Polarization is a fundamental property of electromagnetic radio signals but often neglected in localization studies. In this paper, we study the potential benefits of integrating the polarization dimension into localization applications. We develop a three-dimensional (3D) geometric channel model between a base station (BS) and user equipment (UE), both equipped with dual-polarized (DP) antennas, which offers fundamental insights into the angles of departure (AoD) from the BS to the UE as well as the 3D orientation of the UE. From the model, we identify the degrees of freedom (DoF) provided by the polarization dimension for localization solutions by evaluating the rank of the equivalent Fisher information matrix. Subsequently, we leverage these DoF to introduce three distinct localization applications: (i) 3D orientation estimation, (ii) 2D AoD estimation, and (iii) mixed 2D position and 1D orientation estimation for vehicular scenarios. Furthermore, for the three localization applications we identify their regions of operation in terms of the ranges of the angles of interest, to avoid any ambiguity occurrence through the estimation process, thereby guaranteeing unique solutions. Finally, we derive the Cramér-Rao lower bounds and numerically establish the efficiency of the proposed estimators.

We propose a novel binary polarization shift keying modulation scheme for a line-of-sight environment by exploiting the polarization control ability of the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). The RIS encodes the information data in terms of the polarization states of either the reflected wave from the RIS or the composite wireless channel between an RF source and receiver. In the first case, polarization mismatch correction becomes essential at the receiver. In the second case, the RIS pre-codes the reflected wave to compensate for the polarization mismatch which allows non-coherent demodulation at the receiver.

We propose a novel reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided differential polarization shift keying modulation scheme for a line-of-sight environment. In this scheme, the RIS exploits the state of polarization (SoP) of the reflected waves over two successive reflection frames to encode the data bit. In particular, the RIS either preserves the SoP of the reflected wave similar to the previous reflection frame or switches it to another orthogonal SoP as a function of the information data bits. The proposed scheme allows non-coherent data detection without the need for polarization mismatch estimation and compensation processes at the receiver.    

In line-of-sight (LoS) environments, point-to-point (P2P) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel matrix turns out to be rank deficient such that spatial multiplexing becomes unattainable. In this paper, we propose the deployment of distributed intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) to act as artificial scatterers and synthesize a sort of multi-path propagation such that additional degrees of freedom are created. We show that given the far-field deployment of the IRS, it simply resembles a full-duplex relay with a single effective reflection coefficient. However, to maximize the channel capacity both the effective reflection coefficients of all IRSs and the transmit covariance matrix should be jointly optimized, which is a nonconvex optimization problem. Thus, we develop an alternating optimization algorithm to iteratively find a sub-optimal solution. Moreover, we propose different schemes to enhance the composite channel power which would result in an improvement to the achievable rate. Our simulation results show that the deployment of distributed IRSs with P2P MIMO systems in LoS environments increases the rank of the channel matrix, and improves the achievable rate by making spatial multiplexing possible.

We propose a joint polarization and spatial modulation (JPSM) scheme using reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). In this scheme, a RIS equipped with dual-polarized (DP) reflecting elements is used to assist the communication between a transmitter of a single polarized antenna and a receiver equipped with a uniform linear array of DP antennas, while additionally encoding the reflected waves on the RIS to perform JPSM scheme. The information data is encoded in terms of the receiver DP antenna index as well as the polarization state of the received signal. Furthermore, we develop exhaustive and heuristic RIS phase shift design solutions to enable the RIS-JPSM scheme. Moreover, both an optimum maximum likelihood and a low complexity greedy detectors are formulated. The proposed scheme enhances the data rate by operating higher-order polarization modulation in comparison to the conventional RIS-based spatial modulation scheme.

We study the positional impact of an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) on the achievable rate for single and multiple antenna systems. We show that in IRS-aided single antenna systems, it is always best to place the IRS as close as possible to the transmitter or receiver since the large-scale fading for IRS-reflected links is the main factor that characterizes the performance gain. However, for IRS-aided multiple antenna systems, the propagation environment has an important role in characterizing the efficient regions of IRS placement. In the case of a line-of-sight environment, the channel matrix turns out to be rank-deficient. Thus, both far and near IRS placements result in significant achievable rate improvements where the former provides a substantial additional degree-of-freedom, while the latter results in a power gain. Furthermore, as the wireless channel becomes richer with multipath, the rank of the channel matrix increases. Thus, the efficient far placement regions gradually shrink until they disappear in the case of a Rayleigh fading channel where IRS near placements become more efficient than far placements as they result in higher power gains.

This letter introduces a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted modulation scheme tailored for non-coherent receivers. Employing a RIS of dual-polarized elements, we manipulate the polarization state of the reflected signals to enable a differential polarization shift keying modulation scheme while simultaneously beamforming the reflected signal towards the receiver. Subsequently, an additional differential phase shift keying (DPSK) modulation layer is superimposed under two distinct deployments, where either the source or the RIS performs the DPSK modulation. Furthermore, the analytical performance is investigated, and a comparison with benchmark schemes is evaluated.

We have investigated what the effects of adding pulse shaping and windowing to a Zipper-VDSL system would be. By adding short, pulse-shaped wings to the DMT symbol and accepting the, say, 3 % efficiency loss, the spectral sidelobes of the DMT-symbol are reduced. This provides several attractive features including the following: · The pulse shaping in the transmitter reduces the out of band power of the DMT-signal. · The spectral compatibility with other systems such as ADSL and CAP-VDSL is enhanced. · It becomes feasible to use Zipper-VDSL in a time-asynchronous mode, where a VTU-R only synchronizes itself to its VTU-O, while the VTU-R / VTU-O pair may be asynchronous to all other transceiver pairs. · The pulse shaping gives some increase in the depth of spectral notches, for HAM-bands etc. The windowing is a part of a powerful RFI-ingress suppressing method as proposed by John Bingham, Amati.

To better utilize the capacity of the twisted-pair access networks, operators deploying very high-speed digital subscriber line (VDSL) systems need accurate parameters for power back-off (PBO). However, VDSL standards give almost no guidance on how these parameters should be established for a particular network. In this paper we present a new technique for optimizing PBO parameters for a cable bundle, which is based on the Nelder–Mead simplex search algorithm. In this way each operator can easily calculate PBO parameters that match its actual access network down to the individual cable bundle. Using the properties of the PBO, as defined in the VDSL standard, we show how a normalized FEXT coupling can replace the knowledge of the individual couplings during the optimization of the PBO parameters. By simulations based on measured cable data we show that our approach using cable bundle unique PBO (CUPBO) achieves a significant improvements compared to the performance achieved with the ordinary PBO. 1.

Frequency nulling spectral precoding is an approachthat suppresses the out-of-band emission in OFDM systems.In this paper, we discuss the transmitter architecture of thespectrally precoded OFDM systems. We design a novel precoderthat matches the practical implementation of the OFDM modulator.We show that spectral precoding can relax the analog lowpass filtering requirements of the OFDM system transmitter. Weexamine the effect of spectral precoding on the PAPR as wellas the effect of the PA on the spectral precoding suppressionperformance. We also study the compliance of the spectrallyprecoded OFDM transmitter with the 3GPP standardizationmeasures and analyze its computation complexity. At the receiverside, we analyze the in-band interference and BER performanceof the suggested precoding approach.

In this paper we present analytical expressions for the out-of-band (OOB) emission and in-band interference of two different OOB suppressed OFDM-systems; classical low-pass filtered and precoded. Then, we analytically compare their performance in terms of OOB emission suppression and introduced level of in-band interference. We analyse the fact that the in-band interference introduced by the filter depends on the length of the cyclic prefix as well as the behavior of the channel while that of the precoded OFDM does not. The analysis confirms that edged subcarriers suffer higher in-band interference than central subcarriers. Moreover, frequency precoders, for a specific choice of notching frequencies, can outperform time precoders.

Spectrally precoded OFDM is a recent approach that aims for the suppression of the OOB, as well as the in-band gap, emissions in OFDM systems. Theoretically, the technique shows High suppression of the OOB and the in-band gap emissions. Although, practically hardware impairments may limit the precoder's performance. Yet, this demonstration shows that despite the hardware impairments, implemented spectrally precoded OFDM generates emissions tens of decibels less than that of plain OFDM. Therefore, the demonstration proves that communications links are less vulnerable to interference coming from spectrally precoded OFDM signals than to interference coming from plain OFDM signals

The N-continuous precoder for the suppression ofOOB emission in OFDM systems that minimizes the EVM isintroduced. We show that the minimum in-band interference dueto the introduced precoding approach is 3 dB less than the inbandinterference of existing N-continuous precoders. Moreover,we introduce a novel practical block precoder that approachesthe performance of the suggested optimal precoder. We analyzethe spectrum of the OFDM signal after block precoding, the inbandinterference due to block precoding and the effect of blockprecoding on the BER. The price to pay for block precoding isthe computational complexity that grows linearly with the blocksize.

This paper introduces a new multicarrier system - a practical alternative for N-continuous OFDM: N-smooth OFDM. N-smooth OFDM improves the spectral compactness of practical OFDM systems by suppressing OOB emission. The higher spectral compactness of N-smooth OFDM allows the system to relax requirements of the digital to analog converter (DAC) construction filter. Moreover, it decreases the signal's self interference that results from spectral precoding as well as precoder's computational complexity. 

We consider spectrally-precoded OFDM waveforms for 5G wideband transmission in sub-6GHz band. In this densely

packed spectrum, a low out-of-band (OOB) waveform is a critical 5G component to achieve the promised high spectral

efficiency. By precoding data symbols before OFDM modulation, it is possible to achieve extremely low out-of-band

emission with very sharp spectrum transition enabling an efficient and flexible usage of frequency resources. Spectrallyprecoded

OFDM shows promising results for reaching 5G targets in high-data rate enhanced mobile broadband and ultrareliable

low-latency communications use cases. Spectral precoding is particularly efficient for wideband transmission

enabling short-time transmission, which will often require flexible fragmented spectrum usage.

Today’s multicarrier transmitters, deployed in essentially all communications radio equipment we use(phones, TV’s, computers, etc.), contain means to avoid undesired out-of-band power emissions. Standards and regulations typically restrict the levels of these emissions in order to allow for an efficient use of the radio spectrum. Radio vendors deploy well-established algorithms such as low-pass filtering or windowing to satisfy these regulations. A new approach, specifically applicable to OFDM systems, known as spectralprecoding, has been studied during the last decade. In particular, subspace precoding has attracted theinterest of academia, for its elegance, and despite a few adamant disadvantages. Recent advances now provide a breakthrough: subspace precoding is now a viable alternative to today’s algorithms.

OFDM scheme possesses high OOB emission which degrades the spectral efficiency of OFDM systems. Poor spectral efficiency limits the validity of OFDM as a candidate for 5G. Spectrally precoded OFDM is a recent approach that treats the OFDM signal to suppress the out of band (OOB) emission. Although the theoretical results of spectral precoding show very efficient OOB emission suppression (more than 50 dB reduction compared to plain OFDM), practically, hardware impairments limit its performance.We, at Luleå University of Technology, examine the practicality of the suggested approach and show for the first time through this demonstration that despite the hardware impairments, implemented spectral precoded OFDM has OOB emission tens of decibels less than that of plain OFDM. We set up and examine a communication link through which we approve that communication systems are less vulnerable to interference coming from spectrally precoded OFDM signals than to interference coming from plain OFDM signals.

In this report we present evaluations of path-losses along the 1 km long, and almost straight, tunnel-ramp located in the Kankberg underground mine outside Boliden, Sweden. From nine different LTE measurements along the ramp in the 1800 MHz frequency band in front of the mRRU antenna and when no vehicle is obstructing the signal path, the estimated path-loss exponents range between n = 1:40 and n = 2:19. When a large vehicle obstructs the signal path the estimated path-loss exponents from seven dierent measurements vary between n = 2:00 and n = 2:52. These values match quite well with an estimated path-loss exponent of n = 2:1 for corresponding, but quite differently measured, radio-channel measurements at1900 MHz. Behind the mRRU antenna, where the power is radiated in a much wider angle in the tunnel than in front of the antenna, the estimated path-loss coeffcients are much higher and vary between n = 4:4 and 5:2. Because of the relatively low attenuation measured in front of the antennas there is likely a wave-guide effect in the tunnel, even at these 1800/1900 MHz frequencies. A hypothesis is presented in Section 5 about how the waveguide effect is generated in the tunnel due to the antenna directivity, which is supported by the measurements.

This thesis consists of an introduction and five parts dealing with digital communication. Three parts address Discrete Multi-Tone modulation (DMT), a wireline form of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). One part addresses channel estimation in wireless OFDM and one addresses multiuser detection in wireless Direct Sequence-Code Division Multiple Access (DS- CDMA).The first part presents a new duplex method, called Zipper, for Very High bit rate Digital Subscriber Lines (VDSL). It is a duplex method that offer high flexibility and compatibility with existing services in the access network. The second part presents a digital Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) suppression method. It is located in the frequency domain and it can be used by any DMT-based VDSL system. The third part presents a method to run Zipper in an asynchronous mode with only a small performance loss. This can be of interest for telecom operators when constructing a VDSL system. The fourth part examines the trade-off between pilot symbol spacing and symbol error rate in a wireless OFDM system using Pilot Symbol Assisted Modulation (PSAM). The last part presents a low complexity multiuser detector for wireless DS-CDMA. It consists of a pipelined detector structure that produces Maximum Likelihood Secence Detector (MLSD) decisions on some of the received bits in the sequence. The remaining, previously undetected bits, are fed to a secondary post-processor.

Aspects of modern communication systems is the overall theme of this thesis with emphasis placed on multicarrier modulation. The work considers four facets of such systems; namely duplexing design, interference mitigation, channel estimation and multiuser detection. The first area deals with duplexing design for very high bit rate digital subscriber lines (VDSL) using discrete multitone modulation (DMT). We present a novel method based on DMT - the Zipper duplex method. Zipper is proposed for VDSL in different standardization bodies worldwide - International (ITU), North America (ANSI) and in Europe (ETSI) where it also has been accepted as a part of the VDSL standard. Zipper has superior flexibility and spectrum efficiency. This is obtained by freely assigning different subcarriers for the up- and downstream direction. In one design Zipper operates fully network synchronized by using a masterclock. In an asynchronous design Zipper operates without any reference to a masterclock which is a requirement for unbundled networks but reduces some of the flexibility. To obtain highest flexibility in unbundled networks, without using a masterclock, an algorithm is derived that self-synchronizes all Zipper modems. Another area deals with interference- and distortion mitigation. Narrowband interference (NBI) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing- (OFDM) and DMT-based systems is considered. NBI can be very harmful for both radio- and wireline systems. We introduce two efficient NBI cancellers for OFDM and DMT. One canceller is based on a deterministic polynomial model of the NBI. The other canceller models it as a narrowband stochastic process and use the linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) criterion for the cancellation. We lower its complexity by using the theory of optimal rank reduction. Impulse noise is a different type of harmful interference that can be encountered in VDSL. In this thesis we study the effects of impulse noise in DMT-based VDSL systems and present a robust generalized likelihood ratio test for detecting impulse noise. It is used for obtaining reliable erasures in a Reed-Solomon decoding scheme which reduces the probability of symbol errors significantly. Pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) can be used in OFDM for tracking the distortion variations in a fading radio channel. We analyze the pilot symbol spacing in PSAM as a trade-off between high effective SNR and good channel tracking capabilities for two channel estimators with different complexities. Code division multiple access (CDMA) is part of the standard for the third generation of mobile phones. In this thesis we present a low complexity multiuser detector for a wireless DS-CDMA system. With a pipelined structure it can produce maximum likelihood sequence detector (MLSD) decisions on many of the received bits by only performing additions after the front end matched filters.

In this paper we consider the estimation of improper noise in multicarrier DSL systems. We show that the improperness of baseband noise relates to the mirrored frequency components in the positive and negative frequency halves. Spectral leakage in the receiver requires in general widely linear estimation (WLE) techniques of the noise instead of less complex linear estimation (LE) techniques. We describe how to take into account for the improperness in the estimation and how it is possible to neglect it by using smooth receiver windowing. This is demonstrated by using two similar but conceptually different noise estimators, which are based on deterministic and stochastic noise models, combined with LE or WLE. We also describe some practical properties of improper noise estimation in multicarrier DSL systems by showing intuition pleasing connections to spectral leakage, receiver windowing, dimensionality and model parameters, residual noise interference, and complexity.

Vi har utfört bredbandiga radiokanalmätningar i Aitik-gruvans öppna dagbrott i 2.4 GHz bandet med hjälp av mjukvaruradio (SDR). Mätningarna visar att radioekoutbredningen inte sällan uppgår till ca 10-12 us (mikrosekunder) och ofta mer än ca 5 us, p.g.a. de mycket starka signalreflektioner som oundvikligen sker nere i gruvgropen. Radioekoutbredningen är mycket större än vad t.ex. kommersiellt tillgänglig WiFi (baserat på IEEE 802.11 standarden) är konstruerad för (dvs max 0.8 us ekoutbredning), men även modern mobiltelefoni (4G-LTE). En av konsekvenserna är att dessa system kraftigt begränsas av radioekona i Aitik-gruvan vilket väsentligt begränsar och försvårar tillförlitlig radiokommunikation även om den mottagna signalstyrkan är mer än tillräckligt hög.

In this paper we analyze two-dimensional (2D) pilot-symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) for wireless orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). 2D-PSAM has been suggested for wireless OFDM by several authors and is included in a preliminary draft of the standard for European digital video broadcast. We generalize the analysis of single-carrier PSAM to the 2D time-frequency lattice of OFDM. We analyze 2D-PSAM for two different channel estimators: one with good performance and high complexity and one suboptimal with low complexity. We verify that a good rule of thumb is to place the pilots at least as twice as close, in time and frequency, as required by the 2D sampling theorem.

In this paper we present a pipelined implementation of an iterative threshold detector, which makes the same decisions as a maximum likelihood sequence detector (MLSD) on some, but not necessarily all, bits. We apply this as a first stage detector in a direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) interference-limited multiuser system. In combination with the single-user matched filter (MF) detector we obtain improved performance and lower complexity than with the decorrelating receiver for a limited number of simultaneous users, e.g. up to 25 users with a spreading factor of 127.

We present an algorithm for self-synchronizing all modems in a discrete multitone (DMT)-based very high-speed digital subscriber line (VDSL) system using the Zipper duplex method. This solves the problem with non-orthogonal near-end crosstalk (NEXT) that appears in systems with unsynchronized modems. The algorithm we present runs autonomously in each VDSL-modem. It uses the auto-correlation of the DMT-signal to determine the frame-offset of other users, and adjusts the own frame-timing to be better aligned with the other users. With our method all modems will be self-synchronized to within a small fraction of the total DMT frame-length. This self-synchronization suppresses the NEXT to a level far below the background noise-floor. This means that our self-synchronized system has the same performance as a system where all modems are perfectly synchronized to a master clock

We present an algorithm that autonomously synchronizes all DMT-Zipper based VDSL modems in an unbundled access network, solving the problem with nonorthogonal NEXT that appears in systems with unsynchronized modems. The algorithm we present runs autonomously in each VDSL-modem in the central office or in the street cabinet. We determine the other modems ' relative frame offsets by exploiting their NEXT signal using the inherent cyclic redundancy found in DMT signals. By estimating the relative frame offsets of the other users, we can adjust a given user's own frame-timing relative to the mean of the others. With our method all modems in the network will be synchronized to within a small fraction of the total DMT frame-length, suppressing the nonorthogonal NEXT to a level far below the background noise-floor. This means that we can achieve the same performance in an unbundled access network without any master clock reference as in a system where all modems are perfectly synchronized using a master clock. Index Terms-Discrete multitone, frame synchronization, subscriber loops.

We present a narrowband interference (NBI) canceller that suppresses spectral leakage in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based system caused by a narrowband (NB) signal. We assume that the spectrum of the NB signal is within the spectrum of the OFDM signal. This can be the case, e.g., on digital subscriber lines (DSL) and in new unlicensed frequency bands for radio transmission. The canceller makes linear minimum mean-square error estimates of the spectral leakage by measuring the NBI on a few modulated or unmodulated OFDM subcarriers. It uses a model of the NB signal's power spectral density as a priori information. Using a frequency invariant design, it is possible to cancel NBI from signals that are changing their frequency location with significantly reduced complexity overhead. The operational complexity of the canceller can be lowered by using the theory of optimal rank reduction and using the time-bandwidth product of the NB signal. Analytical performance evaluations, as well as Monte Carlo simulations, show that, without perfect a priori information, this canceller can suppress the spectral leakage from a strong NB signal (e.g., with equal power as the OFDM signal) to well below the background noise floor for typical applications where it causes negligible signal-to-noise ratio and symbol error rate degradation.

In this paper, we describe and analyze the results of a radio channel measurement campaign in an extreme industrial environment; a large open-pit copper mine targeted by next generation’s highly voiced device communications. We present a practical and efficient method to perform robust and high-sensitivity impulse response measurements without a common clock reference using the widely spread USRP hardware. With this technique, we performed channel sounding on a large number of locations within the mine. One important observation is that the radio channel’s impulse response in an open-pit mine can often be more than 10 microseconds long, and much unlike the responses normally associated with Wi-Fi and mobile cellular radio systems, which poses serious design challenges for future 5G radio systems.

This paper addresses various aspects that should be considered to improve the digital inclusion of remote, and specifically arctic areas, so that the geographical location would play a lesser role in equality among the people. To this end, technological challenges and potential solutions are discussed. They are further elaborated by three examples that have different architectural use case specific challenges for remote area wireless connectivity. The active role of society is seen pivotal alongside with the technological solutions to make this happen.

This paper explores the road to vastly improving the broadband connectivity in future 6G wireless systems. Different categories of use cases are considered, from extreme capacity with peak data rates up to 1 Tbps, to raising the typical data rates by orders-of-magnitude, and supporting broadband connectivity at railway speeds up to 1000 km/h. To achieve these, not only the terrestrial networks will be evolved but they will also be integrated with satellite networks, all facilitating autonomous systems and various interconnected structures. We believe that several categories of enablers at the infrastructure, spectrum, and protocol/algorithmic levels are required to realize the connectivity goals in 6G. At the infrastructure level, we consider ultra-massive MIMO technology (possibly implemented using holographic radio), intelligent reflecting surfaces, user-centric cell-free networking, integrated access and backhaul, and integrated space and terrestrial networks. At the spectrum level, the network must seamlessly utilize sub-6 GHz bands for coverage and spatial multiplexing of many devices, while higher bands will be used for pushing the peak rates of point-to-point links. The latter path will lead to (sub-)Terahertz communications complemented by visible light communications in specific scenarios. At the protocol/algorithmic level, the enablers include improved coding, modulation, and waveforms to achieve lower latency, higher reliability, and reduced complexity. The resource efficiency can be further improved by using various combinations of full-duplex radios, interference management based on rate-splitting, machine-learning based optimization, coded caching, and broadcasting. Finally, the three levels of enablers must be utilized also to provide full-coverage broadband connectivity which must be one of the key outcomes of 6G.

This white paper explores the road to implementing broadband connectivity in future 6G wireless systems. Different categories of use cases are considered, from extreme capacity with peak data rates up to 1 Tbps, to raising the typical data rates by orders-of-magnitude, to support broadband connectivity at railway speeds up to 1000 km/h. To achieve these goals, not only the terrestrial networks will be evolved but they will also be integrated with satellite networks, all facilitating autonomous systems and various interconnected structures.

We believe that several categories of enablers at the infrastructure, spectrum, and protocol/ algorithmic levels are required to realize the intended broadband connectivity goals in 6G. At the infrastructure level, we consider ultra-massive MIMO technology (possibly implemented using holographic radio), intelligent reflecting surfaces, user-centric and scalable cell-free networking, integrated access and backhaul, and integrated space and terrestrial networks. At the spectrum level, the network must seamlessly utilize sub-6 GHz bands for coverage and spatial multiplexing of many devices, while higher bands will be used for pushing the peak rates of point-to-point links. The latter path will lead to THz communications complemented by visible light communications in specific scenarios. At the protocol/algorithmic level, the enablers include improved coding, modulation, and waveforms to achieve lower latencies, higher reliability, and reduced complexity. Different options will be needed to optimally support different use cases. The resource efficiency can be further improved by using various combinations of full-duplex radios, interference management based on rate-splitting, machine-learning-based optimization, coded caching, and broadcasting.

In this paper we present performance results for a new duplex scheme, called Zipper, for DMT-based VDSL systems on copper wires. This scheme divides the available bandwidth by assigning di¤erent subcarriers for the upstream and downstream direction. It has high .exibility to divide the capacity between the up- and downstream as well as good coexistence possibilities with other systems such as ADSL. Simulation results show high bitrate performance in different environments such as mixed ADSL and VDSL traffic, under radio frequency interference, and with different background noise sources.

We present a new duplex scheme, called Zipper, for discrete multitone (DMT)-based very high bit-rate digital subscriber line (VDSL) systems on copper wires. This scheme divides the available bandwidth by assigning different subcarriers for the upstream and downstream directions. It has high flexibility to divide the capacity between the up and downstream, as well as good coexistence possibilities with other systems such as ADSL. Simulation results show the high bit-rate performance in different environments such as mixed ADSL and VDSL traffic under radio frequency interference and with different background noise sources

In this paper, we propose a method for suppressing radio frequency interference (RFI) in discrete multitone (DMT) based very high bit rate digital subscriber line (VDSL) systems. The method operates in the frequency domain of a DMT system. First, we derive a model of how an unknown narrow-band RF signal is mapped onto the DMT carriers. Then, by measuring the RFI on a few unused DMT carriers we are able to subtract RFI estimates from every modulated subcarrier. Simulation results show that this method, applied to an RFI signal with the same average power as the VDSL signal, suppresses the RFI with 40-50 dB, which reduces the average SNR loss from about 20 to less than 0.3 dB.

In this paper we describe a method for supressing Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) in Discrete Multitone (DMT) based Very High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line systems. The method operates in the frequency domain of a DMT-system. It is based on a Taylor-expanded transfer function which maps the disturbance from the RF-signal onto the DMT-carriers. By measuring the RF-disturbance on a few unmodulated DMT-carriers we are able to subtract estimates of the disturbance from every modulated DMT-carrier. The RF-signal is assumed to be an unknown narrowband signal. Simulation results show that this method, applied to an RFI-signal with the same average power as the VDSL-signal, reduces the SNR-loss from about 20 dB to less than 1 dB.

Previously the authors presented a novel duplex method for very high bit-rate digital subscriber lines (VDSL) called Zipper. With this method all VDSL-modems on different wires in the same bindergroup have to be time-synchronized to avoid near-end cross-talk (NEXT). We describe a method which enables Zipper to run in a time-asynchronous mode. By introducing pulse-shaping in the transmitter and windowing in the receiver the NEXT is almost completely suppressed even though the synchronization between modems on neighboring lines is skipped. The remaining NEXT and efficiency loss due to pulse-shaping and windowing results in only a small bit-rate performance loss, typically less than 10% compared to the time-synchronized Zipper. However, with the new freedom of optimizing the lengths of the cyclic suffices with asynchronous Zipper, there may even be a small improvement in bit-rate performance for short wires

This contribution describes a new efficient method to perform power back-off in the upstream of a VDSL-system. The method gives higher data rates than the earlier proposals, i.e., the constant back-off method and the reference length method. One conceptual difference with this new method is that we are not using just one design parameter as with the reference frequency and reference length methods. With this new method all users are assigned a certain service class, a target bit rate. The method then performs the power back-off such that it tries to maximize the bit rate (the system margin) for all the other users. The method tries to create FEXT, at each NT, that has the same spectral shape as the background noise. Between 5% and 20% improvement in bit rates is achieved with this new method when using the FSAN models for cable, crosstalk and background noise. The larger improvements over the other methods appear when non-flat background is present. This is because the PSD of the background noise is included in the model used by method. For thinner wires, like the TP1 wire, the method can give more than 20% higher data rate for almost all users.

Dynamic spectrum management (DSM) improves the capacity utilization of twisted-pair cables by adapting the transmit power spectral density (PSD) of modems to the actual noise environment and channel conditions. Earlier proposed DSM algorithms do not take into account the standardized very high speed digital subscriber line (VDSL) constraints on the allowable transmit PSDs. However, VDSL modems support only restricted transmit PSD shapes resulting from the standardized power back-off (PBO) method, which is controlled by a small set of parameters. Furthermore, since all modems are currently using the same PBO parameters their bit rate performance is severely limited. In this paper, we show how to effectively exploit the standardized PBO concept for DSM to significantly boost bit rates. We also present a low complex DSM algorithm, the user unique PBO (UUPBO) algorithm, for calculating PBO parameters that are uniquely optimized for each modem