activities and train in safety-related matters in a realistic context. Two specific focus areas are often present within these types of safety management programs: hands-on safety training and safety culture development as being within the purview of management. The purpose of this article is to investigate the developers’ intentions with the park in relation to safety culture development. Twenty interviews were conducted with experts in the area of health and safety. Results indicate that the safety park can contribute as a mirror for the companies own operations, with new information and knowledge of how work can be performed with safety being prioritized, to developing communication regarding safety-related matters, and finally the stations at the park may initiate a translation process as to how the lessons learned at the park can be applied to the participants’ own workplaces. All in all, the activities at the park can be said to be normative in nature, i.e. the developers seemingly have a desire to steer the safety culture development in a certain direction. There is a need for further research focusing on the concept of safety culture in these types of programs and, more broadly, in relation to its intended industry-wide effects.

The purpose of this study is to anazlye accidents occurring in the Swedish construction industry focusing specifically on the situation in the individual trades. The article includes all occupational accidents with at least one day of absence from work that were reported to the Swedish Social Insurance Agency for the year of 2016. The results, focusing on accident cause, injured body parts, as well as accidents per weekday, month and age, show that although the trades share commonalities regarding occupational accidents a number of trade-specific problem areas stand out. With this in mind, conclusions are drawn regarding the situation in each respective trade and suggestions are made for future studies focusing on accidents in construction industry trades.

Investments into the technology of the future require a firm basis in the needs of production industry. However, gathering, sorting and ranking cross-industrial future needs remains a steep challenge to technology developers. Gathering feedback from just one or a few case companies can result in a biased set of priorities, since feedback from specific industrial sectors may often be highly influenced by their industry- and product-specific challenges. The workshop method presented in this paper resolves this by using a highly interactive "mingling" technique to get participants in a large group workshop (between 15 - 20 people) to answer a specific question. The participants discuss ideas in smaller groups, share their findings to the group at large, co-operatively organize the input from all participants into functional categories, and finally perform a 'ranking' of the results. The outcome is a prioritized list of concerns to focus research efforts on, providing workshop analysts with a finished structure for reporting the results. The method was tested in two workshops within the project "The Operator of the Future" and resulted in plenty of positive feedback from participants, who felt that the input was relevant, well-structured, and easy to agree with due to the consensus categorizing.