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  • 1.
    Berg, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Barry, JimLuleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.Piippola, SailaLuleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.Chandler, John
    Dilemmas of identity, new public management and governance: selected papers from the 11th international research conference, hosted by Luleå University of Technology, Department of human work science, Friday 31th August-Saturday 1st September 20072008Conference proceedings (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This Conference is organized jointly with Staffordshire University and the University of East London, and provides a forum for policy, organizational and critical sociological analyses of the human services including health, social services, housing, education and the voluntary sector. Although the theme of this year's conference concerned governance and new public management and its relationship to identities in the public and voluntary sectors, many of the papers focus on identities from different perspectives rather than having their focus on governance or new public management. It might be argued that governance and new public management have become a part of everyday life in these sectors, but the processes of change engendered raise important questions around issues of identities within human services, not least the degree to which they reflect, or conversely impact on, the discourses at work. As in the past, the aim is to provide a forum for both new and established researchers to share ideas in a supportive and scholarly environment. A wide range of contributions are encouraged, including country-specific and cross-cultural research.

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  • 2.
    Berg, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Piippola, Saila
    I skärningspunkten mellan det privata och offentliga: personlig assistans.1999In: Slutrapport för "Rehabilitering i hemmet": ett samverkansprojekt mellan Vårdhögskolan och Luleå tekniska universitet, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 1999, p. 28-38Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 3.
    Berg, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Piippola, Saila
    Knuffen: en utvärdering av ungdomsverksamhet i Kalix kommun 2000-20012001Report (Other academic)
  • 4.
    Chandler, John
    et al.
    University of East London.
    Barry, JimUniversity of East London.Berg, ElisabethLuleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.Piippola, Saila
    Dilemmas for Human Services: Papers from the 12th International Research Conference, 20082010Collection (editor) (Other academic)
  • 5.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Arbetsdelning och symboliskt kapital: en studie av den byråkratiska organisationsstrukturen och personlig assistans1999In: Kvinnor i organisationer: fem texter, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 1999, p. 39-50Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 6.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Arbetslinjen - social trygghet eller risk?2010In: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift, ISSN 1104-1420, E-ISSN 2003-5624, Vol. 17, no 3-4, p. 255-269Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Arbetslinjen ska uppmuntra till rörlighet på arbetsmarknaden för att säkra den sociala tryggheten och för att individen inte ska riskera utanförskap. I denna artikel analyseras kvinnors och mäns arbetslöshet i en social och regional kontext. Social trygghet, risk och vikten av sociala nätverk är centrala för analysen.

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  • 7.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Arbetslinjen: social trygghet eller risk?2011Conference paper (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 8.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Att vara sjuksköterska och gränsvandrare: språket exkluderar och begränsar handlingsutrymmen2003In: Kvinnoforskningsnytt : nyhetsblad från Centrum för kvinnoforskning, Luleå tekniska universitet, ISSN 1401-5390, no 2-3, p. 12-15Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Behind boundaries: about categorization, identity and unemployment2004Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 10.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Border crossers positioning themselves in the labour market2004In: Dilemmas in human services: a post NPM world? Ethics and risk in a changing environment / [ed] J. Radcliffe, Stoke-on-Trent: Staffordshire University Press , 2004, p. 103-107Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Boundless collaboration a question of diversity in social service2004In: Dilemmas i organizing globalizing human services?: 8th International research conference, Royal Holloway University of London 1-3 September 2004, 2004Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Changing discourse in rethinking identity2006Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 13.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Conflicting identities: gender and ethnicity in the workplace2008In: Violence and conflict: The 24th Conference of the Nordic Sociological Association, University of Aarhus, Denmark 14 -17 August 2008, University of Aarhus , 2008Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In times of changes on the labor market turns our attention to what is called globalization and political intentions where equal opportunities to be self supporting calls for further interests. In the light of a liberal labour market discourse supporting anyone to cross national borders to work, there still exists a hidden agenda in which inclusion- and exclusion processes are articulated. In this process work migrated woman's working conditions have so far received little scholarly attention. The aim with this paper is to emphasize the work situation among nurses from northern Finland in northern Swedish hospitals. This qualitative data is based on a total of 40 semi-structured in-depth interviews collected during 2001-2002.  This paper examines a work occupation traditionally dominated by women and the intersection where inclusion and exclusion processes are taking place. In summary crossing national borders is an option in contemporary society but can not bridge every difficulty encountered, such as language, lack of social network, family arrangements among single and coupled mothers.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 14.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Expectation and reality in a changed labourmarket2002Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 15.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Expectation and reality: patterns of action in a limited labour-market2004In: Dilemmas facing the public sector: issues for professionals, managers and users / [ed] Jim Barry; John Chandler, London: University of East London , 2004, p. 17-21Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 16.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Gränslöshetens baksida: om kön, identitet och arbetslöshet2004Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 17.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Gränsvandrare positionerar sig på arbetsmarknaden2003Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna avhandling är att beskriva vilka handlingsutrymmen kvinnor och män har när efterfrågan på den erfarenhet och utbildning, de har att erbjuda är begränsad och föga efterfrågad. Ett av regeringens mål är att alla ska försörja sig genom arbete. När möjligheterna på den lokala arbetsmarknaden är begränsade kan de alternativ som står till buds vara att utbilda sig, arbetspendla eller flytta. När förutsättningarna på arbetsmarknaden förändras får det också effekter på våra livsvillkor. Dessa förändringar är nära förbundna med vår självidentitet och präglas av kontinuitet och igenkännande, samt vår sociala position. I takt med internationella och strukturella förändringar blir arbetsmarknadens gränser flytande samtidigt som detta förutsätter framväxten av rörlighet och mobilitet på arbetsmarknaden. Centrala frågeställningar i denna studie är, vilka handlingsutrymmen har kvinnor och män i sökandet efter arbete? Vill kvinnor och män utbilda sig, flytta eller arbetspendla när arbetsmarknaden i den lokala miljön är begränsad? Vilka sociala faktorer blir avgörande för deras handlingar när målet är arbete? Den teoretiska positionen är i sig beroende av olika sociala kontexter men räknas till både poststrukturalistiska och senmoderna forskningstraditionen. Den gemensamma kärnan är att individer är aktiva reflekterande sociala aktörer, vilka faktiskt gör egna målrationella överväganden och val. Denna studie handlar om 6 arbetssökande kvinnor och män från Sverige och 12 arbetssökande sjuksköterskor från Finland i olika åldrar. I urvalet har eftersträvats olikheter vilket innebär att deltagarna har olika social bakgrund, olika ålder, utbildningsbakgrund, barn eller inga barn, civilstånd, arbetslivserfarenhet, nationellt ursprung vilket speglar en mångfald på arbetsmarknaden. Studien är kvalitativ och baseras på totalt 40 semistrukturerade djupintervjuer, deltagandeobservationer inklusive uppföljningsintervjuer. Detta innebär att de handlingsutrymmen kvinnorna och männen har speglar likheter och olikheter i hur de positionerar sig när målet är arbete. Studien har visat att utbildning har betydelse i sökandet efter arbete. Identiteten är väl förankrad i utbildning och erfarenhet, men överbrygger inte vilka svårigheter som helst, till exempel språk, traditioner eller avsaknad av sociala nätverk. Avsaknaden av utbildning begränsar handlingsutrymmen och binder människor till en lokal ort och leder också till ett större beroende av ett socialt nätverk. För män och kvinnor utan barn finns ett större handlingsutrymme. För kvinnornas del begränsades deras handlingsutrymmen när de har barn. Det ställer större krav på arrangemang vilka var avhängiga av ett socialt nätverk. Studien har dock visat att gränsvandring är en möjlighet i dagens samhälle.

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  • 18.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Gränsvandrare positionerar sig på arbetsmarknaden: handlingsutrymmen för arbetssökande på arbetsmarknaden2003Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 19.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Humans and technology.
    ICT Sectors In Northernmost Sweden2020In: Academic employment inthe ICT sectors in the ArcticNorth: perspectives on segregation, gender equality and diversity and ways forward to more sustainable futures / [ed] Kanako Uzawa, University of Oulu, 2020, p. 17-22Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 20.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Kvinna och innovatör: en utvärdering av projektet Kvinnliga idébärare2006Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna utvärdering av projektet Kvinnliga idébärare är att undersöka om projektet har inspirerat och stöttat kvinnor i Norrbotten att utveckla sina idéer till nya innovationer. Uppnår projektet rätt målgrupp? Finns behov av särskilt riktade satsningar för kvinnors innovationer i Norrbotten? Har projektets utfall bidragit till ökad regional tillväxt? Projektet Kvinnliga idébärare har som syfte att inspirera och stötta kvinnor i Norrbotten att utveckla sina idéer till nya innovationer. Ett delsyfte är att gynna innovationsklimatet så att projektet kan ses som både ett jämställdhetsprojekt och en viktig samhällsekonomisk process för tillväxt. Projektet Kvinnliga idébärare är ett förändringsarbete och ett utvecklingsprojekt genom dess ambition att verka för jämlikhet mellan kvinnor och män. Projektet är ett EU finansierat projekt där övriga finansiärer är Länsstyrelsen i Norrbottens län, Norrbottens Läns Landsting, Nutek, Stiftelsen Innovationscentrum (SIC) samt kommunerna Luleå, Jokkmokk, Kiruna, Pajala och Älvsbyn. Projektets uppdrag är att inspirera, informera och medverka till att främst kvinnors idéer utvecklas till nya kommersiella produkter och tjänster. Projektet ska vara en plattform för att stödja idébärarna under hela processen från en konkret problemformulering till en väl genomtänkt idé fram till marknaden. Projektet har pågått under tiden december 2002 till och med februari 2006 och har idag cirka 120 kvinnor men även några män inskrivna i projektet. Av dessa är mellan 50-60 kvinnor aktiva med eget idéutvecklingsarbete. Projektet har hittills resulterat i cirka 15 färdiga produkter av vilka några redan är ute på marknaden och andra är på väg ut på marknaden. Utvärderingens upplägg är; Del I utgör en teoretisk referensram som intervjuerna tolkats från. Del II beskriver sammanlagt sju intervjuer, två av dessa är nyckelpersoner inom projektet, de övriga fem intervjuerna är kvinnor som ingår i projektets målgrupp. Del III avslutningsvis tar upp reflektioner och slutsatser. Centrala inslag i projektet Kvinnliga idébärare är jämlikhet, utveckling och förändring vilket handlar om att bryta mönster inom den traditionellt mansdominerade innovationsbranschen. Innovationer utvecklas i växelverkan mellan olika aktörer vilket bidrar till inne- och uteslutningsmekanismer vilka både möjliggör och begränsar tillväxt och jämlikhet. Den samlade bedömningen är att projektet har påbörjat inbrytningar i könsmärkta strukturer men behöver fortsätta verka för att det hittills lyckade arbetet ska få långsiktiga effekter. Projektets arbetsmetod för genusintegrering har visat sig vara en bra och lämplig metod för att synliggöra och stötta kvinnor i innovationsprocessen. Projektet Kvinnliga idébärare har bidragit till tillväxt genom att företag startats på kvinnors innovationer. Slutligen har projektet synliggjort att det finns ett behov av en organiserad verksamhet för att stötta både kvinnor och män i innovationsprocessen, men det förutsätter ett organiserat stöd som arrangerar kontinuerliga träffar och synliggör kvinnors innovationer.

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  • 21.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Liva-projektet: en utvärdering av jämställdhets- och etnicitetsarbete vid Sif2006Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Det övergripande syftet med utvärderingen är att bidra till ökade kunskaper kring lärande av jämställdhets- och etniskt mångfaldsprojekt - Liva projektet ("Lika värda - ett bra arbetsliv") och dess implementering i Sifs organisation. Projektets målsättning är att verka för strukturella förändringar i sättet att organisera arbetet så att jämställdhet och etnisk mångfald befrämjas för att på sikt genomsyra alla nivåer i Sif;s organisation, såväl bland medlemmar som förtroendevalda och anställda. Syftet med LIVA-projektet är att höja kompetensen bland Sifs anställda och förtroendevalda i frågor om jämställdhet- och etnisk mångfald. Majoriteten vid avdelningarna speglar också strukturerna i organisationen, de etablerade normer och arbetsrutiner som tillämpas i organisationen avgör vem som har tolkningsföreträde och är en del av den rådande diskursen i organisationen. Projektet har kommit att synliggöra värderingar inom den egna organisationskulturen, där olikheter görs till en normaliserad praxis. Det vill säga hur lärandet på olika nivåer i organisationen möter motstånd och därigenom bidrar till att reproducera lärandet i de redan befintliga strukturerna. Andra begränsande faktorer har varit förekomsten av parallella projekt samtidigt i en organisation vilket har också bidragit till att begränsa Liva projektets intentioner. Detta innebär att pågående parallella processer i organisationen i vissa fall kan komplettera varandra men de kan också leda till konkurrens mellan projekten och projektgrupperna Helhetsbedömningen är att lärandet ägt rum både på kollektiv och individuell nivå. Liva projektet har medvetandegjort diskrimineringsfrågornas komplexitet i organisationen samtidigt som projektet synliggjort svårigheterna i att bryta ny mark i gamla strukturer.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 22.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Humans and technology.
    Mobility in the Arctic North: Labour market perspectives in the Northern most north2020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Nordic countries faces major challenges to manage skills shortage in the labour markets. Demographic change and young people moving out contribute to an imbalance in the labour markets in the northern most north. A common Nordic labour market, with its cross-border mobility, shows that there is an extended labour market in the northern most Arctic region. This also means that if there is no available work in the local labour market, there might be an opportunity to work across the border in the neighbouring country. The common Nordic labour market has its own agreements and regulations for Nordic citizens and has roots reaching back to 1954. The revision of these regulations is a work in progress designed to facilitate cross-border mobility. From a Nordic context, the challenges presented by the common labour market relate both to the demographic character and the depopulation of the northern most peripheral regions. The biggest threat is the out-migration of young people, but challenges are also closely related to a segregated labour market.

    This report is a part of the project Academic (Un) employment and Mobility in the Arctic North – A Joint Socially Responsible Approach (Academic North). The project is financed by Interreg Nord, Region Norrbotten and Lapin Liitto, and is a collaboration between Oulu University, Luleå University of Technology and the University of Tromsø. Data collection is based on available statistics and peer-reviewed publications on labour market mobility in the northern most region in Finland, Sweden and Norway.

    This report has shown that there is a lack of official statistics about cross-border mobility in the three northern most regions studied in Finland, Sweden and Norway. Our findings have shown that knowledge about cross-border mobility is largely based on local knowledge, which makes this region even more visible as its own extended labour market. Experiences from this project shows that there still exist obstacles with cross-border mobility, even when working from distance in another Nordic country. This project, as well as the collaboration between the Nordic countries, also shows the importance of collaboration between the Arctic Five (Arctic5) universities in attracting and maintaining competence in the region.

  • 23.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    På gränsen: en utvärdering av HelaProjektet i Haparanda kommun: slutrapport2005Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 24.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Rethinking identity: crossing national borders2006In: 23rd Nordic sociological congress / 23e Nordiska sociologkongressen: Turku, Finland 18-20 august 2006, Nordic sociological association , 2006Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 25.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Rethinking Identity: Crossing National Borders2006In: The Quality of Social Existence in a Globalising World: XVI International Sociological Association (ISA) World Congress of Sociology held in Durban, South Africa, 23-29 July 2006, International Sociological Association , 2006Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim with this paper is to explore the impact of nationality & citizenship in social movements cross borders. The qualitative data is based on a total of 40 semi-structured in-depth interviews & follow up interviews. The previous study published 2003 was designed to explore the scope of action among unemployed nurses & social movements between two nations, north part of Finland & north part of Sweden when the goal was a job. Results from my previous work showed that crossing boundaries is an option in contemporary society among diasporas experiences both single & coupled mothers, but can not bridge every difficulty encountered, such as language, the lack of a social network, & family arrangements. The concept of identity is frequently used in social sciences but is still unclear & ambiguous. This data is unique because it allows us to rethink identity & its connection to nationality & citizenship in borderlands. This study expands our understanding of identity & social movements cross national borders. The results show how national identity becomes the dominant discourse over cultural identity.

  • 26.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Rethinking identity in crossing national borders: the case of recruited nurses from Finland in Sweden2007In: Ny migration och etnicitet i norden, Åbo: Åbo Akademi University Press, 2007, p. 85-98Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim with this paper is to explore the impact of nationality and citizenship in social movements cross borders. The qualitative data is based on a total of 40 semi-structured in-depth interviews and follow up interviews. The previous study published 2003 was designed to explore the scope of action among unemployed nurses and social movements between two nations, north part of Finland and north part of Sweden when the goal was a job. Results from my previous work showed that crossing boundaries is an option in contemporary society among diasporas experiences both single and coupled mothers, but can not bridge every difficulty encountered, such as language, the lack of a social network, and family arrangements. The concept of identity is frequently used in social sciences but is still unclear and ambiguous. This data is unique because it allows us to rethink identity and its connection to nationality and citizenship in borderlands. This study expands our understanding of identity and social movements cross national borders. The result shows how national identity becomes the dominant discourse over cultural identity.

  • 27.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    The line of demarcation between the private and public spheres: the personal assistant, a profession on the boundary between private and public activities1999Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 28.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Understanding work mobility among women: the case of nurses from north part of Finland in north part of Sweden2006Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 29.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Visible and invisible borders producing regional identities2008In: MMWW08: 10th international interdisciplinary congress of womens, mundos de mujeres/Women's world 2008 : Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid (España) 3 - 9 July, 2008, Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 2008Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper examines identities in women's labour migration, and seeks to uncover some of the mechanisms by which they are identified and reproduced in a regional territory viewed in a Nordic context. One key question is how identities and gender are operating in the perspective of women's work migration? A common perspective among social scientists in general is concerned with work migration paying focal attention to Diaspora cultures and transnationality. In contrast I suggest that work migration, gender and identity can be understood in its very context of a regional territory. By using an intersectional approach as analytical tool I suggest it is possible to expand our understanding of identity formation and work migration by focusing different social contexts. Drawing on evidence from qualitative data collected 2001 and 2002 in total of 24 interviews with work migrated nurses from north part of Finland to north part of Sweden, this paper indicates that ones identity as skilled labour power contributes to the decision to migrate, but cannot bridge every difficulty encountered such as symbolic and social boundaries when crossing national borders. This article argues that symbolic and social boundaries are not necessarily constructed around nationality (or a national community) as some scientists maintain, symbolic boundaries are rather constructed around symbolical meanings (including and excluding mechanisms) which becomes visible markers of an existing regional identity.

  • 30.
    Piippola, Saila
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Vuxenutbildning alternativt arbetslöshet ur ett könsperspektiv1998Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 31.
    Piippola, Saila
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Berg, Elisabeth
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Barry, Jim
    University of East London.
    Chandler, John
    University of East London.
    Exploring intersectionality in context: gender, ethnicity and class2009Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Intersectionality has become an object of considerable interest as an analytical tool for feminist and ethnicity scholars who use it to theorize identity and oppression (or inclusion - and exclusion processes).  Yet intersectionality, as an analytical tool, has become criticised for its lack of clear definition or defined methodology, the difficulty of operationalisation, the use of black/Asian women as typical intersectional subjects and its doubtful empirical validity. Furthermore, gender and ‘race'/ethnicity, as well as the concept of social class, are all problematic concepts and any theorising or empirical work making use of them faces the difficulty of their meaning potentially shifting in different social contexts. For theorists of gender and class politics one or other of these dimensions of inequality has tended to be taken as primary, depending on the starting point of the theorist. If writing in the tradition of labour process theory, for example, social class has been taken as the framework within which gender is considered, even if there are different schools at work within the labour process approach. The same applies for theorists of gender who tend to analyse social class from one of a number of feminist perspectives. Intersectionality, on the other hand, suggests that speaking of gender apart form social class, as well as race/ethnicity and other such ‘divisions', distorts analysis. This is because there is no such thing as gender which stands apart from other dimensions such as ethnicity and social class, just as there is no such thing as ‘race' devoid of gender and social class, and no such thing as class apart from gender and ‘race'. Seen from this perspective, ignoring the intersectional nature of these seemingly different levels of analysis suggests that we systematically overlook aspects of experience. The notion of intersectionality grew out of recognition that social structures intersect to shape social positions. This assumes that social positions and corresponding social groups are created and delineated by social structures such as norms, laws, institutions and traditions that intersect. Intersectionality has been very important in pointing out the limitations of existing theoretical approaches to gender analysis, and in explaining the political benefits of organizing intersectionally marginalized groups. Intersectionality has also been helpful in showing how thinking in terms of gender analyses that seek simply to add on dimensions such as social class and race/ethnicity are incomplete and obscure the experiences of women at the intersection of these social relations. Yet intersectionality can, it seems, to lead to an infinite regress, a non-ending process of splitting social relations until one is left with nought but individuals.  The empirical focus of this article is a group of nurses from Finland who migrated to Sweden to secure employment in their chosen occupation. With the exception of one man, the nurses were all women. The paper explores the utility of an intersectional analysis in examining the interplay of gender, ethnicity and class in order to understand the experience of these people as it unfolded in context, or location.(493 words)

    Indicative bibliography

    Acker, J. (2006) Class Questions: Feminist Answers. Lanhan, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Alcoff, L. (1988) Cultural feminism versus Post-Structuralism: The Identity Crisis in Feminist Theory. Signs, 13, 3, 405-436.Alcoff, L. and Mendieta, E. (2006) Identities - Race, Class, and Nationality. Oxford: Blackwell.Crenshaw, K. (1994) Intersectionality and Identity Politics: Learning from Violence against Women of Color". In Albertson Fineman M and Mykitiuk R (Eds) The Public nature of Violence (178-193). New York: Routledge.De los Reyes, P., Mulinari, D. (2005) Intersektionalitet; kritiska reflektioner över (o)jämlikhetens landskap. Lund: Liber.Lykke, N. (2003) Intersektionalitet - ett användbart begrepp för genusforskningen, Kvinnovetenskaplig tidskrift, 1, 45-57.Lykke, N. (2005) Nya perspektiv på intersektionalitet. Problem och Möjligheter, Kvinnovetenskaplig tidskrift, 2-3, 7-17.McCall, L. (2005) Inersektionalitetens komplexitet. Kvinnovetenskaplig tidskrift, 45, 2/3, 31-56.Nash, J. C. (2008) Re-thinking Intersectionality, Feminist Review, 89, 1-15.Nicholson,  L. (1990) (Ed) Feminism/Postmodernism. New York: Routledge.Phoenix, A. (2006) Interrogating intersectionality: Productive ways of theorising multiple positioning. Kvinder, Kön og Forskning, 2-3.Yuval-Davis, N. (1997) Gender and Nation. London: Sage.Yuval-Davis, N. (2006) Intersectionality and Feminist Politics. European Journal of Women's Studies, 13, 3, 193-2009.

  • 32.
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    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
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  • 33.
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    et al.
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