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  • 1.
    Abel, Frank
    et al.
    TU Berlin.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Kuyumcu, Halit Z.
    TU Berlin.
    Einfluss verschiedener Parameter auf die Verdichtbarkeit und Festigkeit gestampfter Kohlekuchen2008Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 2.
    Abel, Frank
    et al.
    TU Berlin.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Kuyumcu, Halit Z.
    Stamped coal cakes in cokemaking technology Part 1 - A parameter study on stampability2009In: Ironmaking & steelmaking, ISSN 0301-9233, E-ISSN 1743-2812, Vol. 36, no 5, p. 321-326Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 3.
    Abel, Frank
    et al.
    TU Berlin.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Kuyumcu, Halit Z.
    TU Berlin.
    Stamped coal cakes in cokemaking technology Part 2 - The investigation of cake strength2009In: Ironmaking & steelmaking, ISSN 0301-9233, E-ISSN 1743-2812, Vol. 36, no 5, p. 327-332Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 4.
    Alakangas, Lena
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Geosciences and Environmental Engineering.
    Sandström, Åke
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Martinsson, Olof
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Geosciences and Environmental Engineering.
    Hällström, Lina
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Geosciences and Environmental Engineering.
    Project: Improve Resource Efficiency and Minimize Environmental Footprint2016Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    The REMinE project is organized in five work packages that comprise: detailedcharacterization and risk assessment of the mine wastes selected (WP2), identification of new processing methods for mine waste (WP3), characterization and risk assessment of the remaining residuals (WP4), outlining business opportunities and environmental impact in a conceptual model for sustainable mining (WP5). The project comprises case studies of historical mine wastes from three different European countries, namely Portugal, Romania and Sweden. The interdisciplinary research collaboration in this project is innovative in the sense that separation of minerals and extraction of metals not only are basedon technical and economic gain but also considers the environmental perspective.

  • 5.
    Andersson, Anton
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Ahmed, Hesham
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering. Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 87-Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Samuelsson, Caisa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Björkman, Bo
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Characterization and Upgrading of a Low Zinc-Containing and Fine Blast Furnace Sludge: A Multi-Objective Analysis2017In: ISIJ International, ISSN 0915-1559, E-ISSN 1347-5460, Vol. 57, no 2, p. 262-271Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ore-based steelmaking generates a variety of residues including dusts, sludges and slags. Recycling of these residues within the process or via other applications is essential for sustainable production from both environmental and economic aspects. In blast furnace (BF) ironmaking, there are generally two residues leaving the gas cleaning equipment; namely, BF dust and BF sludge. Traditionally, the dust is recycled via the sinter or, in the case of pellet based BF, via cold bonded agglomerates and injection. As the main output of zinc from the BF is the top gas, the sludge has to be dezinced prior to recycling to prevent accumulation of zinc in the furnace. Although dezincing of BF sludge has been successfully accomplished using e.g., hydrocycloning, the studied sludges are generally coarse sized and high in zinc. Furthermore, information is lacking regarding the efficiency of separation of different hydrocyclone setups. In the present work, hydrocycloning of a fine sludge, with low zinc content, generated by a pellet based BF has been studied. The gas cleaning equipment used to produce the sludge was running a primary aerocyclone and a scrubber. A characterization of the sludge has been conducted together with an evaluation of the separation efficiency of the hydrocyclone in order to assess the hydrocyclone performance and limitations. Furthermore, the dezincing using the hydrocyclone has been compared to that of sulfuric acid leaching. The results suggest that 51 to 93% of the sludge can be recycled depending on the demand on zinc removal and the chosen dezincing route.

  • 6.
    Bergamo, Pedro A. de S.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Izart, Caroline
    Metso Outotec Oy, Rauhalanpuisto 9, 02230 Espoo, Finland.
    Streng, Emilia S.
    Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Ghorbani, Yousef
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Use of Kirkpatrick evaluation model in simulation-based trainings for the mining industry - A case study for froth flotation2022In: Minerals Engineering, ISSN 0892-6875, E-ISSN 1872-9444, Vol. 188, article id 107825Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Trainings play a vital role in the transference of knowledge between skilled and novice operators in the mineral industry. Evaluation is an important part of those trainings, but many trainings rely solely on the trainees’ feedback. This paper presents how technology enhancement can help produce more effective training evaluations to the mineral industry. It describes a case study involving a froth flotation simulator-based training, including details of the simulation, user interface, and the training program. The training was delivered to sixteen mining operators and evaluated by both the traditional method (trainee's feedback) and with the simulation's learning evaluation. The feedback evaluation showed a high level of satisfaction with the learning results, while the learning evaluation showed a very different training outcome, putting established evaluation methods such as Kirckpatrick's “Four levels” into question. Correlations between the learning results and the operators’ personal information such as process work, and academic experience are also presented.

  • 7.
    Bergamo, Pedro A. de S.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering. Metso Outotec Oyj, Rauhalanpuisto 9, 02230 Espoo, Finland.
    Streng, Emilia S.
    Metso Outotec Oyj, Rauhalanpuisto 9, 02230 Espoo, Finland.
    de Carvalho, Marly A.
    Metso Outotec Oyj, Rauhalanpuisto 9, 02230 Espoo, Finland.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Ghorbani, Yousef
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Simulation-based training and learning: A review on technology-enhanced education for the minerals industry2022In: Minerals Engineering, ISSN 0892-6875, E-ISSN 1872-9444, Vol. 175, article id 107272Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a lack of skilled operators for mineral processing plants in the mining sector, which might be related to the challenge of creating trainings that addresses the operator’s daily work problems. In recent years, the use of simulator-based trainings as a tool to build competence has grown in many different fields. With the help of technologies like virtual reality, these tools have been demonstrated to increase awareness and the capability of workers when compared to traditional learning methods. In this paper, a review is presented on the development and application of such technologies in simulation-based training for the training of operators of the minerals industry in the last 20 years. Proposed next steps and new technologies with the potential of improving these applications are also discussed.

  • 8.
    Bielig, Tina
    et al.
    TU Berlin.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Kuyumcu, Halit Z.
    TU Berlin.
    Methodology for the process based acquisition and assessment of non-intended outputs in the mining industry2007In: CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, ISSN 1863-0650, E-ISSN 1863-0669, Vol. 35, no 4, p. 370-377Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For the activities of the mining industry land, equipment, material, and energy are used. During operation material and energy flows such as overburden, dead rock, tailings, wastewater, exhaust air, dust, energy, abrasion, coolant and lubricant losses, are released. These released material and energy flows are nearly always without value for the raw material supply chain as they are not production targets. Instead, they have negative effects on the economy and ecology and are, therefore, referred to as non-intended. The knowledge of the quantities and qualities of these non-intended outputs as a function of the processes and their parameters is the basis for technical and economical measures. A methodology for the acquisition and assessment of the material and energy flows in the mining industry was developed and tested at the Technical University Berlin, Germany. For that purpose and based on a system analysis in different mines, all relevant material and energy flows were assigned to individual processes. Causal relationships, possible interactions, quantities, and qualities were examined as functions of system parameters. Finally, a technical and economic evaluation was performed.

  • 9.
    Bru, Kathy
    et al.
    BRGM, France.
    Beaulieu, Mickaël
    BRGM, France.
    Sousa, Rui
    LNEG National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, Portugal.
    Leite, Mário Machado
    LNEG National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, Portugal.
    Botleho de Sousa, Ana
    LNEG National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, Portugal.
    Kol, Erdogan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Parvaz, Daniel B.
    SELFRAG AG, Switzerland. Lightning Machines Limited, UK.
    Comparative laboratory study of conventional and Electric Pulse Fragmentation (EPF) technologies on the performances of the comminution and concentration steps for the beneficiation of a scheelite skarn ore2020In: Minerals Engineering, ISSN 0892-6875, E-ISSN 1872-9444, Vol. 150, article id 106302Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Electric Pulse Fragmentation (EPF) is an innovative technology that uses High-Voltage Pulsed Power (HVPP) for the selective comminution of a material. This paper aims to compare a beneficiation flowsheet including an EPF treatment in the comminution circuit to a conventional pathway where the EPF step was replaced by a series of jaw crushers. Tests were performed on a skarn ore containing scheelite as the main mineral of interest. This ore is characterized by a fine-grained mineralogy and represents a challenge to conventional comminution processing, requiring fine grinding to liberate the valuable minerals. Fine grinding has high energy requirements and generates large amounts of fines which can result in losses of the target mineral due to their removal before the concentration processes, especially in this case since scheelite is a brittle material.

    Comparison of EPF treatment to mechanical crushing with a similar product size P80 (i.e. 80% passing size) showed that the EPF treatment led to a significant increase in WO3 content and distribution in the 0/250 µm size fraction suggesting a pre-concentration aspect to EPF treatment. Moreover, a marked improvement of the grindability of the ore treated at a discharged energy of 9.1 kWh/t was observed with values of 10.6 kWh/t compared to 14.5 kWh/t when conventional treatment was used. Subsequent grinding and concentration steps confirmed the positive impacts of the fragmentation selectivity and pre-weakening effect of the EPF treatment. In particular, a reduction in fines production was observed after ball milling and a better concentrate grade was achieved for a similar recovery rate when an EPF treatment was included in the comminution pathway compared to the conventional one. These results confirm the potential of the EPF treatment for improving the performances of the beneficiation processes of this scheelite-bearing skarn ore.

  • 10.
    Chelgani, Saeed Chehreh
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Parian, Mehdi
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Semsari, Parisa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Ghorbani, Yousef
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    A comparative study on the effects of dry and wet grinding on mineral flotation separation: a review2019In: Journal of Materials Research and Technology, ISSN 2238-7854, Vol. 8, no 5, p. 5004-5011Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Water scarcity dictates to limit the use of water in ore processing plants particularly in arid regions. Since wet grinding is the most common method for particle size reduction and mineral liberation, there is a lack of understanding about the effects of dry grinding on downstream separation processes such as flotation. This manuscript compiles various effects of dry grinding on flotation and compares them with wet grinding. Dry grinding consumes higher energy and produces wider particle size distributions compared with wet grinding. It significantly decreases the rate of media consumption and liner wear; thus, the contamination of pulp for flotation separation is lower after dry grinding. Surface roughness, particle agglomeration, and surface oxidation are higher in dry grinding than wet grinding, which all these effects on the flotation process. Moreover, dry ground samples in the pulp phase correlate with higher Eh and dissolved oxygen concentration. Therefore, dry grinding can alter the floatability of minerals. This review thoroughly assesses various approaches for flotation separation of different minerals, which have been drily ground, and provides perspectives for further future investigations.

  • 11.
    Chipakwe, Vitalis
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Hulme-Smith, Christopher
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Karlkvist, Tommy
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Chelgani, Saeed Chehreh
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Effects of Chemical Additives on Rheological Properties of Dry Ground Ore - a Comparative Study2022In: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, ISSN 0882-7508, E-ISSN 1547-7401, Vol. 43, no 3, p. 380-389Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is well documented that chemical additives (grinding aid “GA”) during grinding can increase mill throughput, reduce water and energy consumption, narrow the particle size distribution of products, and improve material flowability. These advantages have been linked to their effects on the rheology, although there is a gap in understanding GA effectiveness mechanism on the flow properties. The present study aims to fill this gap using different GAs (Zalta™ GR20-587, Zalta™ VM1122, and sodium hydroxide) through batch grinding experiments of magnetite ore and addressing the mechanisms of their effects on the rheology by an FT4 Powder Rheometer as a unique system. Experimental results showed that GA improved grinding efficiency (energy consumption and product fineness), which were well-correlated with basic flow energy, specific energy, aerated basic flow energy, and aerated energy. Moreover, the rheometry measurement showed strong linear correlations between basic flow energy, specific energy, and the resulting work index when GAs was considered for grinding, which confirmed the effect of GA on ground particles’ flowability. Zalta™ VM1122, a polysaccharide-based grinding aid, showed the best performance with 38.8% reduction of basic flow energy, 20.4% reduction of specific energy, 24.6% reduction of aerated basic flow energy, and 38.3% reduction of aerated energy. It also showed the strongest correlation between the grinding parameters and flow parameters (r > 0.93). The present investigation shows a strong indication that the predominant mechanism of GAs is based on the alteration of rheological properties and identify Zalta™ VM1122 as the best GA.

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  • 12.
    Chipakwe, Vitalis
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Karlkvist, Tommy
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Chelgani, Saeed Chehreh
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Beneficial effects of a polysaccharide-based grinding aid on magnetite flotation: a green approach2022In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 12, no 1, article id 6502Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Grinding is the most energy-intensive step in mineral beneficiation processes. The use of grinding aids (GAs) could be an innovative solution to reduce the high energy consumption associated with size reduction. Surprisingly, little is known about the effects of GAs on downstream mineral beneficiation processes, such as flotation separation. The use of ecofriendly GAs such as polysaccharide-based materials would help multiply the reduction of environmental issues in mineral processing plants. As a practical approach, this work explored the effects of a novel polysaccharide-based grinding aid (PGA) on magnetite's grinding and its reverse flotation. Batch grinding tests indicated that PGA improved grinding performance by reducing energy consumption, narrowing particle size distribution of products, and increasing their surface area compared to grinding without PGA. Flotation tests on pure samples illustrated that PGA has beneficial effects on magnetite depression (with negligible effect on quartz floatability) through reverse flotation separation. Flotation of the artificial mixture ground sample in the presence of PGA confirmed the benefits, giving a maximum Fe recovery and grade of 84.4 and 62.5%, respectively. In the absence of starch (depressant), PGA resulted in a separation efficiency of 56.1% compared to 43.7% without PGA. The PGA adsorption mechanism was mainly via physical interaction based on UV–vis spectra, zeta potential tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and stability analyses. In general, the feasibility of using PGA, a natural green polymer, was beneficial for both grinding and reverse flotation separation performance.

  • 13.
    Chipakwe, Vitalis
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Karlkvist, Tommy
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Chelgani, Saeed Chehreh
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Exploring the effect of a polyacrylic acid-based grinding aid on magnetite-quartz flotation separation2023In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 305, article id 122530Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is well documented that the use of grinding aids (GAs) can reduce milling energy consumption. However, the impact of GAs on downstream processes must be addressed in view of complex processes such as froth flotation separation. This study investigates the effects of polyacrylic-based grinding aids (Zalta™ GR20-587: AAG) on the grinding performance and quartz flotation from magnetite. Various AAG dosages and conditions were examined. The grinding results showed lower energy consumption and a finer, more uniform product size with roughened surfaces for AAG compared to grinding without the grinding aid. Flotation tests of single pure minerals showed that AAG enhanced quartz collection with minimal effect on magnetite. Mixed mineral flotation showed that by using AAG, Fe recovery of 92.1 % and 64.5 % Fe grade could be achieved with a lower collector dosage of 100 g/t compared to 200 g/t in the absence of AAG. Zeta potentials and stability measurements showed that AAG shifts the potential, thus improving the stability and dispersion of the suspension. Adsorption tests illustrated that AAG adsorbed on both quartz and magnetite, the former having a higher capacity. FTIR indicated the physisorption interaction between AAG and the minerals. Therefore, the presence of AAG not only improved grinding efficiency but could potentially decrease the amount of collector required to achieve comparable metallurgical performance.

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  • 14.
    Chipakwe, Vitalis
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Semsari, Parisa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Karlkvist, Tommy
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Chelgani, Saeed Chehreh
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    A comparative study on the effect of chemical additives on dry grinding of magnetite ore2020In: South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, ISSN 1026-9185, Vol. 34, p. 135-141Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dry grinding as an alternative to wet grinding is one of Sweden's strategic research areas to promote dry beneficiation. However, dry grinding has remained unpopular due to its higher specific energy consumption (Ec), wider particle size distribution (PSD), difficult material handling, and purported effects on downstream processes. In this work, the effects of the new additives (Zalta™ GR20–587, Zalta™ VM1122, and Sodium hydroxide) employed as grinding aids (GA) on dry grinding and product characteristics of a magnetite ore were studied in light of possible downstream effects. The grinding efficiency of Magnetite increased after using GAs in comparison without the GAs; however, an optimal dosage exists for each of the chemical additives investigated. Comparing to grinding without GA, Zalta™ VM1122, a viscosity modifier was selected as the most effective GA where by using this GA; the Ec decreased by 31.1% from 18.0 to 12.4 kWh/t, the PSD became narrower and finer (the P80 decreasing from 181 to 142 µm), and the proportion of the particles (38–150 µm) increased from 52.5 to 58.3%. Zalta™ VM1122 resulted in increased surface roughness and minimum microstructural defects. Further, it was found that Zalta™ VM1122 resulted in similar zeta potentials and pH values for the product compared to grinding without GA. These comparable product properties are advantageous as they minimize any potential negative effects on all possible downstream processes such as flotation.

  • 15.
    Chipakwe, Vitalis
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Semsari, Parisa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Karlkvist, Tommy
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Chelgani, Saeed Chehreh
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    A critical review on the mechanisms of chemical additives used in grinding and their effects on the downstream processes2020In: Journal of Materials Research and Technology, ISSN 2238-7854, Vol. 9, no 4, p. 8148-8162Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Grinding aids (GAs) have been an important advent in the comminution circuits. Over the last few decades, in order to address the high energy consumption and scarcity of potable water for mineral processing, chemical additives have become a promising alternative. Using GAs can have some advantages such as enhancing grinding efficiency, reducing water usage, improving material flowability, and narrowing the particle size distribution of the grinding products. A study on the effect of GAs on size reduction units is crucial for the beneficiation value chain of minerals and the impact on downstream processes. However, our understanding of the effects of these materials on the particle size reduction is quite limited. This article analyses the literature, which used GAs and provides a comprehensive review of their applications in the ore beneficiation processes. The outcomes of this investigation indicated that the current understanding on the mechanism of GA effects focuses only on their impacts on the product fineness and size distribution, and neglecting the aspect of energy expended and physicochemical environment. The application of GAs is mainly for rationalisation of energy where the type of reagent, pH, and ionic strength of the grinding environment is important. Gaps in knowledge of GAs are discussed in the context of addressing their use in the mineral industry, considering the mechanism of their effect, effect on grinding efficiency, and effect on the downstream processes. Addressing these gaps will pave the way for the application of GAs in improving size reduction efficiencies, which ultimately reduces environmental impacts.

  • 16.
    Ghorbani, Yousef
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Nwaila, Glen T.
    School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa.
    Zhang, Steven E.
    PG Techno Wox, Randfontein, South Africa.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rethinking Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Approaches to Ensure a Sustainable Supply of High-tech and Critical Raw Materials2021In: Rare Metal Technology 2021 / [ed] Gisele Azimi, Takanari Ouchi, Kerstin Forsberg, Hojong Kim, Shafiq Alam, Alafara Abdullahi Baba, Neale R. Neelameggham, Springer, 2021, p. 173-186Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Raw materials (RM) are crucial for maintaining our standard of living internationally. The fourth industrial revolution and the energy transition are reliant on access to various RMs. High-tech RMs are usually extracted as by-products from ore deposits. To increase the production of rare high-tech RM, it is essential to modify the existing bulk RM production processes and utilize partial, secondary, or waste streams. This study aims to present and discuss the necessities of redefining the concept and scope in mineral processing and extractive metallurgy approaches in order to secure a sustainable supply of high-tech and critical raw material (CRM) for the economy in modern society. We introduce a list of paths and trends for developing future concepts and methods in mineral processing and extractive metallurgy in pursuit of the sustainability of high-tech CRMs from all resources.

  • 17.
    Gruhn, Günter
    et al.
    TU Hamburg-Harburg.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Multiobjective Approach for Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection on Process Plants1995Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 18.
    Gruhn, Günter
    et al.
    TU Hamburg-Harburg.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Werter, Joachim
    TU Hamburg-Harburg.
    Toebermann, J.-Christian
    TU Hamburg-Harburg.
    Development of an object-oriented simulation system for complex solids processes1997In: Computers and Chemical Engineering, ISSN 0098-1354, E-ISSN 1873-4375, Vol. 21, p. S187-S192Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This contribution focuses on the development of SolidSim, an object-oriented, sequential-modular simulator adopted to the special requirements of steady-state solids processes. The conceptual design of the program system and implementational issues concerning process streams and unit operation models are outlined. Results from first test runs for different solids processes are presented.

  • 19.
    Guntoro, Pratama Istiadi
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Ghorbani, Yousef
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Butcher, Alan R.
    Geological Survey of Finland GTK, PO Box 96, 02151, Espoo, Finland.
    Kuva, Jukka
    Geological Survey of Finland GTK, PO Box 96, 02151, Espoo, Finland.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Textural Quantification and Classification of Drill Cores for Geometallurgy: Moving Toward 3D with X-ray Microcomputed Tomography (µCT)2020In: Natural Resources Research, ISSN 1520-7439, E-ISSN 1573-8981, Vol. 29, no 6, p. 3547-3565Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Texture is one of the critical parameters that affect the process behavior of ore minerals. Traditionally, texture has been described qualitatively, but recent works have shown the possibility to quantify mineral textures with the help of computer vision and digital image analysis. Most of these studies utilized 2D computer vision to evaluate mineral textures, which is limited by stereological error. On the other hand, the rapid development of X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) has opened up new possibilities for 3D texture analysis of ore samples. This study extends some of the 2D texture analysis methods, such as association indicator matrix (AIM) and local binary pattern (LBP) into 3D to get quantitative textural descriptors of drill core samples. The sensitivity of the methods to textural differences between drill cores is evaluated by classifying the drill cores into three textural classes using methods of machine learning classification, such as support vector machines and random forest. The study suggested that both AIM and LBP textural descriptors could be used for drill core classification with overall classification accuracy of 84–88%.

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  • 20.
    Guntoro, Pratama Istiadi
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Ghorbani, Yousef
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Koch, Pierre-Henri
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    X-ray Microcomputed Tomography (µCT) for Mineral Characterization: A Review of Data Analysis Methods2019In: Minerals, E-ISSN 2075-163X, Vol. 9, no 3, article id 183Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The main advantage of X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) as a non-destructive imaging tool lies in its ability to analyze the three-dimensional (3D) interior of a sample, therefore eliminating the stereological error exhibited in conventional two-dimensional (2D) image analysis. Coupled with the correct data analysis methods, µCT allows extraction of textural and mineralogical information from ore samples. This study provides a comprehensive overview on the available and potentially useful data analysis methods for processing 3D datasets acquired with laboratory µCT systems. Our study indicates that there is a rapid development of new techniques and algorithms capable of processing µCT datasets, but application of such techniques is often sample-specific. Several methods that have been successfully implemented for other similar materials (soils, aggregates, rocks) were also found to have the potential to be applied in mineral characterization. The main challenge in establishing a µCT system as a mineral characterization tool lies in the computational expenses of processing the large 3D dataset. Additionally, since most of the µCT dataset is based on the attenuation of the minerals, the presence of minerals with similar attenuations limits the capability of µCT in mineral segmentation. Further development on the data processing workflow is needed to accelerate the breakthrough of µCT as an analytical tool in mineral characterization.

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  • 21.
    Guntoro, Pratama Istiadi
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Ghorbani, Yousef
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Parian, Mehdi
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Butcher, Alan R.
    Geological Survey of Finland GTK, PO Box 96, 02151 Espoo, Finland.
    Kuva, Jukka
    Geological Survey of Finland GTK, PO Box 96, 02151 Espoo, Finland.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Development and experimental validation of a texture-based 3D liberation model2021In: Minerals Engineering, ISSN 0892-6875, E-ISSN 1872-9444, Vol. 164, article id 106828Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Prediction of mineral liberation is one of the key steps in establishing a link between ore texture and its processing behavior. With the rapid development of X-ray Microcomputed Tomography (µCT), the extension of liberation modeling into 3D realms becomes possible. Liberation modeling allows for the generation of particle population from 3D texture data in a completely non-destructive manner. This study presents a novel texture-based 3D liberation model that is capable of predicting liberation from 3D drill core image acquired by µCT. The model takes preferential, phase-boundary, and random breakage into account with differing relative contributions to the liberation depending on the ore texture itself. The model was calibrated using experimental liberation data measured in 3D µCT. After calibration, the liberation model was found to be capable of explaining on average of around 84% of the variance in the experimental liberation data. The generated particle population can be used for particle-based process simulation to evaluate the process responses of various ore textures subjected to various modes of breakage.

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  • 22.
    Guntoro, Pratama Istiadi
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering. Kaunis Iron AB, Bert-Ove Johanssons väg 8, SE-984 91, Pajala, Sweden.
    Ghorbani, Yousef
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    3D Ore Characterization as a Paradigm Shift for Process Design and Simulation in Mineral Processing2021In: Berg- und Huttenmännische Monatshefte (BHM), ISSN 0005-8912, E-ISSN 1613-7531, Vol. 166, no 8, p. 384-389Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Current advances and developments in automated mineralogy have made it a crucial key technology in the field of process mineralogy, allowing better understanding and connection between mineralogy and the beneficiation process. The latest developments in X‑ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) have shown a great potential to let it become the next-generation automated mineralogy technique. µCT’s main benefit lies in its capability to allow 3D monitoring of the internal structure of the ore sample at resolutions down to a few hundred nanometers, thus excluding the common stereological error in conventional 2D analysis. Driven by the technological and computational progress, µCT is constantly developing as an analysis tool and successively it will become an essential technique in the field of process mineralogy. This study aims to assess the potential application of µCT systems, for 3D ore characterization through relevant case studies. The opportunities and platforms that µCT 3D ore characterization provides for process design and simulation in mineral processing are presented.

  • 23.
    Guntoro, Pratama Istiadi
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Ghorbani, Yousef
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Use of X-ray Micro-computed Tomography (µCT) for 3-D Ore Characterization: A Turning Point in Process Mineralogy2019In: IMCET 2019 - Proceedings of the 26th International Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey, Baski , 2019, p. 1044-1054Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In recent years, automated mineralogy has become an essential enabling technology in the field of process mineralogy, allowing better understanding between mineralogy and the beneficiation process. Recent developments in X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) as a non-destructive technique have indicated great potential to become the next automated mineralogy technique. μCT’s main advantage lies in its ability to allow 3-D monitoring of internal structure of the ore at resolutions down to a few hundred nanometers, thereby eliminating the stereological error encountered in conventional 2-D analysis. Driven by the technological and computational progress, the technique is continuously developing as an analysis tool in ore characterization and subsequently it foreseen thatμCT will become an indispensable technique in the field of process mineralogy. Although several software tools have been developed for processing μCT dataset, but the main challenge in μCT data analysis remains in the mineralogical analysis, where μCT data often lacks contrast between mineral phases, making segmentation difficult. In this paper, an overview of some current applications of μCT in ore characterization is reviewed, alongside with it potential implications to process mineralogy. It also describes the current limitations of its application and concludes with outlook on the future development of 3-D ore characterization.

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  • 24.
    Guntoro, Pratama Istiadi
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Tiu, Glacialle
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Geosciences and Environmental Engineering.
    Ghorbani, Yousef
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Lund, Cecilia
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Application of machine learning techniques in mineral phase segmentation for X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) data2019In: Minerals Engineering, ISSN 0892-6875, E-ISSN 1872-9444, Vol. 142, article id 105882Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) offers a non-destructive three-dimensional analysis of ores but its application in mineralogical analysis and mineral segmentation is relatively limited. In this study, the application of machine learning techniques for segmenting mineral phases in a µCT dataset is presented. Various techniques were implemented, including unsupervised classification as well as grayscale-based and feature-based supervised classification. A feature matching method was used to register the back-scattered electron (BSE) mineral map to its corresponding µCT slice, allowing automatic annotation of minerals in the µCT slice to create training data for the classifiers. Unsupervised classification produced satisfactory results in terms of segmenting between amphibole, plagioclase, and sulfide phases. However, the technique was not able to differentiate between sulfide phases in the case of chalcopyrite and pyrite. Using supervised classification, around 50–60% of the chalcopyrite and 97–99% of pyrite were correctly identified. Feature based classification was found to have a poorer sensitivity to chalcopyrite, but produced a better result in segmenting between the mineral grains, as it operates based on voxel regions instead of individual voxels. The mineralogical results from the 3D µCT data showed considerable difference compared to the BSE mineral map, indicating stereological error exhibited in the latter analysis. The main limitation of this approach lies in the dataset itself, in which there was a significant overlap in grayscale values between chalcopyrite and pyrite, therefore highly limiting the classifier accuracy.

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  • 25.
    Jannesar Niri, Anahita
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Poelzer, Gregory A.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Social Sciences.
    Zhang, Steven E.
    Independent Researcher, 39 Kiewiet Street, Helikon Park, Randfontein, 1759, South Africa.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Pettersson, Maria
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Social Sciences.
    Ghorbani, Yousef
    School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, LN6 7DL, United Kingdom.
    Sustainability challenges throughout the electric vehicle battery value chain2024In: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews, ISSN 1364-0321, E-ISSN 1879-0690, Vol. 191, article id 114176Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The global commitment to decarbonizing the transport sector has resulted in an unabated growth in the markets for electric vehicles and their batteries. Consequently, the demand for battery raw materials is continuously growing. As an illustration, to meet the net-zero emissions targets, the electric vehicle market demand for lithium, cobalt, nickel, and graphite will increase 26-times, 6-times, 12-times, and 9-times respectively between 2021 and 2050. There are diverse challenges in meeting this demand, requiring the world to embrace technological and knowledge advancements and new investments without provoking conflicts between competing goals. The uncertainties in a sustainable supply of battery minerals, environmental, social and governance complexities, and geopolitical tensions throughout the whole battery value chain have shaped the global and regional concerns over the success of transport decarbonization. Here, focusing on the entire value chain of electric vehicle batteries, the approaches adopted by regulatory agencies, governments, mining companies, vehicle and battery manufacturers, and all the other stakeholders are evaluated. Bringing together all these aspects, this literature review broadens the scope for providing multifaceted solutions necessary to optimize the goal of transport decarbonization while upholding sustainability criteria. Consolidating the previously fragmented information, a solid foundation for more in-depth research on existing difficulties encountered by governmental and industrial actors is created. The outcomes of this study may serve as a baseline to develop a framework for a climate smart and resource efficient supply of batteries considering the unique impacts of individual players.

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  • 26.
    Koch, Pierre-Henri
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Lamberg, Pertti
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    How to Build a Process Model in a Geometallurgical Program?2015In: Mineral Resources in a Sustainable World / [ed] A.S. Andre-Mayer; M. Cathelineau; P. Muchez; E. Pirard; S. Sindern, 2015, p. 1419-1422Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This work presents a literature review on ways to acquire relevant experimental data for the process model of a geometallurgical program. It identifies the needs in several unit models and proposes ideas for future developments

  • 27.
    Koch, Pierre-Henri
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Lund, Cecilia
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Automated drill core mineralogical characterization method for texture classification and modal mineralogy estimation for geometallurgy2019In: Minerals Engineering, ISSN 0892-6875, E-ISSN 1872-9444, Vol. 136, p. 99-109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In geometallurgy, a process model operating at the mineral liberation level needs quantitative textural information about the ore. The utilization of this information within process modeling and simulation will increase the quality of the predictions.

    In this study, descriptors derived from color images and machine learning algorithms are used to group drill core intervals into textural classes and estimate mineral maps by automatic pixel classification. Different descriptors and classifiers are compared, based on their accuracy and capacity to be automated. Integration of the classifier approach with mineral processing simulation is also demonstrated. The quantification of textural information for mineral processing simulation introduced new tools towards an integrated information flow from the drill cores to a geometallurgical model.

    The approach has been verified by comparing traditional geological texture classification against the one obtained from automatic methods. The tested drill cores are sampled from a porphyry copper deposit located in Northern Sweden.

  • 28.
    Koch, Pierre-Henri
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Sequential decision-making in mining and processing based on geometallurgical inputs2020In: Minerals Engineering, ISSN 0892-6875, E-ISSN 1872-9444, Vol. 149, article id 106262Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Geometallurgy as a multi-disciplinary field has been applied at various levels in different operations. By linking the ore performance in mineral beneficiation processes to the ore block model, it supports estimating the value of a block before it is mined. Efforts in the classification of the ore into geometallurgical classes have led to a better understanding of the entire value chain. While classification provides a convenient tool for forecasting and visualization purposes, it simplifies the actual complexity of an ore body. In mining and process planning, sequential decisions are made to maximize an objective function or equivalently minimize a regret function. Using available information from geology or metallurgical test work, an optimal strategy can be found using tools from the machine learning community.

    In this study, a framework based on machine learning to maximize the use of such classifications for sequential decision-making is proposed. The concepts of reinforcement learning and bandit algorithms, offer powerful tools to explore and exploit different optimization strategies. In certain cases, theoretical guarantees about the performance of given methods can be obtained by regret bounds.

    Based on existing models of a porphyry copper deposit and an iron ore deposit, this study presents a methodology and different available algorithms to maximize an objective function that depends on a high number of variables and in the presence of noise or uncertainty in the models. Different numerical experiments provide a basis for discussion and comparison to human decisions. The hypotheses relative to each algorithm are discussed in relation to the mineral processing models.

  • 29.
    Koch, Pierre-Henri
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Texture-based liberation models for comminution2017In: Konferens i Mineralteknik 2017: Luleå 7-8 februari 2017, Luleå, 2017, p. 83-96Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The relation between breakage mechanisms and liberation is critical in mineral processing. Recent studies underline the importance of texture in liberation. This study reviews relevant liberation models and proposes a new method for generating particles using image processing algorithms. One new texture simulation method and its relevance for liberation simulation is also introduced.

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  • 30.
    Kuyumcu, Halit Z.
    et al.
    Department of Mechanical Process Engineering & Solids Processing, Technical University Berlin.
    Abel, Frank
    Department of Mechanical Process Engineering & Solids Processing, Technical University Berlin.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Sustainable Process Engineering.
    Analyses of the coal densification behaviour and the coal cake stability within the stamped charge coke making operation2011In: Conference in Minerals Engineering 2011: Luleå 8-9 February 2011 / [ed] Johanna Alatalo, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2011, p. 123-137Conference paper (Other academic)
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  • 31.
    Kuyumcu, Halit Z.
    et al.
    Department for Mechanical Process Engineering & Solids Processing, Technical University Berlin.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Investigation of fluff separation from granulated waste plastics to be used in blast furnace operation2009In: Conference in minerals proceedings: Luleå / [ed] Johanna Alatalo, Luleå, 2009Conference paper (Other academic)
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  • 32.
    Kuyumcu, Halit Z.
    et al.
    Department for Mechanical Process Engineering & Solids Processing, Technical University Berlin.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Investigation om fluff separation from granulated waste plastics to be used in blst furnace operation2009In: Conference in minerals proceedings: Luleå, 3-4 februari 2009 / [ed] Johanna Alatalo, Luleå, 2009Conference paper (Other academic)
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  • 33.
    Kuyumcu, Halit Z.
    et al.
    TU Berlin.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Investigations on the densification of particulate materials by stamping2006Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 34.
    Kuyumcu, Halit Z.
    et al.
    TU Berlin.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Untersuchungen zur Verdichtung von Steinkohlen durch Stampfen2006In: Stahl und Eisen (1881), ISSN 0340-4803, Vol. 126, no 1, p. 41-47Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 35.
    Kuyumcu, Halit Z.
    et al.
    TU Berlin.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Untersuchungen zur Verdichtung von Steinkohlen durch Stampfen2005Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Kuyumcu, Halit Z.
    et al.
    Technische Universität Berlin.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Sustainable Process Engineering.
    Abel, Frank
    Technische Universität Berlin.
    Behavior of coking coals within stamp charge operation2010In: Conference proceedings: International Coal Preparation Congress 2010 : XVI ICPC 2010 ; [Lexington, KY, April 25 - 29, 2010] / [ed] Rick Q. Honaker, Littleton, Colo.: Society for Mining, Metalurgy and Exploration, 2010, p. 947-956Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 37.
    Kuyumcu, Halit Z.
    et al.
    TU Berlin.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Abel, Frank
    TU Berlin.
    Verdichten von Steinkohle durch Stampfen für den Einsatz bei der Verkokung2004In: Schüttgut, ISSN 0946-7939, Vol. 10, no 3, p. 222-225Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 38.
    Kuyumcu, Halit Z.
    et al.
    TU Berlin.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Wilck, Stefan
    TU Berlin.
    Application of the microwave technology for the processing of iron hydroxysulphates recovered from lignite acid mine water2008Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 39.
    Kuyumcu, Halit Z.
    et al.
    TU Berlin.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Wilck, Stefan
    TU Berlin.
    Processing of Iron Hydroxysulphates recovered from Lignite Mine Acid Water by means of Microwave Technology2007Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Lamberg, Pertti
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Sustainable Process Engineering.
    Parian, Mehdi
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Sustainable Process Engineering.
    Mwanga, Abdul
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Sustainable Process Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Sustainable Process Engineering.
    Mineralogical Mass Balancing of Industrial Circuits by Combining XRF and XRD Analyses2013In: Proceedings Conference in Minerals Engineering 2013 / [ed] Jan Rosenkranz; Tommy Karlkvist, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2013, p. 105-116Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Mineralogical information forms a vital basis for designing, diagnosing and optimizing mineral processing circuits. Often modal mineralogical mass balance (i.e. mass balance on mineral grades) is adequate; i.e. liberation data is not required. In analysing mineral grades in process samples automated mineralogy (SEM based image analysis) is mostly used. As this method is tedious, slow, and costly, and has some limitation, an alternative technique was developed by combining quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical assays by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). A case study on magnetic separation test is presented. Method has potential for an automatized off-line technique for providing mineralogical mass balance in majority of mineral processing plants.

  • 41.
    Lamberg, Pertti
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Systematic Diagnosis of Flotation Circuit Performance Based on Process Mineralogical Methods2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Operators of industrial flotation circuits experience every now and then situations where the processing performance of the plant is poorer than expected. Usually this leads to a continual and useless debate whether the problems are related to the ore properties or to the process. This paper presents a systematic approach to problem diagnosis using an analysis method based on process mineralogical tools. The diagnosis first requires a base-case analysis where the key process streams of the circuit have been sampled and studied by applying mineral process simulation in combination with the particle tracking technique, i.e. by balancing mixed particles of different mineral composition. This creates the base model of the flotation process against which the deviations are compared. Common performance problems are divided in three groups, which refer to recovery, grade and impurity. The mineralogical reason can in each case be a change in (i) mineral assemblage, (ii) head grade, (iii) liberation degree, or (iv) mineral associations. The diagnosis progresses by classifying the indications and by ruling out causes by means of process mineralogical methods. The procedure is presented as a diagnosis chart with suggestions for how to cure the problem. To illustrate the application of the method several practical examples are presented.

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  • 42.
    Lamberg, Pertti
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Sustainable Process Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Sustainable Process Engineering.
    Wanhainen, Christina
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Geosciences and Environmental Engineering.
    Lund, Cecilia
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Sustainable Process Engineering.
    Minz, Friederike
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Geosciences and Environmental Engineering.
    Mwanga, Abdul
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Sustainable Process Engineering.
    Parian, Mehdi
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Sustainable Process Engineering.
    Building a Geometallurgical Model in Iron Ores using a Mineralogical Approach with Liberation Data2013In: Geomet13: The Second AusIMM International Geometallurgy Conference 2013 / [ed] Simon Dominy, Parkville, Victoria: The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2013, p. 317-324Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A geometallurgical model is currently built in two different ways. The first and the most common way relies on geometallurgical testing, where a large number of samples are analysed for metallurgical response using small-scale laboratory tests, eg Davis tube testing. The second, mineralogical approach focuses on collecting mineralogical information over the orebody and building the metallurgical model based on mineralogy. At Luleå University of Technology,Sweden, the latter method has been adopted and taken further in four ongoing PhD studies. The geological model gives modal composition by the help of element-to-mineral conversion and Rietveld X-ray diffraction. Texturally, the orebody is divided into different archetypes, and liberation measurements for each of them are carried out in processing fineness using IncaMineral, a SEM-based technique. The grindability and liberation spectrum of any given geological unit (sample, ore block, domain) are extrapolated from the archetypes. The process model is taken into a liberation level by mass balancing selected metallurgical tests using the particle tracking technique. The approach is general and can be applied to any type of ores. Examples of ongoing studies on iron and massive sulfide ores are given.

  • 43.
    Lindberg, Therese
    et al.
    LKAB.
    Mattsby, Charlotte
    LKAB.
    Niiranen, Kari
    LKAB.
    Taavoniku, Krister
    LKAB.
    Lamberg, Pertti
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Sustainable Process Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Sustainable Process Engineering.
    Hallberg, Dan
    LKAB.
    Fredriksson, Andreas
    LKAB.
    Geometallurgy@LKAB2013In: Proceedings Conference in Minerals Engineering 2013 / [ed] Jan Rosenkranz; Tommy Karlkvist, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2013, p. 125-136Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The area of geometallurgy is in its context not entirely new and LKAB has for ages worked according to the idea “minerals to products”, but the development especially on the instrumental analysis side the last ten years has made a geometallurgy a feasible area today. LKAB’s idea is to work quite broad, with internal educations, an active working process in ongoing projects, together with external parties (such as Luleå University of Technology), with PhD-projects and an upgrading on the instrumental side at LKAB R&D. This paper is a summary about the concept geometallurgy at LKAB and some of the actions within the framework of Geometallurgy@LKAB.

  • 44.
    Malm, Lisa
    et al.
    Boliden Mineral, Department of Process Technology.
    Kindstedt Danielsson, Ann-Sofi
    RISE – Research Institutes of Sweden AB, Surface, Process and Pharmaceutical Development.
    Sand, Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Ymén, Ingvar
    RISE – Research Institutes of Sweden AB, Surface, Process and Pharmaceutical Development.
    Application of Dynamic Vapor Sorption for evaluation of hydrophobicity in industrial-scale froth flotation2018In: Minerals Engineering, ISSN 0892-6875, E-ISSN 1872-9444, Vol. 127, p. 305-311Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The particle surface properties are essential for understanding froth flotation, particularly for the evaluation of various chemical or reagent effects.

    Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) is used in the pharmaceutical industry for the evaluation of surface properties and has to the knowledge of the authors not been used for applications in mineral processing. This paper describes an evaluation of industrial ore samples using DVS.

    Four samples (feed, CuPb concentrate, Cu concentrate and Pb concentrate) from each of the Cu – Pb flotation processes in the Boliden and Garpenberg concentrators, Sweden, were analyzed by DVS in order to investigate if this technique could be used to estimate differences in their hydrophilicity. The DVS measures the water uptake as a function of the relative humidity (%RH) at constant temperature.

    For both series of four samples, it was found that the DVS-data are in precise agreement with the flotation theory on hydrophobicity (indicated by differences in water uptake). The feed material, without any collectors, adsorbed more water compared to the CuPb bulk concentrate, which in turn adsorbed more water than the Cu concentrate. The lead concentrate on the other hand, which had been depressed by dichromate and should be more hydrophilic, showed a higher adsorbance of water than that of the CuPb concentrate.

    The repeated measurements of three sub samples from one of the ore samples gave a mean value and an estimated standard deviation of 0.13 ± 0.01%. This shows that the method gives highly reproducible results and that the differences between the samples had high significance. This also shows that the DVS method can serve as a useful complement to traditionally used contact angle or capillary absorption-based measurement methods, especially when screening for new flotation reagents on industrial ore samples.

  • 45.
    Malm, Lisa
    et al.
    Boliden Mineral, Dept. of Process Technology, SE-936 81 Boliden, Sweden.
    Kindstedt Danielsson, Ann-Sofi
    RISE- Research Institutes of Sweden AB, Surface, Process and Pharmaceutical Development, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden.
    Sand, Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Ymén, Ingvar
    RISE- Research Institutes of Sweden AB, Surface, Process and Pharmaceutical Development, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden.
    Dynamic vapor sorption: A novel method for measuring the hydrophobicity in industrial-scale froth flotation2018Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The understanding of particle surface properties is essential for the study and evaluation of froth flotation phenomena, particularly in the investigation of various chemical or reagent effects. Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) is a method used for the analysis of surface properties of powders for instance in the pharmaceutical industry. To the knowledge of the authors, it has however not been used before in applications related to mineral processing. The DVS technique involves measurement of the water uptake of a relatively small amount of sample as a function of the relative humidity (% RH) in a temperature-controlled environment. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the method and investigate how it can complement existing techniques for surface characterization in mineral processing. Four samples (feed, CuPb concentrate, Cu concentrate and Pb concentrate) from the Cu – Pb flotation process in the Garpenberg concentrator, Sweden, were analyzed by DVS and the traditional capillary absorption technique (Washburn capillary rise). This enabled comparison between the two methods and evaluation of their respective advantages and disadvantages. Both methods give the expected ranking of the hydrophobicity for CuPb concentrate, Cu concentrate and Pb concentrate, but a discrepancy was observed for the feed. Washburn gave a value for the contact angle which was in the same range as for the CuPb concentrate, whereas DVS gave a value for the moisture uptake which was much higher than for the CuPb concentrate. Thus, DVS ranks all samples correctly, but with an unexpectedly high value for the feed whereas Washburn gives good ranking for three samples out of four. Potential reasons for the discrepancies are discussed.

  • 46.
    Malm, Lisa
    et al.
    Boliden Mineral, Department of Process Technology, Boliden, Sweden.
    Sand, Anders
    Boliden Mineral, Department of Process Technology, Boliden, Sweden.
    Bolin, Nils-Johan
    Boliden Mineral, Department of Process Technology, Boliden, Sweden.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Ymén, Ingvar
    RISE- Research Institutes of Sweden AB, Bioscience and Materials/Surface, Process and Formulation, Sweden.
    Dynamic vapor sorption measurement and identification of mineral species in industrial-scale flotation cell samples2019In: Powder Technology, ISSN 0032-5910, E-ISSN 1873-328X, Vol. 356, p. 1016-1023Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In order to understand flotation performance in industrial-scale, it is of relevance to understand the surface properties and mineral species of materials contained in the various parts of the cell. In this work XRPD X-Ray Powder Diffraction) and DVS (Dynamic Vapor Sorption) were used to characterise the different minerals and the wettability of the sample collected at different depths in an industrial scale flotation cell.

    DVS is a novel technique for wettability measurement in mineral processing, of higher robustness and reproducibility compared to the Washburn technique.

    In the turbulent zone of the cell, the wettability properties are relatively similar, and decreases in the froth and concentrate. Differences in radial position were only found near the froth phase close to the shaft of the agitator.

    The main finding was that wettability information obtained by DVS could be correlated with mineral composition and particle size distribution.

  • 47.
    Malm, Lisa
    et al.
    Boliden Mineral Ab.
    Sand, Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Bolin, Nils-Johan
    Boliden Mineral Ab.
    Spatial Variations of Pulp Properties in Flotation: Implications for Optimizing Cell Design and Performance2016In: Proceedings of International Mineral Processing Congress, Quebec, Canada, ISBN, 2016Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 48.
    Mulenshi, Jane
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Chelgani, Saeed Chehreh
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Mechanochemical Treatment of Historical Tungsten Tailings: Leaching While Grinding for Tungsten Extraction Using NaOH2021In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 13, no 6, article id 3258Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Innovative tungsten (W) extraction techniques are continually being sought because of challenges of low leaching efficiencies, despite using advanced processing units such as autoclaves operating high temperatures and pressures. Compared to conventional leaching, mechanochemical treatment improves the efficiency of leaching. Therefore, in this study, an innovative mechanochemical treatment method, referred to as leaching while grinding (LWG), was employed as a reprocessing option to optimize W recovery from historical tungsten tailings. Experiments were run using the regular two-level factorial design to screen through the four factors of stirrer speed, liquid/solid ratio, temperature, and digestion time to assess their criticality and effects in the LWG process. The stirrer speed and the liquid/solid ratio were the most critical factors in the optimization of W recovery. The maximum W recovery (91.2%) was attained at the highest stirrer speed (410 rpm), low liquid/solid ratio (0.8), long digestion time (6 h), and low leaching temperature (60 °C). The attained low leaching temperature (60 °C) was due to the mechanical activation of scheelite resulting from the simultaneous grinding and leaching. For such low- grade W material, liquid/solid ratio optimizing is critical for maintaining the digestion mixture fluidity, and for environmental and economic sustainability regarding the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) consumption, which was low.

  • 49.
    Mulenshi, Jane
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Gilbricht, Sabine
    Institut für Mineralogie der TU, Freiberg, Brennhausgasse, 14, Germany.
    Chelgani, Saeed Chehreh
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Systematic characterization of historical tailings for possible remediation and recovery of critical metals and minerals – The Yxsjöberg case2021In: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, ISSN 0375-6742, E-ISSN 1879-1689, Vol. 226, article id 106777Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    As the need to address environmental concerns in mining and the demand for critical metals and minerals increase, historical tailings are among the mining waste repositories being sought after. However, there is only limited information available about such repositories, and hence there is a need to fill these knowledge gaps. In this paper, a conceptual framework is proposed for how relevant information about historical tailings can be generated and structured in a systematic manner. The case of the closed Yxsjöberg mine in Sweden is used to demonstrate how this framework is being used. A site-specific sampling strategy and technique was identified, and based on the observed lithology, tailings particles were studied to understand their distribution across the repository. Using Mineral Liberation Analysis (MLA), the modal mineralogy, mineral associations, and mineral liberation by particle size of the tailings were determined. The Smaltjärnen tailings repository of Yxsjöberg has potential for critical metals and minerals, including tungsten (W) and fluorite (CaF2) but also contains minerals of environmental concern as pyrrhotite and pyrite. It has on average 0.15% WO3 concentration in the sampled locations, indicating approximately 3300 tons of WO3 in the repository. Scheelite mineral grains are mostly (>50 wt%) locked in tailings particles that have a number of mineral grains (binary, ternary or even more complex) in the dominating particle size fraction −600 to +149 μm. Mineral locking is mostly with calcium-bearing minerals ilvaite, fluorite and garnet-gross-andradite. Pyrrhotite has been the most reactive acid-generating mineral, and hence is more depleted than pyrite in the weathered locations. The heterogeneity of tailings across the repository suggests a possible existence of geometallurgical domains that require further assessment to evaluate their metallurgical performance. The obtained information and knowledge about these tailings will hereinafter be used to develop sustainable processes for remediation and recovery of the critical metals and minerals.

  • 50.
    Mulenshi, Jane
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Khavari, Pourya
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Chelgani, Saeed Chehreh
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
    Characterization and beneficiation options for tungsten recovery from Yxsjöberg historical ore tailings2019In: Processes, ISSN 2227-9717, Vol. 7, no 12, article id 895Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Repositories of historical tungsten mining tailings pose environmental risks, but are also potential resources for valuable metals. They still contain large tonnages of useful minerals and metals, reflecting the inefficient extraction methods and/or low metal prices at the time they were mined. The focus of this study is to evaluate the technical viability of reprocessing the tailings to recover some of the contained valuable minerals and metals, as well as reducing the negative environmental impact associated with the tailings. Geometallurgical studies were conducted on drill core samples taken from the Smaltjärnen tailings repository of the closed Yxsjöberg tungsten mine, Sweden. The collected samples were characterized physically, chemically, and mineralogically. Knelson concentrator dry low- and high-intensity magnetic separation methods were tested as potential beneficiation methods. The tailings are dominated by the −600 to +149 µm particles. The highest concentration of tungsten (W) was 0.22% WO3. Using a Knelson concentrator, scheelite (main W mineral) recovery was enhanced, with 75 wt.% tungsten recovered in the 34 wt.% heavy concentrate. Only 1.0 wt.% sulphur (S) reported to the non-magnetic fraction. Based on the findings, a methodology and a preliminary process flowsheet for reprocessing the tailings is proposed.

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