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  • 1.
    Al-Douri, Yamur K.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    A critical review of Information Assurance (IA) framework forcondition-based maintenance of railway tracks2017Inngår i: Risk, Reliability and Safety: Innovating Theory and Practice - Proceedings of the 26th European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2016 / [ed] Walls L.,Revie M.,Bedford T, London: CRC Press, 2017, s. 1072-1078Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Railway maintenance is faced with increasing demands, including the need to improve service.Data measuring the track state and suitable models or applications are needed to make good maintenancedecisions. This critical review paper investigates many research papers on the use of information assurance (IA)within condition-based maintenance (CBM) on a railway track. An IA framework sheds light on the data andinformation used to make maintenance decisions. The paper considers work on data processing and decisionmakingin CBM. The results show condition monitoring suffers from an inability to determine exact positioningon the track; some data are inaccurate or unavailable. Existing studies have not adequately dealt with data contentor the various technologies used. They focus on integrity, availability, authentication, authorisation and accuracy,but do not consider other IA principles important to understand data.CBMmodels and algorithms have difficultyunderstanding degradation models, and data problems mean it is difficult to make good decisions. There is alack of long term maintenance plans. Models also need to be integrated for more realistic but not necessarilyoptimum solutions and to ensure practical predictions of maintenance. Some models focus on degradation, othersconsider prediction, and still others calculate the maintenance cost; it is difficult to combine these. Overall, dataare inaccurate, there is no testing phase using realistic data, and existing models are insufficient. This has anegative impact on maintenance decisions.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    A review paper
  • 2.
    Al-Douri, Yamur K.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Karim, Ramin
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Improvement of Railway Performance: A Study of Swedish Railway Infrastructure2016Inngår i: Journal of Modern Transportation, ISSN 2095-087X, E-ISSN 2196-0577, Vol. 24, nr 1, s. 22-37, artikkel-id 2Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The volume of rail traffic was increased by 5% from 2006 to 2010, in Sweden, due to increased goods and passenger traffic. This increased traffic, in turn, has led to a more rapid degradation of the railway track, which has resulted in higher maintenance costs. In general, degradation affects comfort, safety, and track quality, as well as, reliability, availability, speed, and overall railway performance. This case study investigated the needs of railway stakeholders responsible for analysing the track state and what information is necessary to make good maintenance decisions. The goal is to improve the railway track performance by ensuring increased availability, reliability, and safety, along with a decreased maintenance cost. Interviews of eight experts were undertaken to learn of general areas in need of improvement, and a quantitative analysis of condition monitoring data was conducted to find more specific information. The results show that by implementing a long-term maintenance strategy and by conducting preventive maintenance actions maintenance costs would be reduced. In addition to that, problems with measured data, missing data, and incorrect location data resulted in increased and unnecessary maintenance tasks. The conclusions show that proactive solutions are needed to reach the desired goals of improved safety, improved availability and improved reliability. This also includes the development of a visualisation tool and a life cycle cost model for maintenance strategies.

  • 3.
    Al-Jumaili, Mustafa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Karim, Ramin
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Data quality assessment using multi-attribute: maintenance perspective2018Inngår i: International Journal of Information and Decision Sciences, ISSN 1756-7017, E-ISSN 1756-7025, Vol. 10, nr 2, s. 147-161Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper proposes a model for data quality (DQ) assessment in maintenance. Data has become an increasingly important since most of the maintenance planning and implementations are based on data analysis. Poor DQ reduces customer satisfaction, leading to poor decision making, and has negative impacts on strategy execution. To improve DQ as well as to evaluate the current status, DQ needs to be measured. A measure for DQ could be an important support for decision makers. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods can provide a framework for DQ assessment, however, they are not used in literature for DQ assessment. In order to assess DQ, the attributes or KPIs need to be defined, their hierarchy should be designed and the assessment model is proposed to evaluate these attributes. A case study is also presented in this paper. The study shows that MCDM methods could provide qualitative estimation for the quality of DQ attributes.

  • 4.
    Aljumaili, Mustafa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Karim, Ramin
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Metadata-Based Data Quality Assessment2016Inngår i: VINE: Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, ISSN 2059-5891, Vol. 46, nr 2, s. 232-250Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    High quality data and data quality assessment can support the decision-makingprocess. In the literature, discussions of the assessment process are mainly focused on theoretical approaches to content analysis or on user evaluations. Metadata is important source for quality information in any database system, however, it is not considered for data quality assessment. Metadata contains information that describes the data in a database, including the constraints and the database schema. High quality data can be produced by designing a database system with accurate metadata descriptions. Having accurate and detailed metadata will reduce the errors in data values which can lead to data quality issues. In this study, data quality assessment model is proposed based on both content and metadata analysis. The model is validated by developing an application tool to assess the quality of the data in a database based on the proposed model. The results show that metadata can provide important information about the quality of the database and its adoption can help togive faster, more accurate and user independent assessment of data quality.

  • 5.
    Al-Jumaili, Mustafa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Karim, Ramin
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Multi-Criteria Data Quality Assessment Maintenance perspective2014Inngår i: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop and congress on eMaintenance: June 17-18 Luleå, Sweden : eMaintenance, Trends in technologies & methodologies, challenges, possibilites and applications / [ed] Uday Kumar; Ramin Karim; Aditya Parida; Philip Tretten, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2014, s. 153-158Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Data quality (DQ) in maintenance has become an increasinglyimportant aspect to many firms as most of the maintenanceplanning and implementations are based on data analysis. PoorDQ has adverse effects at the operational, tactical, and strategiclevels of any organization. Respectively, poor DQ reducescustomer satisfaction, leading to poor decision making, and hasnegative impacts on strategy execution. To improve DQ as well asto evaluate the current status, DQ need to be measured followingthe fact that only what can be measured can be improved. Ameasure for DQ could be an important support for decisionmakers. In order to assess DQ, related attributes should bedefined. These attributes could be related to the data itself, to themetadata, or to the data representation schemes. After definingthese attributes, an assessment model should be used to evaluatethese attributes. The purpose of this paper is to propose a modelfor DQ assessment. Therefore, a study of DQ attributes and thepossible metrics that could be used to measure these attributes wasundertaken. The proposed model will be applied on datasetprovided by the Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket)for validation and to find an estimation measure of the DQ.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 6.
    Aljumaili, Mustafa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Karim, Ramin
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Quality of Streaming Data in Condition Monitoring Using ISO 80002016Inngår i: Current Trends in Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety: An Industry Perspective / [ed] Uday Kumar; Alireza Ahmadi; Ajit Kumar Verma; Prabhakar Varde, Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag, 2016, s. 703-715Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this paper is to propose a Data Quality Measurement Model based on ISO 8000 standard. This paper deals about the concepts implied in the measurement process, not about the measures themselves. Poor quality information causes customer dissatisfaction, lost revenue and higher costs associated with additional time to reconcile information. An understanding of the characteristics of the data that determine its quality, and an ability to measure, manage and report on data quality is required. Measurement is a major activity in data quality management. In literature, there are many proposals contributing somehow to the measurement of data quality. However, these measurement methods lack the unification. ISO 8000 provides a framework for improving data quality that can be used independently or in conjunction with quality management systems. ISO 8000 defines characteristics that can be tested by any organization in the data supply chain to objectively determine conformance of the data to ISO 8000.

  • 7.
    Al-Jumaili, Mustafa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Rauhala, Ville
    Kemi-Tornio University of Applied Science Technology, Kemi, Finland.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Karim, Ramin
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Data quality in eMaintenance: a call for research2011Inngår i: MPMM 2011: Maintenance Performance Measurement & Management: Conference Proceedings / [ed] Diego Galar; Aditya Parida; Håkan Schunnesson; Uday Kumar, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2011, s. 69-73Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Effective and efficient maintenance requires a proper information logistics, which can be delivered through eMaintenance solutions. Development of eMaintenance solutions faces extensive challenges. One of these challenges is how to ensure the quality of data used in different eMaintenance solutions. Data Quality (DQ) concerns all phases of the maintenance process. The purpose of this paper is to answer the research question: how should DQ be considered and managed when developing eMaintenance solutions. To deal with such challenges a case study was conducted at a mining company. Empirical data has been collected through interviews, observations, archival records and workshops. The data analysis has been based on an empirical framework that supports the identification of required information services. Conditions that support the DQ and the information logistics, along with that, support the maintenance process have been presented. These aspects have also been related to the phases of a generic maintenance process.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 8.
    Al-Jumaili, Mustafa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Karim, Ramin
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Kumar, Uday
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Study of aspects of data quality in e-maintenance2012Inngår i: International Journal of COMADEM, ISSN 1363-7681, Vol. 15, nr 4, s. 3-14Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 9.
    Aljumaili, Mustafa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Wandt, Karina
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Karim, Ramin
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    eMaintenance Ontologies for Data Quality Support2015Inngår i: Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, ISSN 1355-2511, E-ISSN 1758-7832, Vol. 21, nr 3, s. 358-374Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the main ontologies related to eMaintenance solutions and to study their application area. The advantages of using these ontologies to improve and control data quality will be investigated.

    Design/methodology/approach – A literature study has been done to explore the eMaintenance ontologies in the different areas. These ontologies are mainly related to content structure and communication interface. Then, ontologies will be linked to each step of the data production process in maintenance.

    Findings – The findings suggest that eMaintenance ontologies can help to produce a high quality data in maintenance. The suggested maintenance data production process may help to control data quality. Using these ontologies in every step of the process may help to provide management tools to provide high quality data.

    Research limitations/implications – Based on this study, it can be concluded that further research could broaden the investigation to identify more eMaintenance ontologies. Moreover, studying these ontologies in more technical details may help to increase the understandability and the use of these standards.

    Practical implications – It has been concluded in this study that applying eMaintenance ontologies by companies needs additional cost and time. Also the lack or the ineffective use of eMaintenance tools in many enterprises is one of the limitations for using these ontologies.

    Originality/value – Investigating eMaintenance ontologies and connecting them to maintenance data production is important to control and manage the data quality in maintenance.

  • 10.
    Berglund, Anders
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Innovation och Design.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Development of the systematic grading procedure2011Inngår i: Design education for creativity and business innovation: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education / [ed] Ahmed Kovacevic, Glasgow: Design Research Society, 2011, s. 293-298Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A challenge in design education is the grading of students work when the task is based upon the student’s ability to show applied knowledge. Due to this difficulty the grading criteria needs to be and is most often subjectively focused. As previous research has shown the assessments can vary between teachers, thus, increasing the chance for varied and possibly improper scores. Much has to do with the level of experience and knowledge a particular teacher has and the individual preferences to which parameters make a good picture or animation. The Systematic Grading Procedure (SGP) is a method in which an assignment is broken down and the task is graded depending upon the assessment areas. The aim of this paper is to validate the SGP as a grading method for teachers in 3D modeling and 3D-visualisation and further develop the SGP as an assessment tool for lesser-experienced teachers. The SGP has previously shown to be helpful in giving and receiving feedback. Previous work did not show significant differences between SGP and the commonly used methods but this more extensive study did show that the SGP did significantly help reduce the variation in grading for both experienced 3D teachers and inexperienced 3D teachers but not for non-teachers. There seems to be a good potential for the SGP method to help teachers give more consistent grades and at the same time help students through feedback which helps both by helping them with a better understanding of the grading methods and measures.

  • 11.
    Berglund, Anders
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Innovation och Design.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Systematic grading procedure based on subjective values2010Inngår i: When design education and design research meet-: proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim, Norway, 2nd-3rd September 2010 / [ed] Casper Boks, Glasgow: Design Research Society, 2010Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In Design education there can be a challenge in grading students when the task is based upon the student's ability to learn new knowledge and apply it. Thus the grading criteria needs to be and is most often subjectively focused. For example, one requirement is that, "the object should have realistic lighting". Since there is no way to, with absolute values, measure whether an image has realistic lighting, the teacher's subjective values are the base for assessment and the student's score. An observed result is that these types of assessments can vary between teachers, thus, increasing the chance for varied and possibly improper scores. Much has to do with the level of experience and knowledge a particular teacher has and the individual differences to which parameters make a good picture or animation. It is also true that two different teachers can find separate items in student's work that are praiseworthy. This paper proposes that it is possible to systematize the evaluation process with a weighting method. A Systematic Grading Procedure (SGP) can be used in design projects to separate and weigh design criteria against each other without losing the overall picture of the work. This method will be tested to see if it can help teachers in grading students more accurately.In Design education there can be a challenge in grading students when the task is based upon the student's ability to learn new knowledge and apply it. Thus the grading criteria needs to be and is most often subjectively focused. For example, one requirement is that, "the object should have realistic lighting". Since there is no way to, with absolute values, measure whether an image has realistic lighting, the teacher's subjective values are the base for assessment and the student's score. An observed result is that these types of assessments can vary between teachers, thus, increasing the chance for varied and possibly improper scores. Much has to do with the level of experience and knowledge a particular teacher has and the individual differences to which parameters make a good picture or animation. It is also true that two different teachers can find separate items in student's work that are praiseworthy. This paper proposes that it is possible to systematize the evaluation process with a weighting method. A Systematic Grading Procedure (SGP) can be used in design projects to separate and weigh design criteria against each other without losing the overall picture of the work. This method will be tested to see if it can help teachers in grading students more accurately.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 12.
    Berglund, Anders
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Innovation och Design.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Who wins from academic consulting2013Inngår i: Design Education-Growing Our Future: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&pde13, Glasgow: The Design Society Institution of Engineering Designers , 2013, s. 82-87Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    University teachers who start teaching right after graduation have not used and developed their knowledge professionally thus they have never had the opportunity to test their acquired knowledge in practice. This results in teaching that tends to be heavily theoretical because the teacher teaches what he/she has learned in studies, instead of teaching the knowledge gained through professional experience. Unfortunately a teacher can feel insecure when not knowing if their teaching reflects currently used methods and/or appropriate tools. An effect of this can be that teachers who feel insufficient in their role as teachers. The aim of this paper is to see if academic consulting not only increases the practical experience of the teacher, but also helps the teacher in their role and gives them a better understanding of what the state of the art is. While some schools have some cooperation with the business community, both in student projects and research projects, although it is not common with external non-research consultation projects, which are conducted by the university teachers. A questionnaire was sent to both teachers and students’ asking them of their experience of academic consulting’s benefits to the classroom experience. As a follow-up were several interviewed, along with clients to gain more insight. The results showed that teachers, students and the clients benefited from these types of projects.

  • 13.
    Berglund, Anders
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Innovation och Design.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Håkansson, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Innovation och Design.
    A systematic self-assessment tool2012Inngår i: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education: Design Education for Future Wellbeing, EPDE 2012, 2012, s. 311-316Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The Bologna Process has led to fundamental changes in the way students are taught. This in turn has led to new quality assurance systems for teaching. For good outcomes to occur both the teachers and students need to be aware of the intended learning outcome (ILO) and this is made clearer by well defined Teacher/Learner Activities (TLAs). The Systematic Grading Procedure (SGP) has been shown to assist teachers grading student’s 3D-image work, fulfilling a need for assistance in subjects requiring grading of subjective nature. With the application of this method have both teachers and students been given a tool that helps them better understand the grading process and the level of importance of different parts of the 3D work. The aim of this study was to assess students’ learning outcomes. The SGP was used and compared by both teachers and students in assessing their own work. This study used four students who were introduced to the SGP at the introduction of the course. This was done to give then an idea how they are to understand the ILOs. After one of their assignments was graded the students were given an opportunity to improve their work using the SPG. Three of the four choose to improve their work. The ensuing interview and results showed that the SGP could be used as a tool to help students and teachers with the ILO and TLAs. In addition to that the SGP should further be tested for verification.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 14.
    Berglund, Anders
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Innovation och Design.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Högström, Per
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, Pedagogik, språk och Ämnesdidaktik.
    Is video feedback in higher education worth a byte?2015Inngår i: Great Expectations: Design Teaching, Research & Enterprise: Design Teaching, Research & Enterprise - Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&PDE15) / [ed] Ahmed Kovacevic ; Guy Bingham; Brian Parkinsson, Glasgow: The Design Society Institution of Engineering Designers , 2015, s. 258-263Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Feedback can be given in various situations, like after examinations, project work, and course completion. It is widely accepted that feedback is important for students’ learning, and it can be used in various ways, such as, written, face-to-face, and with the assistance of video recordings. This study focuses on the use of video recorded feedback to gather knowledge on how video recorded feedback can enhance the students learning. Since feedback in the study was given in video recordings, an alternate way was introduced, which add further insights for teaching and learning at university levels. The results showed that 94% preferred video recorded feedback over written feedback and they, in general, preferred face to face feedback (59%). Although, follow-up questions showed that the students found the recorded option beneficial since they could review the video several times in order to see and hear exactly what was stated and what part of their work it related to. In conclusion, video feedback of student work was perceived to be beneficial and the students and the teacher positively accepted it.

  • 15.
    Compierchio, Angelo
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Human Factors Evaluation of Shared Real and Virtual Environments2022Inngår i: Human Interaction, Emerging Technologies and Future Systems V: Proceedings of the 5th International Virtual Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies, IHIET 2021, August 27-29, 2021 and the 6th IHIET: Future Systems (IHIET-FS 2021), October 28-30, 2021, France / [ed] Tareq Ahram; Redha Taiar, Springer, 2022, s. 745-751Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The increased pace of adopting virtual reality (VR) technology in the digital age as a new way of communication, enabled the decision-making concept to evolve in environments influenced by improved technologies and operational processes. Human Factors pertinent to team members sharing a real and a virtual environment (VE) have been examined by capturing the interaction capabilities to gain and maintain individual situation awareness (SA) impacting the team SA level. This baseline has been explored with a Joint Cognitive System foundation and integrated in a modified cyclical model with different modes to measure the level of immersion required for achieving higher levels of SA. In addition, a modified Observe, Orient, Decide and Act (OODA) model is introduced to address how information is collected, processed, and conveyed through the interchange of individual and shared mental models of one user immersed in the real world and one user immersed in virtual reality. 

  • 16.
    Compierchio, Angelo
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Quantum Reality Perspectives in Dyadic Interactions2022Inngår i: Human Interaction & Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2022): Artificial Intelligence & Future Applications / [ed] Tareq Ahram, Redha Taiar, AHFE Open Access , 2022, Vol. 68, s. 510-517Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A Virtual Reality (VR) system is introduced in a modified Observe, Orient, Decide and Act (OODA) model for supporting information sharing and situational awareness in a complex environment. At the same time the cooperation and interaction with technical systems provided organizational process support, guidance, and monitoring of system critical functions.The OODA-VR combination enabled bringing together theoretical discussion and practicality responses in dyadic interactions. With the integration of simulation and reality metaphors the reasoning process takes advantage of environmental and cognitive knowledge constructed from complexity tasks. From an interaction viewpoint a more holistic view has been performed in relation to the problem space to articulate the thinking and decision-making process.The provision of the VR interaction capability has been extended to reshape quantum formalism and reality and complement the measurement collapse theory. This baseline has been explored through the Theory of Decoherence and Everettian quantum mechanics representing different measurements outcomes on a system.

  • 17.
    Compierchio, Angelo
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, Människa och teknik.
    Illankoon, Prasanna
    University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka.
    A Neuroergonomics Mirror-Based Platform to Mitigate Cognitive Impairments in Fighter Pilots2024Inngår i: International Congress and Workshop on Industrial AI and eMaintenance 2023 / [ed] Uday Kumar; Ramin Karim; Diego Galar; Ravdeep Kour, Springer Nature, 2024, s. 31-43Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 18.
    Compierchio, Angelo
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Illankoon, Prasanna
    University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka.
    Augment-Me: An Approach for Enhancing Pilot’s Helmet-Mounted Display Visualization for Tactical Combat Effectiveness and Survivability2023Inngår i: Applications of Augmented Reality - Current State of the Art / [ed] Pierre Boulanger, IntechOpen , 2023Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A learning framework for combining state-of-the-art augmented reality (AR) technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) for helmet-mounted display applications in combat aviation has been proposed to explore perceptual and cognitive performance factors and their influence on mission needs. The analysis originated through examining helmet-mounted display (HMD) design features and their configurations for tactical situational awareness (SA). In accomplishing this goal, the relationship between the pilot visual search and recent advancements in AI have been gauged as a background source to unlock pilot’s uncued visual search limit. In this context, the Augment-Me framework is introduced with the ability to view and organize SA information in a predictive way. The provisioning of AI-augmented fixation maps could effectively outperform current AR-HMD capabilities, facilitating human decision while pursuing the detection and compensation of the mechanisms of human error.

  • 19.
    Compierchio, Angelo
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Oyelere, Solomon
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, Datavetenskap.
    Karagiannis, Chris
    Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) Helmholtzzentrum GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.
    Assistive VR platform design for Telemanipulation at the Super Fragment Separator Facility2023Inngår i: Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2023): Artificial Intelligence and Future Applications: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies: Future Applications (IHIET – AI 2023), April 13-15, 2023, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland / [ed] Ahram, T., Taiar, R., AHFE International , 2023, s. 186-197Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    An assisted remote manipulation (ArM) platform has been defined for the Super FragmentSeparator (Super-FRS) main tunnel and hot cell at the High Energy Physics (HEP) Facilityof Anti-proton and Ion Research (FAIR). The designed platform positioned within a VirtualReality (VR) based framework ensures dynamic collaboration and effective humaninteraction to assist with Remote Handling (RH) operations. To visually stimulate operatorassisted intervention in harsh environments, enhanced interaction based on syntheticvision has been adapted with simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) techniquesinterlinked with virtual layers representing a three dimensional manipulation of RHmaintenance tasks. The proposed platform also included a sequence mapping toolevaluated with RH task variables specific to the sequence space analyses of pathplanning, motion check, and collision detection performed in both real and virtual RH taskenvironments. Further assistance was envisaged from multimodal feedback categoriesthrough force feedback, in this case, a backpropagation algorithm was tailored to define aforce limit and to send feedback signals to the operator every time the actual patternexceeded the desired output pattern. Overall, the ArM platform ensures the application ofbest engineering practices to RH needs as a basis to maximize information gathering andsharing driven by continuous improvement initiatives.

  • 20.
    Fritsch, Jonas
    et al.
    University of Aarhus.
    Júdice, Andrea
    University of Art and Design Helsinki.
    Soini, Katja
    University of Art and Design Helsinki.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Innovation och Design.
    Storytelling and repetitive narratives for design empathy: case Suomenlinna2007Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Today it is widely established in design research that empathy is an important part of creating a true understanding of user experience as a resource for design. A typical challenge is how to transmit the feeling of empathy acquired by user studies to designers who have not participated in the user study. In this paper, we show how we attained an empathic understanding through storytelling and aroused empathy to others using repetitive narratives in an experimental presentation bringing forth factual, reflective and experiential aspects of the user information. Taking as a starting point our experiences with the design project Suomenlinna Seclusive, we conclude with the potential of using narratives for invoking design empathy.

  • 21.
    Grafte, Lars
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, lärande och teknik, Hälsa, medicin och rehabilitering.
    Laurent, Elise
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, lärande och teknik, Hälsa, medicin och rehabilitering.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, Människa och teknik.
    Risberg, Anitha
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, lärande och teknik, Hälsa, medicin och rehabilitering.
    A literature review of recovery and cortisol among military personnel2023Inngår i: Military medicine, ISSN 0026-4075, E-ISSN 1930-613XArtikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    Recovery is an essential factor in having a natural resistance to stress. When the body is exposed to a physiological or psychological stressor, a stress reaction occurs, and cortisol is released. This can affect the body in the short and long term. Militaries often practice in realistic scenarios to build resistance to stress and have the conditions to cope with actual events. During the exercises, the military is exposed to both physiological and psychological stress for long periods. After exercises, the body needs to recover to rebuild. Recovery is, therefore, an essential factor for the body. However, there is a research gap for long-term extreme exposure to stress in relation to recovery. The purpose of this study was to review the documentation on the relationship between cortisol levels, stress, and recovery for military personnel.

    Materials and Methods

    A general literature study with a descriptive approach was carried out. Cortisol measured from serum, blood plasma, and saliva was included. Only full-text, peer-reviewed papers found in databases from the last 25 years were used. Diagnoses, drug use, or other issues affecting cortisol secretion were excluded. Four databases were searched, and nine relevant quantitative articles were found. A quantitative content analysis was done, and a descriptive result was generated.

    Results 

    In the literature study, it became apparent that cortisol levels both increase and decrease in professionals in the military when they are exposed to extreme field exercises with insufficient recovery, causing cortisol levels not to return to their basal levels. The analysis of the included articles gave answers to three questions about the role of recovery in a military context. One study was found where cortisol levels and the recovery period differed between women and men. After field training and a 72-hour recovery period, the men's cortisol levels were back to basal levels, while the women's cortisol levels remained elevated for over two weeks. 

    The Conclusion 

    The literature review shows the lack of data on the impact of recovery for military personnel. A study containing both women and men in a group setting was found. Results show significantly longer recovery for women, making it an important research gap. As secrecy is often used in the military context, not all information is published. This affects the quality of the studies and the possibility for high transferability and validity. A longitudinal approach with a larger sample size and additional females should be considered in future studies for comparable results. In addition, more measurement points and a systematization would be desirable with cortisols natural deviations taken into account. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    A literature review of recovery and cortisol among military personnel
  • 22.
    Illankoon, Prasanna
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Kulatunga, Asela
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Pathirathna, Asela
    Strategic Asset Management of a Heterogeneous Locomotive Fleet2023Inngår i: International Journal of Strategic Engineering Asset Management (IJSEAM), ISSN 1759-9733, E-ISSN 1759-9741Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The locomotive fleet of Sri Lanka Railways (SLR) is highly heterogeneous, and their operating conditions vary. Effective asset management of this fleet requires the examination of various phases of the life cycle. This study is set to propose an improved asset management strategy for SLR. Our methodology is based on the Reliability-Availability-Maintainability-Safety framework and Life-Cycle Management approach. We analysed maintenance performance, and we also conducted a Qualitative Content Analysis of how performance is perceived by the SLR employees. After a thorough analysis of the heterogeneity of locomotives and their phases in the life cycle, we recommend a mixed Asset Management strategy that can improve the availability through a maintainability focus, while ensuring safety and reliability. We conclude that Predictive Maintenance of the new fleet and the remanufacturing of scarce components for the ageing fleet can be the main contributors to an improved asset management strategy for SLR.

  • 23.
    Illankoon, Prasanna
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Manathunge, Yamuna
    Department of Education and Training, University of Vocational Technology, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Abeysekara, John
    Work Science Academy, Kandana, Sri Lanka.
    Singh, Sarbjeet
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Lockout and Tagout in a Manufacturing Setting from a Situation Awareness Perspective2019Inngår i: Safety, E-ISSN 2313-576X, Vol. 5, nr 2Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Applying lockouts during maintenance is intended to avoid accidental energy release, whereas tagging them out keeps employees aware of what is going on with the machine. In spite of regulations, serious accidents continue to occur due to lapses during lockout and tagout (LOTO) applications. Few studies have examined LOTO effectiveness from a user perspective. This article studies LOTO processes at a manufacturing organization from a situation awareness (SA) perspective. Technicians and machine operators were interviewed, a focus group discussion was conducted, and operators were observed. Qualitative content analysis revealed perceptual, comprehension and projection challenges associated with different phases of LOTO applications. The findings can help lockout/tagout device manufacturers and organizations that apply LOTO to achieve maximum protection.

  • 24.
    Illankoon, Prasanna
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Collaborating AI and human experts in the maintenance domain2021Inngår i: AI & Society: The Journal of Human-Centred Systems and Machine Intelligence, ISSN 0951-5666, E-ISSN 1435-5655, Vol. 36, nr 3, s. 817-828Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Maintenance decision errors can result in very costly problems. The 4th industrial revolution has given new opportunities for the development of and use of intelligent decision support systems. With these technological advancements, key concerns focus on gaining a better understanding of the linkage between the technicians’ knowledge and the intelligent decision support systems. The research reported in this study has two primary objectives. (1) To propose a theoretical model that links technicians’ knowledge and intelligent decision support systems, and (2) to present a use case how to apply the theoretical model. The foundation of the new model builds upon two main streams of study in the decision support literature: “distribution” of knowledge among different agents, and “collaboration” of knowledge for reaching a shared goal. This study resulted in the identification of two main gaps: firstly, there must be a greater focus upon the technicians’ knowledge; secondly, technicians need assistance to maintain their focus on the big picture. We used the cognitive fit theory, and the theory of distributed situation awareness to propose the new theoretical model called “distributed collaborative awareness model.” The model considers both explicit and implicit knowledge and accommodates the dynamic challenges involved in operational level maintenance. As an application of this model, we identify and recommend some technological developments required in augmented reality based maintenance decision support.

  • 25.
    Illankoon, Prasanna
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Judgemental errors in aviation maintenance2020Inngår i: Cognition, Technology & Work, ISSN 1435-5558, E-ISSN 1435-5566, Vol. 22, nr 4, s. 769-786Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Aircraft maintenance is a critical success factor in the aviation sector, and incorrect maintenance actions themselves can be the cause of accidents. Judgemental errors are the top causal factors of maintenance-related aviation accidents. This study asks why judgemental errors occur in maintenance. Referring to six aviation accidents, we show how various biases contributed to those accidents. We first filtered aviation accident reports, looking for accidents linked to errors in maintenance judgements. We analysed the investigation reports, as well as the relevant interview transcriptions. Then we set the characteristics of the actions behind the accidents within the context of the literature and the taxonomy of reasons for judgemental biases. Our results demonstrate how various biases, such as theory-induced blindness, optimistic bias, and substitution bias misled maintenance technicians and eventually become the main cause of a catastrophe. We also find these biases are interrelated, with one causing another to develop. We discuss how these judgemental errors could relate to loss of situation awareness, and suggest interventions to mitigate them.

  • 26.
    Illankoon, Prasanna
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Kumar, Uday
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    A prospective study of maintenance deviations using HFACS-ME2019Inngår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, ISSN 0169-8141, E-ISSN 1872-8219, Vol. 74, artikkel-id 102852Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The factors initiating aviation accidents are usually hidden behind various steps, systems, and tasks, and systematic root-cause analysis is required to uncover the initial factor(s). To reduce the risk of unfavourable events, it is more appropriate to study their causal factors. We argue that an in-depth study on maintenance process deviations could assist in uncovering hidden causal factors. We therefore analyse reported maintenance deviations from an aviation organisation using the Human Factor Analysis and Classification System-Maintenance Extension (HFACS-ME) taxonomy to aggregate and map hidden causal factors. We find attention and memory errors and inadequacy of processes and documentation are major causal factors. We argue a well-run organisation can capture hidden causal factors and reduce the risk of incidents and accidents. More specifically, we show how situation awareness (SA) interventions can assist in the mitigation of maintenance deviations and capture hidden causal factors.

  • 27.
    Illankoon, Prasanna
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Kumar, Uday
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Modelling human cognition of abnormal machine behaviour2019Inngår i: Human-Intelligent Systems Integration, ISSN 2524-4876, Vol. 1, nr 1, s. 3-26Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite the advances in intelligent systems, there is no guarantee that those systems will always behave normally. Machine abnormalities, unusual responses to controls or false alarms, are still common; therefore, a better understanding of how humans learn and respond to abnormal machine behaviour is essential. Human cognition has been researched in many domains. Numerous theories such as utility theory, three-level situation awareness and theory of dual cognition suggest how human cognition behaves. These theories present the varieties of human cognition including deliberate and naturalistic thinking. However, studies have not taken into consideration varieties of human cognition employed when responding to abnormal machine behaviour. This study reviews theories of cognition, along with empirical work on the significance of human cognition, including several case studies. The different propositions of human cognition concerning abnormal machine behaviour are compared to dual cognition theories. Our results show that situation awareness is a suitable framework to model human cognition of abnormal machine behaviour. We also propose a continuum which represents varieties of cognition, lying between explicit and implicit cognition. Finally, we suggest a theoretical approach to learn how the human cognition functions when responding to abnormal machine behaviour during a specific event. In conclusion, we posit that the model has implications for emerging waves of human-intelligent system collaboration.

  • 28.
    Illankoon, Prasanna
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Kumar, Uday
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Sustaining implicit learning in locomotive operation2018Inngår i: 20th Nordic Seminar on Railway Technology: Abstracts, Gothenburg, Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology , 2018, s. 59(65)-59(65)Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Modern trains are capable of monitoring health status in real time and infer behaviour of various systems. This trend will grow with advancements of machine learning those will produce feedback for continuously improving the prediction models. Despite reduced physical connectivity of human with locomotive systems, human interference will be required for critical decision-making. Human implicit learning involves the largely unconscious learning of dynamic statistical patterns and features, which leads to the development of tacit knowledge1. Pirsig2 argued that “each machine has its own, unique personality which probably could be defined as the intuitive sum total of everything you know and feel about it”. Theses suggest that humans employ an intuitive cognition ability that leads to developing implicit knowledge and interactions with machines. In this study, we focus on signifying the implicit knowledge in locomotive operation context and seek ways to facilitate effective decision-making

  • 29.
    Illankoon, Prasanna
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Singh, Sarbjeet
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Decision Support System for Flight Maintenance Technicians: Issues and Challenges2019Inngår i: Proceedings of the 5th international workshop and congress on eMaintenace: eMaintenance Trends in technologies & methodologies, challenges, possibilities and applications / [ed] Miguel Castaño Arranz, Ramin Karim, Luleå, Sweden: Luleå University of Technology, 2019, s. 88-94Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this article, we summarize the key insights into the fast-rising areas in decision support and integration of flight maintenance information. The study elaborates the need and challenges of decision support for flight maintenance technicians. The major focus is on the decision support that allows maintenance technicians as end users to interact and get a better understanding of the systems (flights) they are dealing with. 

  • 30.
    Kour, Ravdeep
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Al-Jumaili, Mustafa
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Karim, Ramin
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    eMaintenance in railways: Issues and challenges in cybersecurity2019Inngår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part F, journal of rail and rapid transit, ISSN 0954-4097, E-ISSN 2041-3017, Vol. 233, nr 10, s. 1012-1022Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The convergence of information technology and operation technology and the associated paradigm shift toward Industry 4.0 in complex systems, such as railways has brought significant benefits in reliability, maintainability, operational efficiency, capacity, as well as improvements in passenger experience. However, with the adoption of information and communications technologies in railway maintenance, vulnerability to cyber threats has increased. It is essential that organizations move toward security analytics and automation to improve and prevent security breaches and to quickly identify and respond to security events. This paper provides a statistical review of cybersecurity incidents in the transportation sector with a focus on railways. It uses a web-based search for data collection in popular databases. The overall objective is to identify cybersecurity challenges in the railway sector.

  • 31.
    Kour, Ravdeep
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Karim, Ramin
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    EMaintenance solutions for railway maintenance decisions2015Inngår i: World Congress on Engineering, WCE 2014: London, 2 - 4 July 2014 / [ed] S.I. Ao; Len Gelman; David W.L. Hukins; Andrew Hunter; Alexander Korsunsky, Hong Kong: Newswood Limited , 2015, Vol. 1, s. 228-232Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The term eMaintenance emerged in the early 2000s and has become a popular topic in maintenance related literature because of ongoing technological improvements. This paper uses a recent approach, i.e. cloud-based technology, to provide an eMaintenance solution for online time data analysis to make effective and efficient railway maintenance decisions. Due to increased traffic, the Swedish railway sector needs to optimise maintenance, using predictive maintenance to a much higher degree so that unplanned breakdowns and downtime are drastically reduced. The paper shows how research within the railway sector is developing eMaintenance solutions using the cloud and web-based applications for improved condition monitoring, better maintenance and increased uptime. In the proposed solution, data are acquired from railway measurement stations and sent to the eMaintenance cloud, where they are filtered, fused, integrated and analysed to assist maintenance decisions. The paper provides a concept for a web-based eMaintenance solution to assist railway maintenance stakeholders make fact-based decisions and develop more efficient and economically sound maintenance policies.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 32.
    Kour, Ravdeep
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Karim, Ramin
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    eMaintenance solution through online data analysis for railway maintenance decision-making2014Inngår i: Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, ISSN 1355-2511, E-ISSN 1758-7832, Vol. 20, nr 3, s. 262-275Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how research within the railway sector is developing eMaintenance solutions using the cloud and web-based applications for improved condition monitoring, better maintenance and increased uptime. This eMaintenance solution is based on the on-line data acquisition, integration and analysis leading to effective maintenance decision making.Design/methodology/approach – In the proposed methodology, data are acquired from railway measurement stations to the eMaintenance cloud, where they are filtered, fused, integrated and analyzed to assist maintenance decisions. Extensive consultation with stakeholders has resulted in the analysis of railway data.Findings – The paper provides a concept for a web-based eMaintenance solution for railway maintenance stakeholders for making fact-based decisions and develops more efficient and economically sound maintenance policies. Train wheels reaching their maintenance and safety limits are visualised in grids and graphs to assist stakeholders in making the appropriate maintenance decisions.Practical implications – In this paper the authors have demonstrated that the wheel profile and force data can be remotely collected through cloud utilization. The information generated can be used for maintenance decision making. Similarly, other measurable data can also be utilized for maintenance decision making.Originality/value – This paper describes the importance of eMaintenance solution through online data analysis to make effective and efficient railway maintenance decisions, as a case study.

  • 33.
    Kour, Ravdeep
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Karim, Ramin
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Singh, Sarbjeet
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Cybersecurity Workforce in Railway: A Case Study2019Inngår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop and Congress on eMaintenance:: eMaintenance: Trends in Technologies & methodologies, challenges, possibilites and applications / [ed] Miguel Castano Arranz; Ramin Karim, Luleå University of Technology, 2019, s. 28-32Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Railway will continue to adapt new digital solutions which are necessary and vulnerable to cyber threats. The history of cyber-attacks on critical infrastructures including railway suggests that there is a need for cybersecurity awareness. Both for employees and the general public. The very first step in cyber hygiene is cybersecurity training and awareness for the workforce. A well-educated workforce plays a vital role in building more cyber resiliency across the organization's operation and maintenance. The objective of this research is to evaluate the cybersecurity maturity level for workforce management in three railway organizations. The results show that there is a cybersecurity workforce gap and there is a need to eliminate this gap by enhancing cybersecurity workforce culture. Henceforth, this gap can be improved by developing cybersecurity culture, including cybersecurity training and awareness and by following recommendations provided in this paper.

  • 34.
    Kumar, Uday
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Karim, RaminLuleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.Parida, AdityaLuleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.Tretten, PhillipLuleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop and congress on eMaintenance: June 17-18 Luleå, Sweden : eMaintenance, Trends in technologies & methodologies, challenges, possibilites and applications2014Konferanseproceedings (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Compilation of papers presented in the technical sessions during the eMaintenance 2014.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 35.
    Morant, Amparo
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Karim, Ramin
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle.
    Galar, Diego
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Improvement of configuration management in railway signalling system2012Inngår i: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop & Congress on eMaintenance: Dec 12-14 Luleå, Sweden : eMaintenace: trends in technologies and methodologies, challenges, possibilities and applications / [ed] Ramin Karim; Aditya Parita; Uday Kumar, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2012, s. 23-32Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 36.
    Morant, Amparo
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Karim, Ramin
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Larsson-Kråik, Per-Olof
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Dependability improvement through configuration management: A study of railway signalling systems2013Inngår i: International Journal of COMADEM, ISSN 1363-7681, Vol. 16, nr 4, s. 31-40, artikkel-id 4Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The reliability, maintainability and related maintenance support of signalling systems affect the railway network´s availability. Constituting a system-of-systems spread over a wide geographical area, signalling systems consist of a large number of items with different lifecycles making it a challenge to define and describe the structure and relationship between the system’s inherent items at any specific time. System configuration describes a system’s structure to which other data sources can be related. Some current research discusses asset maintenance management in the railway infrastructure, but not many holistic approach deals with signalling systems. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the process of configuration management, can improve the dependability of the railway system. The paper presents a model for the configuration management of railway signalling systems. The model is based on the results of company surveys and interviews, data analysis and literature review. This model provides better control and visibility of the information related to the system and any changes made to it. Faster and better failure diagnostics can be performed, thus improving maintenance performance. This, in turn, provides better availability of the system by reducing the downtime of the railway network; hence, an improvement in maintainability is also achieved.

  • 37.
    Normark, Carl Jörgen
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Innovation och Design.
    Grane, Camilla
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Project: OPTIVe - Optimised system integration for safe interaction in vehicles2012Annet (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
    Abstract [en]

    The introduction of new warning and information systems in vehicles places high demands on the interaction between the driver and the vehicle. An HMI that exceeds customer expectations, that is transparent to the user, and that fully supports the users in accomplishing their goals provides a foundation for minimizing driver workload. Not only is the packaging of HMI devices essential to improve safety while interacting with a car. Also regulating the flow of information to a level that will not interfere with the primary task, driving the car, is crucial for product development. The purpose of this project is to develop methods and technical concepts that supports integration of HMI systems in vehicles

  • 38.
    Normark, Carl Jörgen
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Innovation och Design.
    Gärling, Anita
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Do redundant head-up and head-down display configurations cause distractions?2009Inngår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design: driving assessment 2009 : Big Sky Resort, Big Sky, Montana, USA, June 22-25, 2009, Iowa City: University of Iowa, Public Policy Center , 2009, s. 398-404Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study was designed to investigate effects of different display configuration designs. Nineteen drivers completed a driving simulator study designed to resemble normal driving. Driving performance, glance behaviour, physiological measures, and task completion times was measured for two display configuration designs both during driving only and during driving with a simple secondary task, which consisted of detection, and off-setting of presented warnings. The display configuration design with more centrally placed information, e. g. the HUD and HDD, had less detrimental effects on driving performance and glance behaviour. The physiological measures showed, however, no significant differences between display configuration designs.

  • 39.
    Normark, Carl Jörgen
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Innovation och Design.
    Kappfjell, Monica
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Lundberg, Jan
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Gärling, Anita
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Evaluation of car instrumentation clusters by using eye-tracking2007Inngår i: EAEC 2007 Proceedings: 11th European Automotive Congress, EAEC , 2007Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The importance of the ambience presented by instrumentation in the vehicle of today is of great significance for the automotive industry. The rapid technological development of electronic equipment has enabled the large amount of information devices in the drivers' environment. The types of driver information and their appearances are well identified by car manufacturers, but there is a lack of knowledge regarding drivers' perceptions of instrumentation clusters as well as their appearance. To increase this knowledge a study was conducted in order to measure these perceptions. Twenty-three subjects were studied using a method consisting of eye-tracking, assessments and interviews. Each subject was to view eight clusters and to assess each cluster according to six different semantic descriptions. The interviews were based on the subject's individual eye-tracking data. The subject was monitored by an eye-tracking equipment during the assessment task. The results showed that there were some significant correlations between time spent viewing a cluster and its assessment. Moreover, the results also give a view on how clusters are assessed and why they are assessed in particular ways.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 40.
    Normark, Carl Jörgen
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Människa och teknik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Guidelines for a mobile tool to address human factors issues in aircraft maintenance2019Inngår i: International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics, ISSN 2045-7804, E-ISSN 2045-7812, Vol. 6, nr 3, s. 208-226Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Highly specialised personnel are dependent on others and diverse systems to perform error-free aircraft maintenance. Research has shown that the maintenance process can be improved to reduce errors and increase usability by using a mobile tool. The goal of this project was to draw on theories of user-centred design to explore what human factors issues for maintenance personnel can be addressed by a mobile tool to make the most out of maintenance planning, execution, and follow-up. Military aircraft maintenance personnel at an air force unit were interviewed and observed. The following six problem areas that could be improved by the use of a mobile tool were identified: several information sources must constantly be consulted; information is constantly transferred between different locations and media types; technical documentation can be inconsistent and hard to access; there are strict hierarchies and certifications of personnel; the means of recording and transferring communicative information are insufficient; and there can be a long lag time for updates, error reporting and feedback of actions. A correctly designed mobile tool could solve these problems by combining all the information sources and recording relevant maintenance information.

  • 41.
    Normark, Carl Jörgen
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Innovation och Design.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Grane, Camilla
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Arbetsvetenskap.
    Ågren, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Lundkvist, Andre
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Nykänen, Arne
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Project: Human Factors LAB2014Annet (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 42.
    Nunoo, Esi
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Parida, Aditya
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Issues and challenges for condition assessment: A case study in mining2014Inngår i: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop and congress on eMaintenance: June 17-18 Luleå, Sweden : eMaintenance, Trends in technologies & methodologies, challenges, possibilites and applications / [ed] Uday Kumar; Ramin Karim; Aditya Parida; Philip Tretten, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2014, s. 85-93Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Organisations need to continuously review their costs to beprofitable. Thus, they need an understanding of the condition oftheir facilities, their equipment and processes, so that they canmake good operation and maintenance decisions. The miningindustry in Europe relies on complex technical systems forproduction. Error conditions in equipment will result in a failedsystem, having drastic effects on production. These failures canimpact business performance, resulting in increased costs due toreduced availability, reduced productivity, product quality andsafety. Condition assessments of failure data can be helpful inpredicting the health condition of equipment in the near future,thus helping to make efficient planned stops. The purpose of thisstudy is to identify the issues and challenges for conditionassessment in the mining industry. A case study was conductedusing relevant literature, interviews with operation andmaintenance personnel and the production process was studied.The findings showed that the physical conditions of systemcomponents are not always known nor is the useful life of thecomponents known. This is due to the fact that in spite of the largevolumes of data collected on critical equipment, there is littleanalysis done on the data to be able to predict future failurepatterns or failure trends. Maintenance on equipment is often ofcorrective nature. Using eMaintenance for condition assessmentwill help to make failure more predictable thus optimizingoperation and maintenance decisions.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 43.
    Oghazi, Pejvak
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle.
    Jung, Marie-Louise
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle.
    Peighambari, Kaveh
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Industriell Ekonomi.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle.
    What makes people want to become self-employed?: Applying the theory of planned behavior2009Inngår i: Advances in Management, ISSN 0974-2611, E-ISSN 2278-4551, Vol. 2, nr 11, s. 9-18Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The world economy currently seems to be failing, and the effects are being felt around the globe. There are many upcoming news about rising unemployment, major corporations cutting jobs and workers who can't seem to find work. The current economic climate makes many people wary of spending money, which can be bad news for those who make a living through the buying of others. Many things, however, are not simply going to go away because the economy is rough. Some buyers and employers may feel reticent when it comes to hiring, and this could create trouble for those who survive by self employment. But in every economic crisis, some markets remain successful - and those who live through self employment are generally pretty good about applying their skills where needed. Increasing self-employment is an objective frequently seen on government agenda, as small businesses are often seen as a remedy for unemployment and pivotal for economies to grow8. Despite the distinct value of self-employment to the economy as a whole as well as to the individual starting her own, in the Nordic countries, self-employment rates are far lower than one would expect. This has led to extensive research efforts on the impact of economic and other external factors on self-employment rates, in order to crystallize out key drivers to self-employment in an economy, related to which specific government programs and initiatives can be launched. This paper contributes by specifying and testing the impact of internal factors that determine an individual's decision on whether to become self employed. Understanding the internal drivers of individuals' intentions will help to further trace the impact of external initiatives on individual behavior. This paper applies the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), on the most well established models explaining social behavior, to test the impact of attitude, social pressures and perceived control among Swedish men and women. Data is collected from over 400 Swedish university students with various backgrounds. As is suggested in TPB, the results provide that the strongest determinant of individuals' intention to become self-employed is their attitude towards being self employed, which stems from behavioral beliefs about having one's own business. The paper further finds that, along with the attitude, men are mainly influenced by their perceptions of control, whereas women are affected by their perceived pressures in their social surrounding. The paper provides several implications for governments and some avenues for future research.

  • 44.
    Parida, Aditya
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis of Modern Dynamic Complex Systems using Criticality aspect of Key Performance Indicators2017Inngår i: International Journal of COMADEM, ISSN 1363-7681, Vol. 20, nr 1, s. 35-39Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Proactive condition monitoring, diagnosis and prognosis of modern complex engineering systems are becoming an increasingly challenging issue. This is mainly attributed to the dynamic global scenario and the ever increasing stakeholders conflicting interests. One of the most important missing links that is often given a low priority while assessing the health of a complex dynamic system is the key criticality of the system in question. This paper discusses some of the challenging issues facing the Asset Management personnel and highlights the importance of incorporating criticality aspect of the key performance indicator in the diagnosis and prognosis of all modern complex systems.

  • 45.
    Singh, Sarbjeet
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Operator 4.0 Within the Framework of Industry 4.02020Inngår i: Applications and Challenges of Maintenance and Safety Engineering in Industry 4.0 / [ed] Alberto Martinetti; Micaela Demichela; Sarbjeet Singh, IGI Global, 2020, s. 120-133Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Operator 4.0 is a smart and skilled operator who augments the symbiosis between intelligent machines and operators. Better integration of Operator 4.0 in Industry 4.0 can bring emphasis on the human-centric approach, allowing for a paradigm shift towards human-automation cooperation for inspiring the compulsion of human-in-the-loop. This further enhances the domain knowledge for the improvement of human cyber-physical systems for new generation automated systems. This cooperation of humans and automation makes stability in socio-technical systems with smart automation and human-machine interfacing technologies. This chapter discusses the design principles of Industry 4.0 and Operator 4.0 human-cyber physical systems.

  • 46.
    Teymourian, Kiumars
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Seneviratne, Dammika
    TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA).
    Galar, Diego
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik. TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA).
    Ergonomics Evaluation in Designed Maintainability:Case Study Using 3 DSSPP2021Inngår i: Management Systems in Production Engineering, ISSN 2299-0461, Vol. 29, nr 4, s. 309-319Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Maintainability is one of the design parameters (reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety (RAMS)) and maintenance is needed to keep the respective design in sustainable use. At the same time, the human is involved in the form of interface and interaction in an engineered product/system designed. Ergonomics is a multi-disciplinary science that considers human capabilities and limitations in a broader sense. The objective of this paper is to integrate ergonomics into the maintainability design process in order to facilitate maintenance operation in lesser; time, cost, easier operation as well as the well-being of human who is involved. In other words, good ergonomics lead to good economics and in a broader sense, sustainability. This investigation shows that designing comfortable workplaces and lesser workload for maintenance operators will be beneficial for the maintainability design process and also improve the meantime to repair MTTR. In order to evaluate the effect of designed work-place and workload on maintainers 3 D Static Strength Prediction Program (3D SSPP) that is commonly used as an ergonomics evaluation tool in scientific studies was applied.

  • 47.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Aktivitet: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society2009Annet (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 48.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Innovation och Design.
    Information design solutions for automotive displays: focus on HUD2011Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Automotive systems are being developed to increase positive driver experiences and traffic safety. As these new technologies are being adapted into the automotive environment, i.e. safety systems and multimedia applications, are the drivers additionally taking with them nomad devices, i.e. mobile phones, media players, GPS devices, etc., into this environment making it more and more complex. This complexity does not help the driver and in some cases distracts the driver too. The number of information sources has escalated to new heights and this trend does not seem to be slowing down. To be able to keep up with the advances in information technology, which also includes advances in display technology, automobile manufacturers are seeking for new and/or different ways to attract potential customers without bending the traffic safety. In this thesis this phenomena is looked upon by studying how drivers could use the information presented to them in the automobile. What do drivers perceive as important information, how should it be presented, and where? To obtain this several studies were conducted to gain a more complete picture of a driver's perception, behavior, and preferences. First, a questionnaire was administered to three different culture groups; China (167), Sweden (142), and United States of America (89) to learn how they perceive the information's importance and placement. The results showed that the drivers preferred the locations used in their own automobiles, but could think of using the HUD for more advanced driving helps. Based upon those responses a second study was conducted in a fixed-based high fidelity driving simulator. Forty participants drove a baseline and a experiment block (ca 20 min each) in which they where given either 10 warnings or 10 messages from four locations found in automobiles; the Head-Up Display (HUD), Head Down Display (HDD), Infotainment Display (IF), and Center-Stack Display (CS). The measurements were time to respond, time to notice, glance time, fixation time, number of fixations, and their driving performance via lane deviation and average speed during in each particular situation. All the drivers preferred information being presented in the HUD and the data showed that their performance was just as good as in the IF location and significantly better than in the CS and HDD locations. Redundant information in the HUD and HDD were not preferred and the participants the HUD exclusively. These results gave support to test HUD in traffic and in the drivers own vehicles. Therefore 30 drivers were recruited to test a HUD during three around the clock days, which showed the automobiles actual speed in their own automobiles on the windscreen. The on-road test showed that HUD was significantly preferred over the HDD for speed information. The majority of the drivers also wanted important warnings to be made available there along with directional helps for navigation. In conclusion the HUD was seen as the "next step" in automobile development. To reduce time away from road, increase traffic awareness, and to "lift" necessary information from more difficult to notice, and attend to, locations to the traffic scene the HUD could be the solution to enhance traffic safety, while speedometer and warning areas could be "freed up" and used for other functions and systems, leaving the locations furthest away for non-critical information.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 49.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Is Kinect suitable for Ergonomic Evaluation?2016Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Motion Capture solutions are very expensive and Digital Human Model simulations are time consuming. Off the shelf solutions like Kinect show potential as a cheaper and more flexible method. By using both Kinect and DHM tools together, physical measurements can be produced and analyzed. This study was an investigation on how Motion Capture Technology can be used as an ergonomic assessment tool in the product development process of truck cabs. A literature study to assess relevant methods and tools led to the testing of several 3D camera and 3D manikin solutions. The results showed that the Kinect could be used together with IMMA software to measure truck driver’s motions outside of the cab. This included the use of ergonomic assessment tools. Presently, the technology is limited and the software needs to be developed further but it shows much potential.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 50.
    Tretten, Phillip
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Innovation och Design.
    The driver and the instrument panel2008Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The trend today is to produce automobiles that have exciting systems which enhance the users' driving experiences, however, the distraction potential of these systems has not fully been considered. Since there can be large differences in the driver's level of distraction caused by visual overload due to individual and cultural characteristics. Therefore, three different markets were chosen due to their distinct vehicle and driving traditions and laws; China, Sweden and United States of America (US). The aim of this thesis, from an instrumentation design point of view, is to gain a better understanding of what information, and where information should be presented, in instrument panels to achieve low levels of distraction and, hence, decrease cognitive load, increase safety and functionality. Studies undertaken in this thesis sought a user based solution. The questionnaire results showed that safety attributes were ranked before, quality, practicality, and attractiveness in automobiles. The number one concern for the Chinese market was safety features presented to them from HDD in the instrument panel, the Swedish market preferred the traditional features and placements, the US preferred safety features and those assisting in safe driving to be placed in the HUD. A high-fidelity driving simulator was used to study respondents of varied age and driving experience, of which drove through both rural and city traffic with speed limits ranging from 50 to 70 km/hour while responding to information presented in HUD, HDD, IF, and CS positions. All groups rated the HUD as a very good placement for information retrieval while driving, followed by HDD, IF, and CS respectively. The overall preferred placement was HUD as it also was the preferred position of serious failures and vehicle operation. The results from both studies showed that people wanted logical groupings of driver information placed in the vehicle so to reduce the risk of distraction.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
12 1 - 50 of 67
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