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  • 1.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Modelling flow with free and rough surfaces in the vicinity of hydropower plants2013Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Flow with free and rough surfaces near hydropower stations is of interest for both engineering and environmental applications. Here, Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations of free surface flow and flow over rough surfaces in regulated rivers were performed in applications such fish migration, spillway design and flow over rough surfaces as in hydropower tunnels or natural channels. For all the investigated applications it is typical with very large geometrical scales, high flow rates and highly turbulent flow. Modelling boundaries such as free water surfaces and rough walls presents a challenge and was given special attention as well as the treatment of turbulence. Validation of the numerical simulations was performed in all cases with methods such as acoustic measurements with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) and optical measurements with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV).Numerical simulations have been used to evaluate the flow downstream the Stornorrfors hydropower plant in Umeälven with regards to upstream migrating fish. Field measurements with an ADCP were performed and the measurements were used to validate the simulations. By adding a fish ladder in the simulations it was possible to investigate the attraction water created from the fishway at different positions and angles. An additional possibility to create better attraction water and improve the conditions for upstream migrating fish was simulated by guiding the spill water from the hydropower dam through a smaller passage from the old river bed.Fish population data from the same location was compared with flow fields from numerical simulations. The population data was compared with variables such as velocity, vorticity and turbulence intensity. A correlation between fish detections and turbulence intensity was shown.Simulations on the spilling from a dam were performed and compared to experimental results from a physical scale model. ADV was used to measure the velocity and validate the simulations. Two different spillway configurations were considered and simulations with both the Rigid Lid model and the Volume of Fluids method were carried out. Water levels, velocities and the shape of the water surface were compared between simulations and experiments. The simulations capture both qualitative features such as a vortex near the outlet and show good quantitative agreement with the experiments.A wall with large surface roughness was created by laser scanning a tunnel. One of the side walls was down-scaled and used to create a rough wall in a channel with rectangular cross-section for both a numerical model and an experimental model. Numerical simulations were performed and validated by PIV-measurements in the experimental model.The resolution of the geometry for the rough surface was lowered in two steps and numerical simulations were performed for flow over all three surfaces. The difference in flow fields in the bulk and near wall region was investigated as well as the difference in turbulent quantities which can provide good input for a new model for surface roughness in applications with very large surface roughness and high velocities such as flow in hydropower tunnels or natural channels and rivers.

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  • 2.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Simulations and measurements of free surface flow in regulated rivers2010Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Open channel flow near hydropower stations is of interest for both engineering and environmental applications. In this research project Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations of free surface flow in regulated rivers were applied with both fish migration and validation of numerical simulations in focus. In the first paper, numerical simulations has been used to evaluate the flow downstream a hydropower plant with regards to upstream migrating fish. Field measurements with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler were performed and the measurements were used to validate the simulations. In the second paper ,simulations on the spilling from a dam were performed and compared to experimental results from a physical scale model. The third paper deals with more in depth analysis of field measurements where the variations in the flow downstream a hydropower plant was examined.

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  • 3.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andreasson, Patrik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hellström, J. Gunnar I.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, T. Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Modelling and validation of flow over a wall with large surface roughness2012Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 4.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andreasson, Patrik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, T. Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    CFD-modelling and validation of free surface flow during spilling of reservoir in down-scale model2013In: Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 1994-2060, E-ISSN 1997-003X, Vol. 7, no 1, p. 159-167Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fully three dimensional modelling of the spilling from a reservoir with relatively complex geometry were performed and compared to experimental results from a physical scale model with the aim to advance the science of numerical modelling of free surface flow of real reservoirs. In the set-up in focus the water was spilled from the reservoir through three gates that could be manoeuvred separately. In the first case two of the gates were closed and the third gate was partly opened. In this experimental set-up the water surface in the reservoir was close to horizontal. Therefore it was here meaningful to compare a rigid lid modelling approximation to the more computational heavy method of Volume of Fluids. In the second case, all three gates were open, resulting in a nonhorizontal varied flow surface profile in the reservoir upstream critical sections at the spillway crests. This case was simulated with Volume of Fluids and the position of the air-water interface was derived for two turbulence models, the standard k-ε and SSG. Water levels, velocities and the shape of the water surface were compared to experiments. The simulation results capture qualitative features such as a vortex near the outlet and show good quantitative agreement with the experiments regardless of method used to simulate the free surface. In general, simulations with the standard k-ε and the more advanced SSG turbulence models give the same results with respect to the averaged quantities measured.

  • 5.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andreasson, Patrik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, T. Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Modellering av avbördning med fri vattenyta och validering i en skalmodell2011Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 6.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hellström, J. Gunnar I.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andreasson, Patrik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, T. Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Effect of spatial resolution of rough surfaces on numerically computed flow fields with application to hydraulic engineering2014In: Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 1994-2060, E-ISSN 1997-003X, Vol. 8, no 3, p. 373-381Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In numerical simulations of flow over rough surfaces, the roughness is often not resolved but represented by a numerical model. The validity of such an assumption is investigated in this paper by Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of flow over a surface with a large roughness. The surface was created from a high-resolution laser scanning of a real rock blasted tunnel. By reducing the geometrical resolution of the roughness in two steps, the importance of an appropriate surface description could be examined. The flow fields obtained were compared to a set-up with a geometrical flat surface where the roughness was represented by a modified form of the Launder and Spalding wall-function. The flow field over the surface with the lowest resolution was substantially different from those of the two finer resolutions and rather close to the results from the set-up with the wall-function. The results also yield that the finer the resolution is the more vorticity is formed close to the rough surface and more turbulence is generated.

  • 7. Andersson, Anders G.
    et al.
    Lindberg, Dan-Erik
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies.
    Lindmark, Elianne
    Leonardsson, Kjell
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies.
    Andreasson, Patrik
    Lundqvist, Hans
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies.
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    A numerical study of the location and function of the entrance of a fishway in a regulated river2010In: 8th International Symposium on ECOHYDRAULICS: Bridging between Ecology and Hydraulics and Leading the Society's New Need - Living with Nature, 2010, p. 277-284Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Simulation driven design with Computational Fluid Dynamics has been used to evaluate the flow downstream a hydropower plant with regards to upstream migrating fish. Field measurements with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler were performed and the measurements were used to validate the simulations. The measurements indicate a more unstable flow than the simulations and the tailrace jet from the turbines is stronger in the simulations. The simulations are however considered to capture the important features of the flow in a way that makes them viable for attraction water simulations. A fishway entrance was included in the simulations and the subsequent attraction water was evaluated for two positions and two angles of the entrance at different turbine discharges. Results show that both positions are viable and that a position where the flow from the fishway does not have to compete with the flow from the power plant will generate superior attraction water. Simulations were also performed further downstream where the flow from the turbines meets the old river bed which is the current fish passage for upstream migrating fish. A modification of the old river bed was made in the model as one scenario to generate better attraction water. This considerably increases the attraction water although it cannot compete with the flow from the tailrace tunnel.

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  • 8.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lindberg, Dan-Erik
    SLU.
    Lindmark, Elianne
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics.
    Leonardsson, Kjell
    SLU.
    Andreasson, Patrik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundqvist, Hans
    SLU.
    Lundström, T. Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    A study of the location of the entrance of a fishway in a regulated river with CFD and ADCP2012In: Modelling and Simulation in Engineering, ISSN 1687-5591, E-ISSN 1687-5605, Vol. 2012, article id 327929Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Simulation-driven design with computational fluid dynamics has been used to evaluate the flow downstream of a hydropower plant with regards to upstream migrating fish. Field measurements with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler were performed, and the measurements were used to validate the simulations. The measurements indicate a more unstable flow than the simulations, and the tailrace jet from the turbines is stronger in the simulations. A fishway entrance was included in the simulations, and the subsequent attraction water was evaluated for two positions and two angles of the entrance at different turbine discharges. Results show that both positions are viable and that a position where the flow from the fishway does not have to compete with the flow from the power plant will generate superior attraction water. Simulations were also performed for further downstream where the flow from the turbines meets the old river bed which is the current fish passage for upstream migrating fish. A modification of the old river bed was made in the model as one scenario to generate better attraction water. This considerably increases the attraction water although it cannot compete with the flow from the tailrace tunnel.

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  • 9. Andersson, Anders G.
    et al.
    Lindmark, Elianne
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    CFD-modell av turbinutloppet i Stornorrfors2009In: Svenska mekanikdagarna: Södertälje 2009, Stockholm: Svenska nationalkommittén för mekanik , 2009, p. 106-Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 10.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, Kristoffer
    Andreasson, Patrik
    Lundström, Staffan
    Simulation of free surface flow in a spillway with the rigid lid and volume of fluid methods and validation in a scale model2010In: Proceedings, Fifth European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics / [ed] Jose C. F. Pereira; Adelia Sequeira; Jose M. C. Pereira, 2010Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Simulations on the spilling from a dam were performed and compared to experimental results from a physical scale model. Both mechanical and acoustic methods to measure the velocity were used. The model has three gates leading into the spillway that can be maneuvered separately. At first two of the gates were closed and the inlet flow was high enough to get a fully wetted outlet at the third gate. This case was simulated with a rigid lid approximation since the water surface was considered to be plane. The water surface level was taken from the scale model. In the second case, all three gates were open resulting in a free water surface through all the gates to the spillway. This case was simulated with the Volume of Fluids method were both water and air phase were considered. Water levels, velocities and the shape of the water surface were compared between simulations and experiments. The simulations capture both qualitative features such as a vortex near the outlet and show good quantitative agreement with the experiments.

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  • 11.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lycksam, Henrik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hydraulic Modelling of a Regulated River Reach on Different Scales to Evaluate its Inherent Environmental Conditions2022In: Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress: From Snow To Sea / [ed] Miguel Ortega-Sánchez, International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR) , 2022, p. 4189-4195Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hydraulic modelling can be an important tool to assess ecological status of rivers and to evaluate where and how measures should be implemented to maximize their impact. This is becoming increasingly important in regulated rivers since hydropower’s ability to balance intermittent electricity sources such as wind- and solar power is resulting in more frequent starts and stops of the power plants, which in turn is affecting the local environmental conditions. The resulting flow fields from the modelling can, for instance, be used to classify biologically important areas in rivers. Several relevant flow parameters can be predicted and applied, e.g., depth and water velocities can be used to estimate habitat for specific fish species or the variation in water levels can be used to evaluate the risk of stranding for fish in different life stages. This work specifically involves numerical modelling of a heavily regulated reach in the Lule River in northern Sweden. Models are created in 1D, 2D and 3D to show strengths and weaknesses in the different modelling techniques. To ensure that the models capture reality, measurements of water levels and temperatures in the reach are performed using pressure/temperature loggers for validation purposes. River velocities are also measured with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler which are mainly used to validate the 3D model. The results derived using the different modelling methods are all shown to be useful depending on relevant application.

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  • 12.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Westerberg, Lars-Göran
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Papathanasiou, T.D.
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Thessaly, 38 334 Volos, Greece.
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Flow through a two-scale porosity material2009In: Research Letters in Materials Science, ISSN 1687-6822, E-ISSN 1687-6830, article id 701512Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Flow through a two-scale porous medium is here investigated by a unique comparison between simulations performed with computational fluid dynamics and the boundary element method with microparticle image velocimetry in model geometries.

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  • 13. Andersson, Anders G.
    et al.
    Westerberg, Lars-Göran
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Papathanasiou, Thanasis
    Lundström, Staffan
    Fluid flow through porous media with dual scale porosity2008In: Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena (ISTP-19): Reykjavik, Iceland, August 17-21, 2008 / [ed] Sigurdur Brynjolfsson; Olafur Petur Palsson; Jong H. Kim, University of Iceland, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science , 2008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Flow in two scale porous media takes place in applications such as advanced composites manufacturing. Knowledge of this flow is of general importance and is crucial for filtration mechanisms when functional filler-particles are added to the liquid resin impregnating the fibrous preform. Means to model and experimentally visualise this flow is here investigated. In particular simulations performed with computational fluid dynamics and the boundary element method are compared to micro particle image velocimetry in a model geometry.

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  • 14.
    Andersson, Anders
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Leonardsson, Kjell
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies.
    Lindberg, Dan-Erik
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies.
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hellström, Gunnar
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundqvist, Hans
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies.
    Describing fish passage in a river confluence with telemetry and CFD2016In: / [ed] Webb, JA, Costelloe, JF, CasasMulet, R, Lyon, JP, Stewardson, MJ, Melbourne: University of Melbourne , 2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The confluence between hydropower tailrace and the old river bed in Stornorrfors in the river Umeälven in the northern part of Sweden has shown to be the largest obstacle for upstream migrating salmon and sea trout during the migrating season. Fish are attracted to the high flow rate from the tailrace and will not migrate upstream in the old river bed being the passage to the fishway leading past the hydropower dam. By triangulating the movements of radio tagged fish using eight antennas in the confluence, it is here possible to describe the individual fish tracks left by radio tagged fish during the migrating season. These tracks are then compared with three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the confluence. By simulating the most common combinations of turbine flow and spill flow in the old river bed it is then possible to find correlations between individual fish movements and flow parameters such as velocity, turbulence intensity or vorticity for different flow combinations. It was previously assumed that fish had trouble locating the old river bed, the results of the triangulation however shows that most fish finds the old river bed within a few days but does not chose to migrate until several days (or weeks) later. The main issue to be solved is therefore not how to attract the fish to the old river bed but rather how to create favorable conditions in the old river bed so that migrating fish are more inclined to take that path upstream.

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  • 15.
    Andersson, L. Robin
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Larsson, Sofia
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hellström, J. Gunnar I.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andreasson, Patrik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics. Vattenfall Research and Development, Älvkarleby.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Characterization of Flow Structures Induced by Highly Rough Surface Using Particle Image Velocimetry, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and Velocity Correlations2018In: Engineering, ISSN 1947-3931, Vol. 10, p. 399-416Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    High Reynolds number flow inside a channel of rectangular cross section is examined using Particle Image Velocimetry. One wall of the channel has been replaced with a surface of a roughness representative to that of real hydropower tunnels, i.e. a random terrain with roughness dimensions typically in the range of ≈10% - 20% of the channels hydraulic radius. The rest of the channel walls can be considered smooth. The rough surface was captured from an existing blasted rock tunnel using high resolution laser scanning and scaled to 1:10. For quantification of the size of the largest flow structures, integral length scales are derived from the auto-correlation functions of the temporally averaged velocity. Additionally, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and higher-order statistics are applied to the instantaneous snapshots of the velocity fluctuations. The results show a high spatial heterogeneity of the velocity and other flow characteristics in vicinity of the rough surface, putting outer similarity treatment into jeopardy. Roughness effects are not confined to the vicinity of the rough surface but can be seen in the outer flow throughout the channel, indicating a different behavior than postulated by Townsend’s similarity hypothesis. The effects on the flow structures vary depending on the shape and size of the roughness elements leading to a high spatial dependence of the flow above the rough surface. Hence, any spatial averaging, e.g. assuming a characteristic sand grain roughness factor, for determining local flow parameters becomes less applicable in this case.

  • 16.
    Andersson, Robin
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andreasson, Patrik
    Vattenfall Research & Development.
    Hellström, J. Gunnar I.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, T. Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Grade of geometric resolution of a rough surface required for accurate prediction of pressure and velocities in water tunnels2014Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 17.
    Andersson, Robin
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Larsson, Sofia
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hellström, Gunnar
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andreasson, Patrik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Experimental Study of Head Loss over Laser Scanned Rock Tunnel2016In: Experimental Study of Head Loss over Laser Scanned Rock Tunnel: Hydraulic Structures and Water System Management, ISHS 2016, Portland, United States, 27 - 30 June 2016, Portland: Utah State University , 2016, p. 22-29Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Flow in hydropower tunnels is characterized by a high Reynolds number and often very rough rock walls. Due to the roughness of the walls, the flow in the tunnel is highly disturbed, resulting in large fluctuations of velocity and pressure in both time and space. Erosion problems and even partial collapse of tunnel walls are in some cases believed to be caused by hydraulic jacking from large flow induced pressure fluctuations. The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of the rough walls on the pressure variations in time and space over the rock surfaces. Pressure measurement experiments were performed in a 10 m long Plexiglas tunnel where one of the smooth walls was replaced with a rough surface. The rough surface was created from a down-scaled (1:10) laser scanned wall of a hydraulic tunnel. The differential pressure was measured at the smooth surface between points placed at the start and end of the first four 2 m sections of the channel. 10 gauge pressure sensors where flush mounted on the rough surface; these sensors measure the magnitude and the fluctuations of the pressure on the rough surface. The measurements showed significant spatial variation of the pressure on the surface. For example, sensors placed on protruding roughness elements showed low gauge pressure but high fluctuations. The differential pressure indicated a head loss through the tunnel that was almost four times higher than a theoretical smooth channel.

  • 18.
    Bin Asad, S M Sayeed
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Study the Flow behind a Semi-Circular Step Cylinder (Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD))2017In: Energies, E-ISSN 1996-1073, Vol. 10, no 3, article id 332Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) measurements, flow visualizations and unsteadyReynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations havebeen carried out to study the turbulent wake that is formed behind a semi-circular step cylinder ata constant flow rate. The semi-circular cylinder has two diameters, a so-called step cylinder. Theresults from the LDV measurements indicate that wake length and vortex shedding frequency varieswith the cylinder diameter. This implies that a step cylinder can be used to attract fish of differentsize. By visualizations of the formation of a recirculation region and the well-known von Kármánvortex street behind the cylinder are disclosed. The simulation results predict the wake length andshedding frequency well for the flow behind the large cylinder but fail to capture the dynamics ofthe flow near the step in diameter to some extent and the flow behind the small cylinder to a largerextent when compared with measurements.

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  • 19.
    Bin Asad, S M Sayeed
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Experimental study of the flow past submerged half-cylinders2017In: AIP Conference Proceedings, ISSN 0094-243X, E-ISSN 1551-7616, Vol. 1851, article id 020001Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This investigation studies the details of the flow behind and over two identical semicircular cylinderspositioned in tandem. Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) measurements are carried out in a laboratory waterflume using two different gap ratios (Sp/d = 1 and Sp/d = 0.5; where Sp indicates distance between the cylindersand d indicates cylinder diameter) under two different flow situations. These LDV measurement are used toderive velocities, formation length and Power spectral density for the various flow conditions. Flowvisualizations are also added in this investigation. The results indicate that the flow is significantly affected dueto gap ratios.

  • 20.
    Bin Asad, S M Sayeed
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hellström, J. Gunnar I.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Leonardsson, Kjell
    Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
    Wall shear stress measurement on curve objects with PIV in connection to benthic fauna in regulated rivers2019In: Water, E-ISSN 2073-4441, Vol. 11, no 4, article id 650Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The flow characteristics in the vicinity of a set of half-cylinders of different sizes simulating benthic objects were studied experimentally using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The cylinders were mounted on the bottom of an open channel, and the influence of the flow speed on the distribution of the shear stress along the bottom geometry was investigated. Of special interest was how the shear stress changes close to the wall as a function of the flow speed and cylinder arrangement. It was found that the shear stress varies significantly as a function of position. This implies habitat heterogeneity allowing benthic invertebrates with different shear stress tolerance exists when the bottom consists of differently sized stones. It was also shown that direct measurements of near wall velocity gradients are necessary to accurately calculate the wall shear stress for more complex geometries.

  • 21.
    Bin Asad, S M Sayeed
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hellström, Gunnar
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    A Review of Particle Image Velocimetry for Fish Migration2016In: World Journal of Mechanics, ISSN 2160-049X, E-ISSN 2160-0503, Vol. 6, no 4, p. 131-149Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Understanding the flow characteristic in fishways is crucial for efficient fish migration. Flow characteristic measurements can generally provide quantitative information of velocity distributions in such passages; Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has become one of the most versatile techniques to disclose flow fields in general and in fishways, in particular. This paper firstly gives an overview of fish migration along with fish ladders and then the application of PIV measurements on the fish migration process. The overview shows that the quantitative and detailed turbulent flow information in fish ladders obtained by PIV is critical for analyzing turbulent properties andvalidating numerical results.

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  • 22.
    Bin Asad, S M Sayeed
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hellström, Gunnar
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Velocity distribution measurements in a fishway like open channel by Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA)2016In: / [ed] Dancova, P; Vesely, M, 2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Experiments in an open channel flume with placing a vertical half cylinder barrier have been performed in order to investigate how the upstream velocity profiles are affected by a barrier. An experimental technique using Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) was adopted to measure these velocity distributions in the channel for four different discharge rates. Velocity profiles were measured very close to wall and at 25, 50 and 100 mm upstream of the cylinder wall. For comparing these profiles with well-known logarithmic velocity profiles, velocity profiles were also measured in smooth open channel flow for all same four discharge rates. The results indicate that regaining the logarithmic velocity profiles upstream of the half cylindrical barrier occurs at 100 mm upstream of the cylinder wall.

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  • 23.
    Burman, Anton
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hellström, J. Gunnar I.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Inherent damping in a partially dry river2019In: E-proceedings of the 38th IAHR World Congress, International Association for Hydro-Enviroment Engineering and Research (IAHR) , 2019, p. 5091-5100Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    As intermittent power sources such as solar power and wind power gains traction in Scandinavia it is likely that the electricity production will become increasingly dependent on hydro power as a buffer in times of power deficit from intermittent power sources due to weather conditions. Rapid changes in hydro power demand can rapidly change the flow conditions in proximity to the power plant. This paper aims to model the transient behavior and quantify the inherent damping in a dry reach in proximity to the largest hydro power plant in Sweden, with respect to production. A two-dimensional model solving the Navier-Stokes equations with shallow water approximations was set up using the open-source solver Delft3D. The Manning numbers in the reach was calibrated with measured steady state water surface elevation data. The simulation data was then validated with transient water level measurements. The results show that it's possible to calibrate the Manning numbers using steady state water level measurements. The model also shows that it's possible to capture the inherent damping and more transient behavior using Delft3D. The results can be used to better model rivers without the need for resolving the upstream reach. The results can also be used for ecohydraulical applications where the transient behavior is important.

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  • 24.
    Burman, Anton
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hellström, J. Gunnar I.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Xie, Qiancheng
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Ecohydraulical Applications and Limitations of Calibrated Numerical 2D Models2022In: Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress: From Snow To Sea / [ed] Miguel Ortega-Sánchez, International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR) , 2022, p. 1557-1564Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 25.
    Burman, Anton J.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hellström, J. Gunnar I.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hydraulic classification of hydropeaking stages in a river reach2023In: Rivers Research and Applications: an international journal devoted to river research and management, ISSN 1535-1459, E-ISSN 1535-1467, Vol. 39, no 4, p. 692-702Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hydropower is an important tool in the struggle for low-emission power production. In the Nordic countries, hydropower operating conditions are expected to change and work more in conjunction with intermittent power production. This in turn might increase the amount of hydropeaking events in the reaches downstream of hydropower plants. The current work investigates the influence of highly flexible, high-frequency hydropeaking on the hydrodynamics in the downstream reach. By quantifying four different dynamic stages in the study reach, the influence of the hydropeaking frequencies was investigated in the bypass reach of the Stornorrfors hydropower plant in the river Umeälven in northern Sweden. The hydrodynamics in the study reach were numerically modelled using the open source solver Delft3D. Eight different highly flexible future hydropeaking scenarios, varying from 12 to 60 flow changes per day, were considered. A method for identifying four hydropeaking stages—dewatering, dynamic, alternating and uniform —was introduced. The hydropeaking frequency directly decided the stage in most of the study reach. Furthermore, a Fourier analysis showed a significant difference between the stages and their corresponding power spectra. The classification of stages put forward in this work provides a novel, simple method to investigate the hydrodynamics due to hydropeaking in a river reach.

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  • 26.
    Burman, Anton J.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hellström, J. Gunnar I.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Investigating damping properties in a bypass river2020In: River Flow 2020: Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (Delft, Netherlands, 7-10 July 2020) / [ed] Wim Uijttewaal; Mário J. Franca; Daniel Valero; Victor Chavarrias; Clàudia Ylla Arbós; Ralph Schielen; Alessandra Crosato, London: Taylor & Francis Group, 2020, p. 2361-2366Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The operating conditions of hydropower plants in Sweden are expected to change in the coming decades with potentially many hydropeaking events every day. It is therefor important to understand how inherent damping properties in rivers can be used to mitigate potential negative influences on fluvial ecosystems. The effect of the upstream dam closing time and the Manning number distribution in the reach on the transient behavior of the downstream water level and wetted area is investigated. In the study reach the shallow-water equations are solved using the open-source solver Delft3D. The simulations show that the transient change in water level is mainly dependent on the upstream dam closing time. The dynamics of the wetted area is considerably affected by the closing time of the dam. The Manning number has a negligible effect on the transient behavior for the wetted area and the waterlevel. The results in this study can be used for future ecohydraulical applications such as identifying potential stranding zones.

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  • 27.
    Burman, Anton J.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hellström, J. Gunnar I.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Angele, Kristian
    Vattenfall Research and Development, Älvkarlebylaboratoriet, 814 70 Älvkarleby, Sweden.
    Case Study of Transient Dynamics in a Bypass Reach2020In: Water, E-ISSN 2073-4441, Vol. 12, no 6, article id 1585Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The operating conditions of Nordic hydropower plants are expected to change in the coming years to work more in conjunction with intermittent power production, causing more frequent hydropeaking events. Hydropeaking has been shown to be detrimental to wildlife in the river reaches downstream of hydropower plants. In this work, we investigate how different possible future hydropeaking scenarios affect the water surface elevation dynamics in a bypass reach in the Ume River in northern Sweden. The river dynamics has been modeled using the open-source solver Delft3D. The numerical model was validated and calibrated with water-surface-elevation measurements. A hysteresis effect on the water surface elevation, varying with the downstream distance from the spillways, was seen in both the simulated and the measured data. Increasing the hydropeaking rate is shown to dampen the variation in water surface elevation and wetted area in the most downstream parts of the reach, which could have positive effects on habitat and bed stability compared to slower rates in that region.

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  • 28.
    Burman, Anton J.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hedger, Richard D.
    Norwegian Institute for Nature Research – NINA, NO-7034 Trondheim, Norway.
    Hellström, J. Gunnar I.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Sundt-Hansen, Line E.
    Norwegian Institute for Nature Research – NINA, NO-7034 Trondheim, Norway.
    Modelling the downstream longitudinal effects of frequent hydropeaking on the spawning potential and stranding susceptibility of salmonids2021In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 796, article id 148999Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hydropower plant operating conditions are expected to change to be more in tandem with intermittent power production so as to meet the requirements of the Paris Agreement, which in turn may negatively impact ecological conditions downstream of the hydropower plants. The current study investigates how highly flexible hydropower operating conditions may impact several salmonid species (European grayling, Atlantic salmon and brown trout) in the River Umeälven, a major river in northern Sweden; specifically, how changes in hydropeaking frequency may affect the area of the downstream watercourse that is hydraulically suitable for spawning (potential spawning area) and how changes in spill gate closing time may affect the propensity to stranding. River hydrodynamics were modeled using the open-source solver Delft3D, with a range of hydropeaking frequencies (from 10 to 60 starts and stops per day) and a range of spill gate closing times from (1–30 min). Increasing the hydropeaking frequency caused a reduction in potential spawning area, but also a reduction in dewatering of potential spawning area at low flows. Increasing spill gate closing time caused a decrease in propensity to stranding. Effects were dependent on both species and life-stage, and declined longitudinally with distance downstream from the spillway outlet. The modelling approach used here provides an effective method for predicting likely outcomes of flexible hydropower operating conditions, taking into account fish species and life-stages present and watercourse characteristics.

  • 29.
    Hedberg, P. A. Mikael
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hellström, J. Gunnar I.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andreasson, Patrik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics. Vattenfall Research and Development, Älvkarleby, Sweden.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Angele, K.
    Vattenfall Research and Development, Älvkarleby, Sweden .
    Andersson, L. Robin
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Numerical modelling of flow in parallel spillways2020In: Proceedings of the 8th IAHR International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures ISHS2020, The University of Queensland , 2020Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mathematical modelling of single spillways is well documented in literature. For parallel spillways however, there is a lack of documented, verified, and validated cases. Here, in this article, ANSYS-CFX is used to simulate the flow over three parallel ogee-crested spillways. For mesh size verification, a grid convergence study is performed by Richardson extrapolation. The turbulence model chosen for this simulation is the k-ε model and the volume of fluid method is used to simulate the water-air interface. This article details the models ability to accurately predict flow distribution at the spillways, and the water levels. The mesh is kept relatively coarse at the channel inlet with increased mesh density at the spillways. The results are validated against experimental data from Vattenfall AB, R&Ds laboratories. The geometry and boundary conditions of the experiment are tailored for CFD. The flow rate of each spillway is measured separately with high accuracy, and for several different inlet volumetric flows. The simulation results lie within the error estimates of the measuring tools used in the experiments, within ±1%. The volume flow rate differences between the three outlets is very small, within ±1%.

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  • 30.
    Hellström, Gunnar
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Leonardsson, Kjell
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies.
    Lycksam, Henrik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundqvist, Hans
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies.
    Simulation and experiments of entrance flow conditions to a fishway2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    When migrating fish tries to pass around man made obstacles such as hydropower dams with the aid of fish passages it is important that the migrating path is constructed in an efficient manner. By designing the entrance of the fishway in a manner that gives attractive flow conditions for migrating fish, the overall passage efficiency can be increased. In this study two alternative design solutions have been studied with numerical simulations, lab-scale experiments and in-field testing to achieve such attractive flow. Designs studied are constructions yielding a submerged jet, in order to increase the velocity of the flow at the entrance, and a half-cylinder, in order to create vortices that the fishes can utilize when continuing their journey towards their spawning grounds. A combination of the previous mentioned setups was also investigated. A first result shows that the increase in velocity decreases the residence time downstream the fishway and increases the total passage efficiency while the result from the vorticity generation is inconclusive at this point. The combination of the two designs shows similar passage efficiency as with only velocity increase although it does not show the same decrease in residence time. Improvements on the design of the vorticity generator and shape optimization of the construction generating the jet could further improve the efficiency of the fishway

  • 31.
    Höller, Bastian
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Integrating Ecological and Economic Impacts of Hydropower to Digital Twins of River Reaches2022In: Svenska Mekanikdagar 2022 / [ed] Pär Jonsén; Lars-Göran Westerberg; Simon Larsson; Erik Olsson, Luleå tekniska universitet, 2022Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 32.
    Höller, J. Bastian
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hellström, J. Gunnar I.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Integrating Downstream Ecological, Social and Economic Effects of Hydropower to Hydraulic Modeling: A Review2023In: World Journal of Mechanics, ISSN 2160-049X, E-ISSN 2160-0503, Vol. 13, no 8, p. 149-172Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hydropower gains increasing importance as a steerable and controllable power source in a renewable energy mix and deregulated markets. Although hydropower produces fossil-free energy, it has a significant impact on the local environment. This review investigates the effects of flow alterations by hydropower on the downstream river system and the possibilities to integrate these effects into hydraulic modeling. The results show that various effects of flow regulation on the ecosystem, but also social and economic effects on related communities were observed in the last decades. The application of hydraulic models for investigations of ecological effects is common. Especially hydraulic effects and effects on fish were extensively modeled with the help of hydraulic 1D- and 2D-simulations. Current applications to investigate social and economic effects integrated into hydraulic modeling are meanwhile limited. Approaches to realizing this integration are presented. Further research on the economic valuation of ecosystems and integration of social and economic effects to hydraulic models is necessary to develop holistic tools to support decision-making on sustainable hydropower.

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  • 33.
    Knoepp, F.
    et al.
    Excellence-Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
    Wahl, Joel
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Borg, J.
    CMS, Imperial College, London, UK.
    Weissmann, N.
    Excellence-Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
    Ramser, Kerstin
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Development of a Gas-Tight Microfluidic System for Raman Sensing of Single Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells Under Normoxic/Hypoxic Conditions2018In: Sensors, E-ISSN 1424-8220, Vol. 10, article id 3238Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Acute hypoxia changes the redox-state of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). This might influence the activity of redox-sensitive voltage-gated K⁺-channels (Kv-channels) whose inhibition initiates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). However, the molecular mechanism of how hypoxia-or the subsequent change in the cellular redox-state-inhibits Kv-channels remains elusive. For this purpose, a new multifunctional gas-tight microfluidic system was developed enabling simultaneous single-cell Raman spectroscopic studies (to sense the redox-state under normoxic/hypoxic conditions) and patch-clamp experiments (to study the Kv-channel activity). The performance of the system was tested by optically recording the O₂-content and taking Raman spectra on murine PASMCs under normoxic/hypoxic conditions or in the presence of H₂O₂. Oxygen sensing showed that hypoxic levels in the gas-tight microfluidic system were achieved faster, more stable and significantly lower compared to a conventional open system (1.6 ± 0.2%, respectively 6.7 ± 0.7%, n = 6, p < 0.001). Raman spectra revealed that the redistribution of biomarkers (cytochromes, FeS, myoglobin and NADH) under hypoxic/normoxic conditions were improved in the gas-tight microfluidic system (p-values from 0.00% to 16.30%) compared to the open system (p-value from 0.01% to 98.42%). In conclusion, the new redox sensor holds promise for future experiments that may elucidate the role of Kv-channels during HPV.

  • 34.
    Knoepp, Fenja
    et al.
    Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
    Wahl, Joel
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Kraut, Simone
    Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
    Sommer, Natascha
    Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
    Weissmann, Norbert
    Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
    Ramser, Kerstin
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    A Microfluidic System for Simultaneous Raman Spectroscopy, Patch-Clamp Electrophysiology, and Live-Cell Imaging to Study Key Cellular Events of Single Living Cells in Response to Acute Hypoxia2021In: Small Methods, E-ISSN 2366-9608, Vol. 5, no 10, article id 2100470Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The ability to sense changes in oxygen availability is fundamentally important for the survival of all aerobic organisms. However, cellular oxygen sensing mechanisms and pathologies remain incompletely understood and studies of acute oxygen sensing, in particular, have produced inconsistent results. Current methods cannot simultaneously measure the key cellular events in acute hypoxia (i.e., changes in redox state, electrophysiological properties, and mechanical responses) at controlled partial pressures of oxygen (pO2). The lack of such a comprehensive method essentially contributes to the discrepancies in the field. A sealed microfluidic system that combines i) Raman spectroscopy, ii) patch-clamp electrophysiology, and iii) live-cell imaging under precisely controlled pO2 have therefore been developed. Merging these modalities allows label-free and simultaneous observation of oxygen-dependent alterations in multiple cellular redox couples, membrane potential, and cellular contraction. This technique is adaptable to any cell type and allows in-depth insight into acute oxygen sensing processes underlying various physiologic and pathologic conditions. 

  • 35.
    Lindberg, Dan-Erik
    et al.
    Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Studies.
    Leonardsson, Kjell
    Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Studies.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, T. Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundqvist, Hans
    Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Studies.
    Methods for locating the proper position of a planned fishway entrance near a hydropower tailrace2013In: Limnologica, ISSN 0075-9511, E-ISSN 1873-5851, Vol. 43, no 5, p. 339-347Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The spatial distribution of upstream migrating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) spawners was studied in 2008 and 2009 in the surroundings of the tailrace from a hydropower station in the River Umeälven. This area is problematic because the fish have difficulties finding their way into the original riverbed, which prompted an investigation on the feasibility of adding a fishway in the area. Echo sounding was used in 2008 to investigate the spatial use of fish in the tailrace channel during the time of salmon migration. Presence of other fish species was so low that all echo sounding detections were assumed to be salmon. In 2009, data on wild radio-tagged salmon (n = 94) was collected in the same tailrace by an array of underwater antennas with a detection radius of approximately 10 m, to validate the results from the echo sounding. Both types of surveys showed aggregations of fish in one part of the tailrace. As a final step, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling was performed to analyze hydrodynamics. This CFD modeling showed a coincidence of fish detections in areas with turbulence intensities between 0.6 and 0.8, which may be an indication that the fish are holding in these areas to reduce energy expenditure during migration. A high proportion of the radio-tagged salmon were observed in the tailrace area (a median of 21 days between their first and last detection), indicating that the salmon are delayed in their upstream migration by the attraction to the tailrace in this area. The overall data on fish behavior in the tailrace led us to suggest a location for a new fishway where the fish aggregation was most pronounced. The number of detections from either technology had similar distributions over the tailrace, suggesting that the results are comparable. Thus, the split beam echo sounder can preferably be used to investigate which location is most appropriate for locations of entrances to new fishways since many more individual fishes are covered by this method compared to telemetry. Furthermore, there is no need to handle the fish in the echo sounding studies as is required in telemetry studies

  • 36.
    Ljung, Anna-Lena
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Robin
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Eriksson, Mats
    Relitor Engineering AB.
    Modelling the Evaporation Rate in an Impingement Jet Dryer with Multiple Nozzles2017In: International Journal of Chemical Engineering, ISSN 1687-806X, E-ISSN 1687-8078, Vol. 2017, article id 5784627Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Impinging jets are often used in industry to dry, cool, or heat items. In this work, a two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics model is created to model an impingement jet dryer with a total of 9 pairs of nozzles that dries sheets of metal. Different methods to model the evaporation rate are studied, as well as the influence of recirculating the outlet air. For the studied conditions, the simulations show that the difference in evaporation rate between single- and two-component treatment of moist air is only around 5%, hence indicating that drying can be predicted with a simplified model where vapor is included as a nonreacting scalar. Furthermore, the humidity of the inlet air, as determined from the degree of recirculating outlet air, has a strong effect on the water evaporation rate. Results show that the metal sheet is dry at the exit if 85% of the air is recirculated, while approximately only 60% of the water has evaporated at a recirculation of 92,5%

  • 37.
    Misiulia, Dzmitry
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Effects of the inlet angle on the collection efficiency of a cyclone with helical-roof inlet2017In: Powder Technology, ISSN 0032-5910, E-ISSN 1873-328X, Vol. 305, p. 48-55Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effects of inlet angle on the collection efficiency of a cyclone with helical-roof inlet have been computationally investigated using Large Eddy Simulations with the dynamic Smagorinsky-Lilly subgrid-scale model for five different inlet angles (7°, 11°, 15°, 20° and 25°). Forty thousand individual particles were tracked through the unsteady flow field using the Lagrangian approach. In order to reveal the collection efficiency of a cyclone with helical-roof inlet properly, simulation time should not be < 3.5 times the average flow residence time. Particles which diameter is close to the cyclone cut size have the longest residence times while particles of 10–25 μm in diameter have the shortest. Based on the simulations, expressions for the cut size and Euler number normalized with the mean axial velocity in a cyclone with helical-roof inlet of different inlet angles are derived. The results show that, increasing the inlet angle increases the cyclone cut size and as a result reduces cyclone collection efficiency. At the same time, it decreases the cyclone pressure drop coefficient (Euler number) leading to lower pressure losses. For most cases where high separation efficiency at moderate pressure drop is required the optimum inlet angle is in the range 10–15°.

  • 38.
    Misiulia, Dzmitry
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Large Eddy Simulation Investigation of an Industrial Cyclone Separator Fitted with a Pressure Recovery Deswirler2017In: Chemical Engineering & Technology, ISSN 0930-7516, E-ISSN 1521-4125, Vol. 40, no 4, p. 709-718Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A cyclone fitted with a deswirler of original design has been investigated by means of large eddy simulation. Installation of the deswirler reduces significantly the positive static pressure near the wall as well as the negative static pressure in the central region. It also decreases the maximum tangential velocities in the main separation zone. The deswirler enables a substantial reduction of the backward flow at the gas outlet and a more uniform distribution of the axial velocities at the gas outlet. It also considerably reduces pressure losses in the vortex finder lowering the cyclone pressure drop by almost about one third but it deteriorates the collection efficiency of particles with diameters of less than 8 µm, thus increasing the cut size.

  • 39.
    Misiulia, Dzmitry
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Computational Investigation of an Industrial Cyclone Separator with Helical-Roof Inlet2015In: Chemical Engineering & Technology, ISSN 0930-7516, E-ISSN 1521-4125, Vol. 38, no 8, p. 1425-1434Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An industrial cyclone separator with helical-roof inlet TsN-11 has been numerically investigated as to pressure and flow field, pressure drop, fractional efficiency, and particle trajectories inside the cyclone. The turbulence was modeled with Reynolds stresses and large eddy simulations (LES) based on three different subgrid-scales (SGS). The results with the different setups were compared to experimental data from previous studies. For a proper calculation of the flow field, LES combined with a dynamic SGS model was used for predicting cyclone performance. Individual particles were tracked through the unsteady flow field using the Lagrangian approach. The results of the numerical calculations of the tangential and axial velocity, pressure drop, and cut size are in good agreement with experimental measurements.

  • 40.
    Misiulia, Dzmitry
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Effects of the inlet angle on the flow pattern and pressure drop of a cyclone with helical-roof inlet2015In: Chemical engineering research & design, ISSN 0263-8762, E-ISSN 1744-3563, Vol. 102, p. 307-321Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effects of inlet angle on the flow pattern and pressure drop in cyclones have been numerically investigated using Large Eddy Simulations with the dynamic Smagorinsky-Lilly subgrid-scale. Five cyclones with helical-roof inlets of different inlet angles and five cyclones with tangential inlets of different inlet heights at the same other geometric dimensions are considered. The results show that, increasing the inlet angle as well as the inlet height (inlet area) decreases the absolute values of positive (close to the cyclone wall) and negative (in the central region) static pressure and tangential velocity in the cyclone body that will probably reduce the collection efficiency. Also, increasing the inlet angle reduces the gas flow rates along the cyclone axis in both downward (outer) and upward (inner) vortices and increases the maximum radial velocity under the vortex finder that can enhance the number of small particles entrained by the gas flow and transferred from that region into the vortex finder and negatively affect the overall collection efficiency. The cyclone pressure drop is mainly generated by the losses in the cyclone body (under the vortex finder) and in the vortex finder. There is a significant decrease in pressure drop with increase of inlet angle. Based on the simulations an expression for the dimensionless pressure drop normalized by the inlet velocity for the cyclone with helical-roof inlet of different inlet angles is derived. Cyclones with helical-roof inlets have a higher aerodynamic efficiency as compared to cyclones with tangential inlets, and the highest aerodynamic efficiency was reached with an inlet angle of 20°.

  • 41.
    Misiulia, Dzmitry
    et al.
    Department of Machines and Apparatus for Chemical and Silicate Production, Belarusian State Technological University.
    Antonyuk, Sergiy
    Institute of Particle Process Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern.
    Andersson, Anders Gustav
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, Tord Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Effects of deswirler position and its centre body shape as well as vortex finder extension downstream on cyclone performance2018In: Powder Technology, ISSN 0032-5910, E-ISSN 1873-328X, Vol. 336, p. 45-56Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The performance of a cyclone is studied when changing the position of the deswirler in the vortex finder, its centre body shape and a downstream vortex finder extension. This is done with simulations applying a Reynolds stress model for the turbulence. An extension of the vortex finder (from 2.64 dvf to 6.8 dvf) has almost no effect on cyclone pressure drop or collection efficiency. Moreover, the extension does not affect the pressure losses in the vortex finder. The closer the deswirler is installed to the vortex finder inlet the more significant is its effects on cyclone performance. A streamlined ellipsoidal shape of the deswirler centre body is preferable to a cylindrical one since it leads to lower pressure losses. Installation of the deswirler with a streamlined ellipsoidal centre body 2.64 diameters downstream the vortex finder inlet reduces pressure losses in the vortex finder by 74% as compared to a standard set-up. This leads to a 32% reduction in total pressure drop without deteriorating the separation capability of the cyclone.

  • 42.
    Misiulia, Dzmitry
    et al.
    Department of Machines and Apparatus for Chemical and Silicate Production, Belarusian State Technological University, Minsk, Belarus.
    Antonyuk, Sergiy
    Institute of Particle Process Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
    Andersson, Anders Gustav
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, Tord Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    High-efficiency industrial cyclone separator: A CFD study2020In: Powder Technology, ISSN 0032-5910, E-ISSN 1873-328X, Vol. 364, p. 943-953Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The flow within an industrial scroll-inlet high-efficiency cyclone separator has been studied using RSM and LES simulations. Of particular interest is the effect of the gas outlet configuration, i.e. outlet scroll and radial bend, on the flow pattern, pressure drop and cyclone efficiency. A surprising phenomenon is that the inner vortex splits into two vortices for the cyclone with a conventional outlet pipe while if the cyclone is equipped with an outlet scroll or radial bend there is no split. The outlet scroll and radial bend increase the pressure losses by 5.1% and 6.4%, respectively. These installations, moreover, significantly destabilize the pressure losses and the amplitude of instantaneous pressure drop oscillations increases from 0.65% to 16.2% and 33.96%, respectively. The investigated outlet scroll and radial bend have practically no effects on the cyclone efficiency since the flow in the main separation zone is not affected by the gas outlet configuration.

  • 43.
    Misiulia, Dzmitry
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Elsayed, Khairy
    Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, El-Mattaria, Helwan University.
    Andersson, Anders Gustav
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Geometry optimization of a deswirler for cyclone separator in terms of pressure drop using CFD and artificial neural network2017In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 185, p. 10-23Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Four main geometrical parameters of a deswirler (core diameter, number of vanes, height of vanes and leading edge angle) for cyclone separators have been optimized using CFD and artificial neural network. The results indicated that the most significant geometrical parameters of the deswirler are the number of vanes, the vane angle and the vane height. A new optimized deswirler geometry was obtained using the genetic algorithms and its effects on the flow field, pressure losses and cyclone collection efficiency were numerically investigated. The deswirler positively affects the flow field within a cyclone. It dramatically reduces tangential velocities in the vortex finder and only slightly (by 4.5%) decreases maximum tangential velocities in the separation zone. The deswirler also reduces the length of the inner vortex, redistributes uniformly axial velocities at the vortex finder outlet and prevents backward flow. Additionally, the deswirler converts the dynamic energy of the swirling flow into pressure and allows pressure recovery. It reduces pressure losses in the vortex finder by 95.67% that leads to 43.17% reduction in total pressure drop and slightly decreases the separation efficiency for some particle diameters, increasing the cyclone cut size from 1.5 to 1.72 μm.

  • 44.
    Sam, Ali al
    et al.
    Lund University, Division of Fluid Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Szász, Robert-Zoltán
    Lund University, Division of Fluid Mechanics.
    Hellström, Gunnar
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Revstedt, Johan
    Lund University, Division of Fluid Mechanics.
    Measurement and simulation of turbulent flow over rough surface2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 45.
    Sjöstedt, Lovisa M.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Hellström, J. Gunnar I.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Andersson, Anders G.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    CFD Modelling as a Tool to Better Understand Fish Behavior2023In: Proceedings of the 40th IAHR World Congress - 2023: Rivers - Connecting Mountains and Coasts / [ed] Helmut Habersack; Michael Tritthart; Lisa Waldenberger, International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR) , 2023, p. 2665-2672Conference paper (Refereed)
1 - 45 of 45
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