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  • 1.
    Grafström, Jonas
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Lindman, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Invention, innovation and diffusion in the European wind power sector2016In: Technological forecasting & social change, ISSN 0040-1625, E-ISSN 1873-5509, Vol. 114, p. 179-191Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this paper is to provide an economic analysis of the technology development patterns in the European wind power sector. The three classic Schumpeterian steps of technological development, invention, innovation and diffusion, are brought together to assess the relationship between these. Three econometric approaches are used, a negative binomial regression model for inventions approximated by patent counts, different learning curve model specifications that have been derived from a Cobb-Douglas cost function to address innovation, and a panel data fixed effect regression for the diffusion model. We suggest an integrated perspective of the technological development process where possible interaction effects between the different models are tested. The dataset covers the time period 1991–2008 in the eight core wind power countries in Western Europe. We find evidence of national and international knowledge spillovers in the invention model. The technology learning model results indicate that there exists global learning but also that the world market price of steel has been an important determinant of the development of wind power costs. In line with previous research, the diffusion model results indicate that investment costs have been an important determinant of the development of installed wind power capacity. The results also point towards the importance of natural gas prices and feed-in tariffs as vital factors for wind power diffusion.

  • 2.
    Lindman, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Essays on energy technology learning and voluntary carbon offsets2010Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis consists of an introductory part and three self-contained papers, all related to the issue of promoting renewable energy sources. Paper I presents the results from a hypothetical market experiment of Swedish students' stated willingness to purchase emission allowances for carbon dioxide within the European emissions trading system. Methodologically we draw heavily on recent developments in the literature on integrating norm-motivated behaviour into neoclassical consumer theory, and assume that individuals have a preference for keeping a self-image as a responsible and thus norm-compliant person. The results indicate that students' willingness to purchase emission allowances is determined by both price and the presence of norms; people who feel personally responsible for contributing to reduced climate damages are also the ones who appear more inclined to purchase emission allowances. The empirical findings are also consistent with the notion that perceptions about others' stated willingness to purchase emission allowances affect individual norms and ultimately expressed behaviour. Norms are also largely activated by problem awareness and the individual's perception of her ability to contribute to solving the problem. In paper II we conduct a metaanalysis of wind power learning rates, thus permitting an assessment of some of the most important model specification and data issues that influence the estimated learning coefficients. The econometric analysis in this paper relies on over 100 learning rate estimates presented in 35 studies, all conducted during the time period 1995-2010. The empirical results indicate that the choice of the geographical domain of learning, and thus implicitly of the assumed presence of learning spillovers, is an important determinant of wind power learning rates. We also find that the use of extended learning curve concepts, thus integrating most notably public R&D effects into the analysis, tends to result in lower learning rates than those generated by so-called single-factor learning curve studies.Finally, in paper III a critical analysis of the choice of model specification in learning curve analyses of wind power costs is presented. Special attention is paid to the question of the choice of national or global learning (cumulative capacity), and the inclusion of other variables such as R&D, scale effects and the inclusion of a time trend. To illustrate the importance of these methodological choices, a data set of pooled annual time series data over five European countries - Denmark (1986-1999), Germany (1990-1999), Spain (1990-1999), Sweden (1991-2002) and the United Kingdom (1991-2000) - is used to compare the results from different types of model specifications. The empirical results support the notion that the estimates of learning-by-doing rates may differ across different model specifications. In our data set the presence of global learning for wind power appears more important than that of national learning, but the estimates of the (global) learning rate are only marginally influenced by the introduction of R&D and scale effects. The results also show, though, that the impact of cumulative capacity on wind power costs appears to be very sensitive to the inclusion of a time trend in the traditional learning curve model.

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  • 3.
    Lindman, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Essays on Renewable Energy Technology Development and Voluntary Carbon Offsets2015Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis consists of an introduction and five self-contained papers addressing the issues of renewable energy technology development and voluntary carbon offsets, respectively. Paper I presents the results from a semi-experimental study of Swedish students’ stated willingness to purchase emission allowances for carbon dioxide within the European emissions trading scheme. Methodologically the analysis draws on recent developments in the literature on integrating norm-motivated behaviour into neoclassical consumer theory. The results indicate that students’ willingness to purchase emission allowances is determined by both price and the presence of norms; people who feel personally responsible for contributing to reduced climate damages are also the ones who appear more inclined to purchase emission allowances. The empirical findings are also consistent with the notion that perceptions about others’ stated willingness to purchase emission allowances imply improvements in people’s self-image and ultimately behavioural change. In paper II we conduct a conceptual review and a meta-analysis of wind power learning rates, including an assessment of a number of important model specification and data issues that influence these learning rates. The econometric analysis in this paper relies on over 100 learning rate estimates presented in 35 studies. The results indicate that the choice of the geographical domain of learning, and thus implicitly of the assumed presence of learning spillovers, is an important determinant of wind power learning rates. We also find that the use of extended learning curve concepts, thus integrating, most notably, public R&D effects into the analysis, tends to result in lower learning rates than those generated by the so-called single-factor learning curve model specification. In paper III a critical analysis of the choice of model specification in learning curve analyses of wind power costs is presented. Special attention is devoted to the choice of either national or global cumulative capacities as learning indicators, as well as the inclusion of other independent variables such as public R&D, scale effects and a time trend. A data set of pooled annual time series over eight European countries is used. The empirical results indicate that the estimates of the learning rates may differ considerably across different model specifications. The presence of global learning for wind power appears more important than that of national learning. Moreover, the use of extended learning curve concepts, thus integrating either scale effects or public R&D (or both) into the analysis, adds to our understanding of cost decreases in wind power technology. In paper IV we examine how effective different public policies have been in encouraging innovation in the wind energy sector. The analysis is conducted using patent counts data on a panel of European countries over the time period 1977-2009. The contribution of the paper lies primarily in its in-depth empirical efforts to address the innovation impacts of different public policies, including tests of different model specifications and important policy interaction effects. An important result is that the marginal impact of public R&D support to wind power has a more profound effect on patenting activity when implemented jointly with a feed-in tariff scheme. Finally, paper V provides an econometric analysis of the technology development patterns in the European wind power sector. The invention, innovation and diffusion phases of wind power development are brought together to assess important interaction effects. The dataset covers the time period 1991-2008 for eight western European wind power countries. We find evidence of national and international knowledge spillovers in the invention model. The results from the innovation models show that there exists global learning, but also that the world market price of steel has been an important determinant of wind power investment costs. The diffusion model results indicate that investment cost is an important determinant of the development of installed wind power capacity. The results also identify natural gas prices and feed-in tariffs as vital factors behind the observed wind power diffusion patterns.

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  • 4.
    Lindman, Åsa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Ek, Kristina
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Söderholm, Patrik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Voluntary citizen participation in carbon allowance markets: the role of norm-based motivation2013In: Climate Policy, ISSN 1469-3062, E-ISSN 1752-7457, Vol. 13, no 6, p. 680-697Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The results from a semi-experimental study of Swedish students' stated willingness to purchase emission allowances for carbon dioxide are presented. Drawing heavily on recent developments in the literature on integrating norm-motivated behaviour into neoclassical consumer theory, it is assumed that individuals have a preference for maintaining a self-image as a responsible (and thus norm-compliant) person. The results indicate that students' willingness to purchase carbon allowances is determined by both price and the presence of norms: those who feel personally responsible for contributing to reducing climate damages also appear more inclined to buy allowances. The empirical findings are consistent with the notion that a person's beliefs about others' stated willingness to purchase carbon allowances imply improvements in their own self-image and ultimately behavioural change. This suggests that information campaigns that attempt to influence beliefs about others' intentions could promote 'green' consumer behaviour in the carbon allowance market. Such (stated) behaviour also appears to be influenced by a person's awareness of the problem of climate change and their beliefs about their own ability to contribute to solving it. Policy relevance Although there is a concern that public goods such as reduced climate change may be under-provided in the free market, individual concern for the environment occasionally has profound impacts on consumer choice and voluntary action. This research suggests that information campaigns that attempt to influence beliefs about others' intentions could promote 'green' consumer behaviour in carbon allowance markets. Publicly-provided information about the impacts of climate change and the ways in which these damages stem from individual choices could also induce this type of behaviour

  • 5.
    Lindman, Åsa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Ranängen, Helena
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Business Administration and Industrial Engineering.
    Kauppila, Osmo
    Industrial Engineering and Management, University of Oulu, Oulun yliopisto, Finland.
    Guiding corporate social responsibility practice for social license to operate: A Nordic mining perspective2020In: The Extractive Industries and Society, ISSN 2214-790X, E-ISSN 2214-7918, Vol. 7, no 3, p. 892-907Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mining activities can benefit the local economy, although they can also have a negative impact on society and the local environment. As the negative impacts have engendered an increased stakeholder pressure over the last decades the mining industry has given considerable attention to its social and environmental impacts by practicing corporate social responsibility (CSR). This article presents a case study on the Nordic mining industry and its stakeholders with the aim of investigating how a mining company and its stakeholders evaluate sustainability aspects, describing the similarities and differences in their evaluations and exploring whether the concept of materiality analysis can be used as a tool for a company's strategic CSR practice. The mining company X was selected as the case company based on its high CSR profile, sustainability reporting, local context and interesting field competencies. Data has been collected through workshops with management groups, stakeholder surveys and stakeholder interviews. A sustainability aspect matrix was developed which the management groups at Company X and their identified stakeholders evaluated. The materiality analysis visualized the similarities and differences in a good way and the management groups regarded it as a useful tool for their strategic CSR practice.

  • 6.
    Lindman, Åsa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Stage, Jesper
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Avståndsskatters effekt för Norrbotten: En konsekvensanalys2018Report (Other academic)
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  • 7.
    Lindman, Åsa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Stage, Jesper
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Uppföljning innovationsbidraget2016Report (Other academic)
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  • 8.
    Lindman, Åsa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Söderholm, Patrik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Wind energy and green economy in Europe: Measuring policy-induced innovation using patent data2016In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 179, p. 1351-1359Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The green economy policy discourse has devoted a lot of attention to the design of public policy addressing low-carbon technologies. In this paper we examine the impacts of public R&D support and feed-in tariff schemes on innovation in the wind energy sector. The analysis is conducted using patent application data for four western European countries over the period 1977–2009. Different model specifications are tested, and the analysis highlights important policy interaction effects. The results indicate that both public R&D support and feed-in tariffs have positively affected patent application counts in the wind power sector. The (marginal) impact on patent applications of increases in feed-tariffs has also become more profound as the wind power technology has matured. There is also some evidence of policy interaction effects in that the impact of public R&D support to wind power is greater at the margin if it is accompanied by the use of feed-in tariff schemes. These results support the notion that technological innovation requires both R&D and learning-by-doing, and for this reason public R&D programs should typically not be designed in isolation from practical applications. The paper ends by outlining some important avenues for future research.

  • 9.
    Lindman, Åsa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Söderholm, Patrik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Wind power learning rates: a conceptual review and meta-analysis2012In: Energy Economics, ISSN 0140-9883, E-ISSN 1873-6181, Vol. 34, no 3, p. 754-761Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In energy system models endogenous technological change can be introduced by implement-ting so-called technology learning rates specifying the quantitative relationship between the cumulative experience of a technology and its cost. The objectives of this paper are to: (a) provide a conceptual review of learning curve model specifications; and (b) conduct a meta-analysis of wind power learning rates. This permits an assessment of a number of important specification and data issues that influence these learning rates. The econometric analysis builds on 113 estimates of the learning-by-doing rate presented in 35 studies. The meta-analy-sis indicates that the choice of the geographical domain of learning, and thus the assumed presence of learning spillovers, is an important determinant of wind power learning rates. We also find that the use of extended learning curve concepts, e.g., integrating public R&D effects, appears to result in lower learning rates than those generated by so-called single-factor learning curve studies. Overall the empirical findings suggest that future studies should pay increased attention to the issue of learning and knowledge spillovers in the renewable energy field, as well as to the interaction between technology learning and R&D efforts.

  • 10.
    Lindman, Åsa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Söderholm, Patrik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Lundmark, Robert
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Wind power innovation and policy in Europe: a patent data approach2012In: Proceedings of the 12th IAEE European Energy Conference: Energy challenge and environmental sustainability, International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) , 2012Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 11.
    Ranängen, Helena
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Business Administration and Industrial Engineering.
    Lindman, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    A path towards sustainability for the Nordic mining industry2017In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 151, p. 43-52Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The mining industry has a major impact on society - from an economic, environmental and social perspective and due to a vast number of criteria. Which criteria should be given priority depends on where the mining operations take place. This paper’s focus on the Nordic mining industry is partly due to the positive economic trend that the industry is currently experiencing and partly because very little research has been conducted on how the European mining industry addresses sustainability. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine the Nordic mining industry’s sustainability practices and to develop guidelines for such efforts.

    The research methods used in the study include a literature review, a content analysis of sustainability reports, a review of existing sustainability initiatives, guidelines and tools, a stakeholder survey and interviews with mining company officials. Based on the findings, sustainability criteria guidelines for the Nordic mining industry are suggested in the areas of corporate governance, fair operating practices, economic aspects, human rights, labour practices, society and the environment. The content of the guidelines is discussed in the light of the sustainability practices performed by the studied mining companies

  • 12.
    Ranängen, Helena
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Business Administration and Industrial Engineering.
    Lindman, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Exploring corporate social responsibility practice versus stakeholder interests in Nordic mining2018In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 197, no Part-1, p. 668-677Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Population growth, the speed of urbanization in Asia and the more sophisticated requirements of the developed world have led to an increased demand for metals. Sweden is currently one of the EU's leading producers of ores and metals and major investments have been made regarding exploration. Although mining activities may be good for the local economy, mining can also have a negative impact both on the local environment and society which have generated a significantly increased stakeholder pressure over the last twenty years. As a consequence, the mining industry wants to be in fore front when it comes to practicing corporate social responsibility (CSR) in order to obtain the social license to operate (SLO). The concept SLO is based on the idea that mining companies need not only government permission (or permits) but also "social permission" to conduct their business. The social license consists of different parts, depending on the conditions in place.This paper is focusing on the Nordic mining industry and its stakeholders with the purpose to explore if CSR practice actually complies with stakeholder interests. This study, based on a content analysis of sustainability reports and a stakeholder survey, indicates that the CSR practice do comply to some extent with stakeholder interests but that there are room for improvement regarding the respect for laws and regulations, anti-corruption, sustainable resource use and energy in particular, sustainable land use, sustainable transports and the recycling of metals.

  • 13.
    Ranängen, Helena
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Business Administration and Industrial Engineering.
    Lindman, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Walk the Talk: A Sustainability Management System for Social Acceptance in Nordic Mining2020In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 12, no 9, article id 3508Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The mining industry has experienced increased stakeholder pressure over the last decades, and the legitimacy of the mining industry and its place in society is sometimes questioned. On the other hand, high corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance can lead to an increased social acceptance, which in the end may give the mining company the social license to operate. This article focuses on stakeholder management within management system thinking in order to enhance the social acceptance for mining. The purpose is to describe a mining company’s existing stakeholder management practice and identify areas for improvement using established stakeholder management models to achieve an efficient and effective stakeholder management practice. The purpose is also to describe how conceptual sustainability management system (SMS) frameworks can be usefully applied and, more specifically, whether and how stakeholder management models and the concept of materiality analysis are useful for the planning step in an SMS for social acceptance. The findings show that the used SMS framework fits well in this context, and that a materiality analysis can beneficially be used for the ‘systemization of stakeholder demands’ in the planning step of an SMS.

  • 14.
    Ranängen, Helena
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Business Administration and Industrial Engineering.
    Lindman, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Ejdemo, Thomas
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Towards sustainability in Nordic Mining: A path towards sustainability for the Nordic mining industry2017Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Rapid global development has led to an increased demand for raw materials such as minerals and metals – a trend that has also benefited the Nordic mining industry. However, as there are economic, environmental and social challenges related to the extraction of minerals and metals, it is important to know which aspects to prioritise for sustainability purposes. Therefore, the aim of this project is to examine the Nordic mining industry’s sustainability practices and develop guidelines for its sustainability efforts. The analysed data includes a literature review, a review of mining company websites, an analysis of sustainability reports, a review of existing sustainability initiatives, a stakeholder survey and interviews with company officials. The study has resulted in sustainability criteria guidelines for the Nordic mining industry. The guidelines are divided into the following seven core subjects: corporate governance, fair operating practices, economic aspects, human rights, labour practices, society and the environment. Corporate governance is the framework for decision making within the company, the most important aspects of which are stakeholder management, respect for the rule of law, risk management and self-regulatory practices and management systems. Fair operating practices concern ethical conduct in a company’s relationships with other organisations, where anti-corruption, responsible political involvement, fair competition and responsible supply chain management should be prioritised. The economic dimension of sustainability concerns a company’s impact on the economic conditions of its stakeholders and economic systems at local, national and global levels. Economic performance includes direct economic value for society. In contrast, indirect economic values relate to investments and services that can have an impact on communities. Local procurement practices mean the purchase of local products and services. Human rights are the basic rights to which all human beings are entitled. The suggested sustainability criteria are non-discrimination, freedom of association and collective bargaining and indigenous rights. The labour practices of a company include all the policies and practices that relate to the work that is performed within, by or on behalf of the company, including sub-contract work. Here, the sustainability criteria to be given precedence are employment, training and education, occupational health and safety, diversity and equal opportunity, conditions of work and social protection and work-life balance.

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  • 15.
    Rathobei, Kabelo Esther
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Business Administration and Industrial Engineering.
    Ranängen, Helena
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Business Administration and Industrial Engineering.
    Lindman, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Social Sciences.
    Exploring broad value creation in mining - Corporate social responsibility and stakeholder management in practice2024In: The Extractive Industries and Society, ISSN 2214-790X, E-ISSN 2214-7918, Vol. 17, article id 101412Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In today's business landscape, corporate social responsibility is important as companies are expected to integrate social and environmental considerations into their operations and interactions with stakeholders. This involves adhering to codes of conduct, producing sustainability reports, and actively engaging with local communities. As a result, sustainable business models have gained prominence, focusing on societal concerns, environmental consciousness, and financial viability. While stakeholder management is recognized as vital in sustainable business models, there remains a gap in understanding how to implement stakeholder management within this business model effectively. This study uses sustainability reports from major mining and mineral firms to explore how stakeholder management practices might be used to benefit a wider variety of stakeholders. It provides information about stakeholder prioritisation, engagement, and sustainability communication strategies. While these companies attempt to address stakeholders' environmental and social concerns, the study recommends a proactive approach that widens stakeholder engagement, includes secondary stakeholders, leverages shared interests, and enhances stakeholder management reporting to maximize the impact of broad stakeholder value creation in sustainable business models to foster sustainable development.

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  • 16.
    Rathobei, Kabelo Esther
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Business Administration and Industrial Engineering.
    Ranängen, Helena
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Business Administration and Industrial Engineering.
    Lindman, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Social Sciences.
    Stakeholder integration in sustainable business models to enhance value delivery for a broader range of stakeholders2024In: Business Strategy and the Environment, ISSN 0964-4733, E-ISSN 1099-0836Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sustainable business models (SBMs) represent a contemporary approach seeking to deliver value to businesses and a wide range of stakeholders. This paper addresses the existing gap in practical guidance for businesses aiming to incorporate a wider range of stakeholders into their SBMs. To address the gap, a systematic review of academic literature and a review of mining company reports were conducted. The findings demonstrate that it is imperative to integrate stakeholders to achieve sustainability objectives, gain societal acceptance and foster legitimacy while maintaining alignment with stakeholders' concerns. To this end, the theoretical implication of this study lies in introducing a stakeholder integration model (SIM) that underscores the roles of identification, communication, knowledge sharing and continual improvement in achieving sustainability objectives and societal acceptance within SBMs. Practically, it addresses a gap by providing practical guidance for businesses to integrate stakeholders to manage risk, uncover value-creation opportunities and gain social acceptance.

  • 17.
    Sandberg, Erik
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Energy Science.
    Lindman, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Social Sciences.
    Krook-Riekkola, Anna
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Energy Science.
    Exploring the potential climate benefits of exporting bioplasticManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    By sharing their resources, individual countries could play an important role in supporting other countries ambition of reducing emissions. This study explores the costs and conditions for increased production and export of renewable olefins in Sweden while also reaching net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. We use the comprehensive energy system model TIMES-Sweden to generate a marginal cost curve and identify preferred technologies. The marginal cost curve is created by combining the cost of production for renewable olefins across 20 cases with successively increasing olefin export levels. The derived marginal cost curve for increased olefin production shows that using biomass in biorefineries and biogenic-CO2 in power-to-fuel concepts powered by wind power are the most competitive options for Sweden. A carbon fee on fossil plastic of 155-290 EUR/t CO2 can incentivize a production of 3.5 Mt renewable olefins in Sweden. At the same time, not recognising the potential negative emission contribution from carbon stored in plastic in combination with carbon removal credits provides a major policy uncertainty for increased production using biomass-based CO2. The required technology development for production of up to 8Mt renewable olefins imposes no new challenges to the energy system, they overlap with needs in other sectors. If high levels of olefin export are wanted, we urge policy makers to think bigger rather than different.

  • 18. von Below, David
    et al.
    Carlén, Björn
    Dahlqvist, Anna
    Jussila Hammes, Johanna
    Lindman, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Marklund, Pelle
    Otto, Vincent
    Miljö, ekonomi och politik2017Report (Other academic)
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  • 19. von Below, David
    et al.
    Carlén, Björn
    Dahlqvist, Anna
    Jussila Hammes, Johanna
    Lindman, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Marklund, Pelle
    Otto, Vincent
    Mandell, Svante
    Klimatpolitisk inventering: Del 22017Report (Other academic)
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