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  • 1.
    Mazza, Alessandro
    et al.
    Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Torino, 10124, Italy.
    Monte, Olga Dal
    Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Torino, 10124, Italy; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8205, USA.
    Schintu, Selene
    Center for Mind/Brain Sciences-CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, 38068, Italy; Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington DC, 20052, USA.
    Colombo, Samuele
    Department of Management and Production Engineering (DIGEP), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, 10129, Italy.
    Michielli, Nicola
    PoliToBIOMed Lab, Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy.
    Sarasso, Pietro
    Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Torino, 10124, Italy.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Cantamessa, Marco
    Department of Management and Production Engineering (DIGEP), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, 10129, Italy.
    Montagna, Francesca
    Department of Management and Production Engineering (DIGEP), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, 10129, Italy.
    Ricci, Raffaella
    Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Torino, 10124, Italy.
    Beyond alpha-band: The neural correlate of creative thinking2023In: Neuropsychologia, ISSN 0028-3932, E-ISSN 1873-3514, Vol. 179, article id 108446Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The compound nature of creativity entails the interplay of multiple cognitive processes, making it difficult to attribute creativity to a single neural signature. Divergent thinking paradigms, widely adopted to investigate creative production, have highlighted the key role of specific mental operations subserving creativity, such as inhibition of external stimuli, loose semantic associations, and mental imagery. Neurophysiological studies have typically shown a high alpha rhythm synchronization when individuals are engaged in creative ideation. Also, oculomotor activity and pupil diameter have been proposed as useful indicators of mental operations involved in such a thinking process. The goal of this study was to investigate whether beyond alpha-band activity other higher frequency bands, such as beta and gamma, may subserve divergent and convergent thinking and whether those could be associated with a different gaze bias and pupil response during ideas generation. Implementing a within-subjects design we collected behavioral measures, neural activity, gaze patterns, and pupil dilation while participants performed a revised version of the Alternative Uses Task, in which divergent thinking is contrasted to convergent thinking. As expected, participants took longer to generate creative ideas as compared to common ones. Interestingly, during divergent thinking participants displayed alpha synchronization along with beta and gamma desynchronization, more pronounced leftward gaze shift, and greater pupil dilation. During convergent thinking, an opposite pattern was observed: desynchronization in alpha and an increase in beta and gamma rhythm, along with a reduction of leftward gaze shift and greater pupil constriction. The present study uncovered specific neural dynamics and physiological patterns during idea generation, providing novel insight into the complex physiological signature of creative production.

  • 2.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Implementing and assessing soft skills in the engineering curriculum2023In: Bidrag från den 9:e utvecklingskonferensen för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar / [ed] Joel Midemalm; Amir Vadiee; Elisabeth Uhlemann; Fredrik Georgsson; Gunilla Carlsson-Kvarnlöf; Jonas Månsson; Kristina Edström; Lennart Pettersson; Pedher Johansson, Mälardalens universitet, 2023, p. 303-308Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper addresses the crucial need for engineering students to acquire both soft and hard skills for a successful career. While technical skills are essential, soft skills like communication, collaboration, problem-solving, leadership, and adaptability are equally vital. Traditional engineering education programs often neglect soft skill development, leaving students without structured guidance. This paper presents a strategic curriculum approach within an Industrial Design Engineering program that emphasises progressive skill development. It includes a competence profile and continuous self-assessment to encourage student reflection and growth. Additionally, a transformative process is introduced in a third-year capstone project, helping students identify and actively improve personal and interpersonal skills. The results underscore the importance of systematic soft skill development through reflective practice and assessment, offering valuable insights for engineering education.

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  • 3.
    Törlind, Peter
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Larsson, Lisa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Eklöf, Lars
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Longitudinal Evaluation of Self-Assessment and Peer Review in a Capstone Course2023In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education, E&PDE 2023 / [ed] Buck, Lyndon; Grierson, Hilary; Bohemia, Erik, The Design Society , 2023, article id 1243Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 4.
    Törlind, Peter
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Wikberg-Nilsson, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Evaluation of workbooks as an active learning tool for industrial design engineering2022In: DS 117: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&PDE 2022): Disrupt, Innovate, Regenerate & Transform / [ed] Bohemia, Erik; Buck, Lyndon; Grierson, Hilary, The Design Society, 2022, article id 1128Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 5.
    Lindwall, Angelica
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Dordlofva, Christo
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology. GKN Aerospace Engine Systems, Trollhättan, Sweden.
    Öhrwall Rönnbäck, Anna
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology. Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Luleå University och Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Innovation in a box: exploring creativity in design for additive manufacturing in a regulated industry2022In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 33, no 8-9, p. 567-586Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Additive Manufacturing (AM) is often considered to increase opportunities for creativity in design compared to traditional manufacturing methods. At the same time, it is suggested that regulated work can have a negative effect on engineers’ creative abilities, which are linked to three components of creativity (expertise, motivation, and creative thinking skills). Due to the ‘newness’ of AM, engineers need to broaden their expertise to fully exploit their creative potential while using AM. Previous research has presented support tools to assist engineers to understand the complexity of AM. A majority of such studies focus on novice engineers, rather than providing an understanding of how AM is involved in industrial practices. This paper follows three case studies from the space industry, a regulated industry, that aims to re-design a product for AM over a 21-month time period. The purpose is to explore how restrictions affect engineers’ opportunities to build AM expertise for creativity in a regulated industry. Results show the importance that case-specific aspects have on an engineer’s learning path for adopting AM. Engineers find themselves in a complex situation, with a conflict between being ‘safe’ or innovative, where innovation within such regulated industries is often compared to innovating ‘in a box’.

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  • 6.
    Obilanade, Didunoluwa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Dordlofva, Christo
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology. GKN Aerospace Engine Systems, Sweden.
    Surface Roughness and Design for Additive Manufacturing: A Design Artefact Investigation2022In: DESIGN2022, Cambridge University Press, 2022, Vol. 2, p. 1421-1430, article id 168Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) brings the possibility to manufacture innovative near-net-shape part designs. But unfortunately, some designed surfaces suffer from rough surface finish due to characteristics of the LPBF process. This paper explores trends in managing surface roughness and through a space industry case study, a proposed process that uses Additive Manufacturing Design Artefacts (AMDAs) is used to investigate the relationship between design, surface roughness and fatigue. The process enables the identification of design uncertainties, however, iterations of AMDA's can be required.

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    Surface Roughness and Design for Additive Manufacturing - A Design Artefact Investigation
  • 7.
    Wikberg-Nilsson, Åsa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Ericson, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Digital Services and Systems.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Design: Process och metod2021 (ed. 2)Book (Other academic)
  • 8.
    Lukačević, Fanika
    et al.
    Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
    Škec, Stanko
    Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia. DTU Management, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Humans and technology.
    Štorga, Mario
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Humans and technology. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
    Identifying subassemblies and understanding their functions during a design review in immersive and non-immersive virtual environments2021In: Frontiers of Engineering Management, ISSN 2095-7513, Vol. 8, no 3, p. 412-428Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Design review (DR) is a product development (PD) activity used to inspect the technical characteristics of a design solution. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) technology enables the presentation of spatial information and interaction with 3D CAD models inside an immersive virtual environment (IVE). Such capabilities have shown the potential to mitigate the cognitive load needed for the visual perception of spatial information and, consequently, enhance design understanding and DR performance. Thus, an increasing number of studies have explored the effect of IVR technology on DR activities in different domains. However, determining when the implementation of IVR technology rather than a conventional user interface for DRs in mechanical engineering PD projects will be beneficial remains unclear. Hence, a conceptual DR experimental study was conducted to investigate the differences in the ability of engineering students to identify mechanisms and understand their functions when a design solution for a technical system is presented in an IVE by IVR technology and in a non-immersive virtual environment (nIVE) by a conventional user interface (monitor display, keyboard, and mouse). Data were collected by performing DR tasks and having participants complete a prior experience questionnaire, presence questionnaire, and mental rotations test. Findings of the study indicate that IVR does not support an enhanced ability of engineering students to identify mechanisms and understand their functions compared with a conventional user interface.

  • 9.
    Törlind, Peter
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Eklöf, Lars
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Strategic development of personal and interpersonal skills2021In: DS 110: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&PDE 2021), VIA Design, VIA University in Herning, Denmark. 9th -10th September 2021: Continuity and Adaptability in Design and Engineering Education / [ed] Hilary Grierson; Erik Bohemia; Lyndon Buck, The Design Society, 2021, article id 1168Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Personal and interpersonal skills are an essential part of design engineers’ knowledge and skills, which students rarely feel they work with in a structured way during their education. To improve soft skills, the ideas on developing students’ personal and interpersonal skills were implemented in design- implement experience, a 15 ECTS third-year capstone project for bachelor students. Parallel to the design project, students had to identify personal or interpersonal skills that they wanted to develop during the course. Personal development was done in several stages: Identification of personal development areas (PDA), discussion of PDA in group meetings, creating a development plan, personal coach meetings, status update and a final reflection 

    The results of this paper are based on teachers notes, written documentation and course evaluations. In the analysis, development areas were categorised using the CDIO Syllabus 2.0, where 59% was classified as Personal skills and 40% related to Interpersonal skills. The perseverance subset was the most common one identified. Other areas included lack of self-confidence, conflict mediation, creating a constructive dialogue between team members and time and resource management. Using this approach for three years and analysing the implementation, we can conclude that it has improved students’ personal and interpersonal skills. The results also highlight that students like to be challenged to change their professional conduct. 

  • 10.
    Obilanade, Didunoluwa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Dordlofva, Christo
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology. GKN Aerospace.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Surface Roughness Considerations in Design for Additive Manufacturing - A Literature Review2021In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED21), Cambridge University Press, 2021, p. 2841-2850Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One often-cited benefit of using metal additive manufacturing (AM) is the possibility to design and produce complex geometries that suit the required function and performance of end-use parts. In this context, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is one suitable AM process. Due to accessibility issues and cost-reduction potentials, such ‘complex’ LPBF parts should utilise net-shape manufacturing with minimal use of post-process machining. The inherent surface roughness of LPBF could, however, impede part performance, especially from a structural perspective and in particular regarding fatigue. Engineers must therefore understand the influence of surface roughness on part performance and how to consider it during design. This paper presents a systematic literature review of research related to LPBF surface roughness. In general, research focuses on the relationship between surface roughness and LPBF build parameters, material properties, or post-processing. Research on design support on how to consider surface roughness during design for AM is however scarce. Future research on such supports is therefore important given the effects of surface roughness highlighted in other research fields.

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  • 11.
    Dordlofva, Christo
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Humans and technology.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Humans and technology.
    Evaluating design uncertainties in additive manufacturing using design artefacts: examples from space industry2020In: Design Science, E-ISSN 2053-4701, Vol. 6, article id e12Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) has increased in recent years with potential benefits for novel design solutions and efficient manufacturing. In order to utilise these potentials, engineers need to address uncertainties related to product design and the AM process. This paper presents a design process utilising product-specific AM Design Artefacts (AMDAs) to assess uncertainties identified during design. The process emphasises the importance of concurrently developing the product and AM knowledge. Based on a research collaboration with industry, three case studies describe the use of this process in the development of products for AM. In total, six different types of AMDAs show how AM-related uncertainties are resolved to provide confidence in design solutions and manufacturability. The contributions of this paper are: (i) a design process where AMDAs are used as support in evolving and defining an AM design specification, (ii) an example of how Design for AM (DfAM) is practiced in industry and of typical AM uncertainties that are encountered and addressed, and (iii) an example of how collaborative research can facilitate new knowledge for both industry and academia. The practical implication is a DfAM process for engineers to use and adapt according to existing AM knowledge.

  • 12.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Humans and technology.
    Implementation of integrated learning experiences and active learning in a creative concept development course2020In: Bidrag från 7:e utvecklingskonferensen för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar / [ed] Lennart Pettersson, Karin Bolldén, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2020, p. 115-121Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A designer needs to possess capabilities and knowledge outside the traditional engineering domains – these capabilities and experiences are difficult to obtain in a traditional classroom setting; therefore, the integrated learning experiences can provide the experience and training of these capabilities. A crucial part of design education is to teach students the ability to cope with uncertainty and ambiguity – traits of a successful designer.

    The paper presents the design of a course in creative concept development that implements several educational ideas from active learning, which is an improvement over traditional learning. Active learning focuses on engaging students in and outside the classroom, an essential part of active learning includes mixing between theory and practical exercises and here it is crucial that the physical environment quickly adapts to different types of learning activities.

    The paper shows three concrete examples of how to integrate active learning – learning outside the classroom, guided design and role-play and games. The course has reflection and feedback throughout, both as an integral part of the lectures and assessment. To complement active learning, we must have effective evaluation processes to measure them. Different categories of learning outcomes require different assessment methods.

    Through continuous improvement, much based on the students' feedback and reflections, the course is very popular with students.  Students appreciate the mix of exercises, unconventional presentations, challenges and games. Students also appreciate the breadth of assessment that s assess an in-depth understanding.

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  • 13.
    Wikberg Nilsson, Åsa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Humans and technology.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Humans and technology.
    Implementation of workbooks as an active learning tool for Industrial Design Engineering2020In: Bidrag från 7:e utvecklingskonferensen för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar / [ed] Lennart Pettersson, Karin Bolldén, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2020, p. 161-163Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper focuses on the workbook approach. It is a tool for active and self-regulated learning, allowing for teachers to guide students in a certain direction and to provide clear goals in otherwise rather open-ended design projects.  The learning strategies self-regulated students employ support setting up goals and evaluate their performance, this strategy is guided by the workbook approach. Hence, it supports also previously non-self-regulated learners in devoting to the projects in more informed ways.  Industrial design engineering is unique compared to other engineering educations as it combines both artistic and scientific approaches and practices, it combines technical rationality and reflective practice. Typical design projects address the social, economical, cultural, material and technical dimensions of a situation in iterative design thinking cycles of gaining empathy for user needs, visualizing and materializing ideas and concepts and testing with users to inform the process. The workbook approach is a tool to guide such open-ended projects through cycles of reflection in- and on- actions. This informs learning and understanding during the process, rather than afterwards when final results is done. The workbook approach is currently implemented in five compulsory and several elective courses at Industrial Design Engineering (IDE) at Luleå University of Technology (LTU). The results so far are indications of better self-regulation in subsequent courses and students’ understandings of the end-result not being the project result, but for them to be the next generation of independent design engineers. As of yet, this is a work-in-progress and more studies are needed to provide evidence of concept such as more active and/or self-regulated learners. The workbook approach however seems to contribute in students being more independent as it guides them through the project process. In conclusion, based on our preliminary findings, we consider that the workbook approach shows indications of being a tool to support active and self-regulated learning in open-ended design projects.

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  • 14.
    Laspia, Alessandro
    et al.
    Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.
    Montagna, Francesca
    Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Humans and technology.
    Contrasting Divergent and Convergent Thinking by Electroencephalography and Eye Tracking2019In: Research into Design for a Connected World: Proceedings of ICoRD 2019 Volume 1 / [ed] Amaresh Chakrabarti, Singapore: Springer, 2019, p. 179-188Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The present study explores the adoption of electroencephalography and eye tracking to assess physiological differences between divergent and convergent thinking. In neuroscientific literature alpha power synchronization in the right parietal lobe has been associated to top-down inhibition of task-irrelevant cognitive processes occurring during divergent thinking, but findings in oculometric studies seem to suggest a bottom-up process operated by active visual-gating. In the present study, 14 male engineering students performed an adaptation of the Alternative Uses task under two experimental conditions. During the task brainwaves and ocular activity were collected using electroencephalography and eye tracking, but results did not reach statistical significance. Improvements in the experimental setting and analysis method to overcome similar problems are presented. Future studies should further delve into the influences on results of experimental settings and of analysis methods to increase comparability among physiological studies.

  • 15.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Humans and technology.
    Improving Written Communication: Implementation at Industrial Design Engineering2019In: The 15th International CDIO Conference: Proceedings – Full Papers / [ed] Jens Bennedsen, Aage Birkkjær Lauritsen, Kristina Edström, Natha Kuptasthien, Janne Roslöf, Robert Songer, Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 2019, p. 323-332Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the paper is to present how we have improved the quality of technical writing for students in Industrial Design Engineering at Luleå University of Technology. To achieve this, we have identified a number of courses focusing on verbal and written communication, one course – Product and production design focus on documenting and reporting a technical development work to a client. During the last seven years, the course has continuously been improved, and this paper contains an in-depth review of the course performed during spring 2018. The review was done by discussions in the teaching team, interviews, workshops, analysis of course documentation (course-reviews, course-pm, assessment-scheme etc.). The evolution of the course and how different support systems have been implemented such as peer-reviews, templates, formative feedback and self-assessment has been developed is described in detail. The current course is designed as a stage gate process with four design reviews, in which the student present and receive critique. At each design review, each team produces a short process memo (PM) that is peer-reviewed. Each student conducted three individual peer reviews, as well as group review. With 56 students in the class (spring 2018) over 180 completed peer reviews are performed by the students themselves before they receive formative feedback from the teachers. Self-assessment is also used, first by the team on their own final documentation. Finally, all student performs a personal self-assessment with feedback from their team members. The final assessment of the student is performed by the teachers and the result is similar to the students’ self-assessment.

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  • 16.
    Dordlofva, Christo
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences.
    Design for Qualification: A Process for Developing Additive Manufacturing Components for Critical Systems2018In: Proceedings of NordDesign: Design in the Era of Digitalization, 2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Additive Manufacturing (AM), and more specifically Powder Bed Fusion, offers design freedom, functional integration, and cost efficient manufacturing of customised products. These design and manufacturing capabilities are relevant for the space industry with its characteristic low production volumes, high-performance products, pursuit for low weight, and a recent need for cost reduction due to increased market competition. At the same time, the space industry is characterised by products in harsh environments without room for failure, nor the possibility to repair broken parts in service. Product qualification is therefore an important part of the product development process in the space industry, with the purpose of showing that the product design and its manufacturing process fulfils the technical requirements. Qualification is a challenge for AM that currently exhibits a sensitivity in part mechanical properties based on geometry and build orientation, as well as a variability in process outcome. As with other manufacturing processes, design engineers have to take process capabilities into account during product design to render a manufacturable product (Design for AM), but also to achieve the right quality and function (Design for Excellence). Apart from manufacturability, product qualification has to be considered early in the product development process of AM parts. Given the lack of understanding of AM process characteristics, design engineers are in need of design supports to facilitate the qualification of critical AM parts. This paper presents a Design for Qualification process model for development of AM components in critical space systems. The model is proposed based on research performed in the space industry with several case companies. 

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  • 17.
    Lindwall, Angelica
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human and technology.
    Evaluating Design Heuristics for Additive Manufacturing as an Explorative Workshop Method2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is suggested that the space industry is an ideal case for Additive Manufacturing (AM), with a low production volume and need for complex geometries. However, few engineers have experience of AM design. One way to support design engineers with limited experience of AM is the use of design heuristics, to enhance variety, quality and creativity of potential designs. This paper is based on literature studies and observations of creative workshops with companies from the space industry. Results showed that heuristics assisted designers and 8/10 heuristics was utilised during the ideation phase. 

  • 18.
    Wikberg Nilsson, Åsa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Humans and technology.
    Normark, Jörgen
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Humans and technology.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Humans and technology.
    Öhrling, Therese
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Humans and technology.
    Experiences of educational reform: Implementation of cdio at industrial design engineering2017In: Proceedings of the 13th International CDIO Conference, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada, June 18-­22, 2017, University of Calgary Press, 2017, Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Luleå University of Technology (LTU) joined the CDIO initiative in 2015. The development of the MSc program Industrial Design Engineering (IDE) was one of LTU’s four test pilots of educational reform with support of the CDIO framework. The current educational reform comprises all CDIO standards, however some have been easier to implement than others. The results from the current CDIO-implementation are so far positive experiences from both faculty and students. While the program curriculum has been developed at a macro level, changes also impact the program objectives, teachers’ skills development, and students’ learning outcomes at a micro level where, for example, courses have been redesigned regarding teaching and learning activities, and assessments have been developed to include both formative and summative feedback to promote a deep learning approach. Great efforts have also been put into development of new learning environments, finalized in 2016. However, implementation of CDIO also deals with changing the educational culture, a work that takes more efforts and time than just one year. A success factor in the current implementation is the involvement of experienced CDIO-implementers that have inspired, motivated and coached the IDE faculty in re-designing the program. 

  • 19.
    Dordlofva, Christo
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Qualification Challenges with Additive Manufacturing in Space Applications2017In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium - An Additive Manufacturing Conference, SFF 2017, The University of Texas at Austin , 2017, p. 2699-2712Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Additive Manufacturing (AM) has the potential to remove boundaries that traditional manufacturing processes impose on engineering design work. The space industry pushes product development and technology to its edge, and there can be a lot to gain by introducing AM. However, the lack of established qualification procedures for AM parts has been highlighted, especially for critical components. While the space industry sees an advantage in AM due to expensive products in low volumes and long lead-times for traditional manufacturing processes (e.g. casting), it also acknowledges the issue of qualifying mission critical parts within its strict regulations. This paper focuses on the challenges with the qualification of AM in space applications. A qualitative study is presented where conclusions have been drawn from interviews within the aerospace industry. The results highlight important gaps that need to be understood before AM can be introduced in critical components, and gives insight into conventional component qualification.

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    fulltext
  • 20.
    Karlsson, Anna
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Managing the paradox of early production involvement and Innovativeness: To involve or evolve, is that the question?2016In: Proceedings of International Design Conference - Design 2016 / [ed] N. Bojcetic ; D. Marjanovic ; N. Pavkovic; M. Storga; S. Skec, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture , 2016, p. 1065-1074Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Early involvement of production can on the one hand create products better adapted for realization, but on the other hand introduce the risk that incremental adjustments of existing operations and processes is favoured at the expense of more radical ones. The research reported in this paper aims to explore how innovative projectteams manage this paradox of early production involvement and innovativeness. Results show that a number of separation strategies at the micro level in the organization play an important role in practice.

  • 21.
    Karlsson, Anna
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Mitigating lack of knowledge: a study of ideas in innovative projects2016In: International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation, ISSN 2165-0349, E-ISSN 2165-0357, Vol. 4, no 3-4, p. 144-161Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ideas and concepts are the carriers of innovation, which many regard as a critical source of competitive advantage. At the same time, an initial idea is untested and unrealized, i.e., it is always surrounded by a lack of knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how different types of ideas develop and interact with knowledge, by focusing on remediating activities performed by design teams. Results are based on a retrospective interview study involving respondents from eight projects, all selected for their high degree of innovativeness. The analysis emphasized two types of ideas (product ideas and concept ideas) and three spaces of design knowledge (the why-space, the what-space, and the how-space). The results reveal two possibilities: either the content of the knowledge space differs depending on the type of idea, or different knowledge spaces exist. Moreover, activities conducted to improve the idea have different characteristics depending on the type of idea. It is thus important to distinguish between different types of ideas and to choose corresponding mitigation activities to support idea development.

  • 22.
    Dordlofva, Christo
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Lindwall, Angelica
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Opportunities and Challenges for Additive Manufacturing in Space Applications2016In: Proceedings of Norddesign 2016: Biannual conference on Design and Development, 10-12 August, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway / [ed] Casper Boks, Johannes Sigurjonsson Martin Steinert, Carlijn Vis, Andreas Wulvik, Glasgow: The Design Society, 2016, Vol. 1, p. 401-410Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a fast developing manufacturing technology that brings many opportunities for the design teams at companies working with product development. One industry that has embraced this is aerospace, and more specifically within space applications (satellites and launchers). Although there are huge possibilities with this technology, there are also several challenges that need to be overcome. This paper is based on interviews, study visits and a state of the art review from the current literature. The focus of this work has been to map the opportunities and challenges with AM in space applications and to highlight the research gaps that have been found. There are few documents available that address AM and/or innovation within space applications. The results show that design for AM, as well as product and process qualification, are areas that need to be further investigated.

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  • 23.
    Wikberg Nilsson, Åsa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Student Competence Profiles – a complementary or competetive approach to CDIO?2016In: The 12th International CDIO Conference: Proceedings – Full papers / [ed] Jerker Björkqvist; Kristina Edström; Ronald J. Hugo; Juha Kontio; Janne Roslöf; Rick Sellens; Seppo Virtanen, Turku, 2016, p. 844-858Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For students to develop independent learning strategies, it is essential to have anunderstanding of what it is they are aiming for. For this reason, every educational programme in Sweden has learning outcomes as stated by the Swedish Higher Education Authority.However, these are rather formal and sometimes described in a way that is not easy, either for teachers or for students, to implement in teaching and learning activities. A challenge is to both apply CDIO-standards and comply with the Swedish Higher Education Authority’s stated learning objectives. At the same time, we should uphold students’ motivation to develop their competences and teachers’ understanding of which teaching and learning activities are relevant, and how and what to assess in students’ learning to contribute to all of these approaches. The aim of this paper is to describe the development of a competence profile. The idea is primarily based on the Vitae Research Development Framework, but with inspiration from several other frameworks and approaches. The competence profile is designed to support students´ individual professional industrial design engineering competences. It allows the students themselves to map their knowledge, skills, experiences and qualities, and also provide support for teachers’ feedback and assessment. In other words,the student competence profile is used to describe what students are supposed to be able to do (prior to courses), what the learning activities are supposed to contribute to (during courses) and for formative and summative feedback of how well it has been done (during and after courses). It also allows a visualisation on how different courses contribute to the overall programme objectives.

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  • 24.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Collaborative Design2015In: Indian Institute of Science. Journal, ISSN 0970-4140, Vol. 95, no 4, p. 353-363Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Global cooperation is a reality for most engineering design teams today, and even though the core group is co-located, they are forced to cooperate with subcontractors or experts with complementary knowledge and skills. The design process can be seen as an integration of a technical, cognitive and social process, and such process is clearly multidisciplinary. This review presents research challenges and emerging directions for future research and focuses on interpersonal communication in collaborative design – small teams of interdisciplinary stakeholders who work jointly toward a common goal that would not otherwise be accomplished by the individual participants themselves.

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  • 25.
    Wikberg-Nilsson, Åsa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Ericson, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Design: process och metod2015Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    På nittiotalet, då jag utbildade mig till industridesigner på HDK vid Göteborgs Universitet, var det inte många som visste något om det yrket, de frågade ”... menar du kläder?”. Vilken skillnad jämfört med nu när alla verkar veta och tycka något om designade prylar och använder många olika digitala tjänster.Som nyanställd på ett konsultföretag upptäckte jag att inte heller i näringslivet var design speciellt känt. Jag fick ofta prata med kunderna om vilken möjlighet designtänkande kunde vara för dem och deras produkter. Det grundlade en övertygelse hos mig om behovet av strukturerade metoder och ett arbetssätt som kommunicerar väl med kunden. Jag ville arbeta mer med det så 2001 beslutade jag mig för att börja undervisa. Under fem år som lärare i industridesign på HDK och tio år vid Teknisk design på Chalmers har jag använt många böcker med olika inriktningar och möjlighet till fördjupning. Jag har saknat en bra översikt som studenterna kan komma tillbaka till i projekt och som de senare i yrkeslivet kan använda för att visa helheten för andra, tills jag blev inkopplad på den här boken. Det finns idag många olika utbildningar och yrkesvarianter av designers. Fler och fler upptäcker att design är något av det viktigaste som finns. Det påverkar ju oss dagligen, avgör om och när vi väljer något och hur vi använder det. Design är också, som du kommer att märka när du läser boken, mycket mera än bara sakerna vi ser. Ja egentligen kan allt som skapas och formuleras på något sätt vara designat. Men det är skillnad på design och design, ibland är den bara en fördyrande detalj eller uppsnyggning av något, ibland är den innovativ och tar hänsyn till själva användningen och användaren. Det svåraste för de som betraktar eller ska introduceras till design brukar vara förhållandet mellan det objektiva och det subjektiva - vad är sant för alla och vad är bara sant för en utvald grupp? Och vad är den viktigaste delen av design; är det tekniken, nyhetsvärdet, utseendet eller funktionen? Efter att ha sett tusentals projekt och lösningar är jag övertygad om att de lösningar som överlevt, och kommer att överleva längst, är designade av människor som förstått vilka som ska använda deras lösningar och hur användarens behov av form och funktion är. En optimal designlösning är olika för olika människor och olika situationer, när du kan hantera det har du kommit långt som designer. En vanlig missuppfattning om design är att det är något som fixas till i slutet eller att det är en rent konstnärlig process där man väntar på inspiration. Det bästa resultatet kommer när designtänkandet är strukturerat och finns med tidigt. Många av dagens produktsystem är svåra att förstå och använda. Här kan olika professioner hjälpas åt eftersom en av designerns viktigaste uppgift är att analysera och visualisera behov, gränser och innovationsmöjligheter för och tillsammans med andra. Därför behövs förståelse för designtänkande mer än någonsin inom många yrken, såväl tekniskt som socialt. Det är, som jag brukar säga till studenterna, enkelt att göra något svårt men svårt att göra något enkelt - det gäller att hitta essensen av någots existens. Det har varit mycket roligt att få vara en del i framtagandet av den här boken. Här finns en helhet som är sällsynt. Författarna har i Design:process och metod lagt mycket arbete och efterforskningar på att strukturera och ta fram en unik sammansättning av olika synsätt och metoder för alla som vill förstå designarbete och beprövade designverktyg som en helhet. Genom att studera och prova dessa kan den som läser få en korrekt start, bli mer kreativ, göra en bättre presentation av sitt eget designarbete eller förstå andra som arbetar med design. Det här är en bok som borde vara obligatorisk läsning för alla som handskas med utvecklingsprojekt. Örjan SöderbergMaster of Fine Arts i industridesign HDK AIVELektor och programansvarig på Civilingenjörsprogrammet i Teknisk Design på Chalmers tekniska högskola

  • 26.
    Ekman, Jonas
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Antti, Marta-Lena
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.
    Martin-Torres, Javier
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Space Technology.
    Emami, Reza
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Space Technology.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Kuhn, Thomas
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Space Technology.
    Nilsson, Hans
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Machine Elements.
    Minami, Ichiro
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Machine Elements.
    Öhrwall Rönnbäck, Anna
    Gustafsson, Magnus
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.
    Zorzano Mier, María-Paz
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Space Technology.
    Milz, Mathias
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Space Technology.
    Grahn, Mattias
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Chemical Engineering.
    Parida, Vinit
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Behar, Etienne
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering.
    Wolf, Veronika
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Space Technology.
    Dordlofva, Christo
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Mendaza de Cal, Maria Teresa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Space Technology.
    Jamali, Maryam
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Space Technology.
    Roos, Tobias
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Space Technology.
    Ottemark, Rikard
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Space Technology.
    Nieto, Chris
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Space Technology.
    Soria Salinas, Álvaro Tomás
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Space Technology.
    Vázquez Martín, Sandra
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Space Technology.
    Nyberg, Erik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Machine Elements.
    Neikter, Magnus
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.
    Lindwall, Angelica
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Fakhardji, Wissam
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.
    Projekt: Rymdforskarskolan2015Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    The Graduate School of Space Technology

  • 27.
    Håkansson, Anders
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Enhancing Student motivation: "raise the bar"2014In: Design education & human technology relations: proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands 4th - 5th September 2014 / [ed] Erik Bohemia; Arthur Eger; Wouter Eggink, Glasgow: Design Research Society, 2014, p. 414-419Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The quest for enhancing student motivation, commitment and performance in higher education is anever-present struggle for university teachers. Of course, the hunt for a good grade is something that isvery central for students, but as a teacher you would like to reach further and find a deeper, morepersonal motivation within each student. A hypothesis that was investigated was that students willaccept high demands if they are clearly defined and presented directly in the beginning instead ofbeing introduced gradually during the course. In the present course, a team of six teachers was puttogether in order to be able to handle the students’ need for coaching and support. The course includedmultiple sub-deadlines concluded by status presentations, called Design Reviews, where the groupsupdated the teaching team and other groups on the project’s progress. The Design Reviews includedboth an oral presentation of five minutes and a written memorandum, called PM. Each student wasresponsible for one oral presentation and one PM. Examination of the course was based on the finalproject result as well as on performance during the Design Reviews. The conclusions from thisapproach are that the general motivation was increased. The project results were very good andincluded several innovative solutions. Student reaction to the high demands was positive but teachercoaching is a very important factor for keeping this on a manageable and stimulating level for thestudents and preventing it from being an oppressive stress factor.

  • 28.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Innovationspiloter: studenter ökar innovationsförmågan hos företag2014In: NU 2014: Umeå 8-10 oktober : abstracts, Umeå: Umeå universitet. Pedagogiska institutionen , 2014, p. 203-Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 29.
    Karlsson, Anna
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Johansson, Christian
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona.
    Managing rejected ideas from projects: a way to avoid idea cemeteries2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An often neglected topic in idea management research is the continuity and stability of current idea management practices. This study addresses this topic by following a hand-over of ideas from a project to the line organization in a company. Moreover, idea portfolios are proposed and empirically explored as a means of managing and further developing these ideas. This particular idea-capturing scheme is believed to incorporate both codification and personalization approaches in the management of ideas. Twenty-one (21) semi-structured interviews, as well as observations, were conducted during a year, both before and during the implementation of idea portfolios at the company. Results from the study show the importance of considering the recipient of a codification effort in order for codification to become a constructive element rather than a barrier. Another finding is that different stages of maturity and levels of activity should be handled when managing ideas. Therefore, an idea portfolio is something of a hybrid between an idea bank and a register of on-going activities. Managing ideas in a transparent way was also shown to have its pros and cons. Increased transparency can both provide enhanced legitimacy for working with an idea, and increase the accountability of an idea, and can therefore be perceived as an obstacle. Finally, the shared responsibility of an idea that is the consequence of working with an idea portfolio can make the line manager something of an “accomplice”. This in turn helps in propelling the development of the idea forward.

  • 30.
    Törlind, Peter
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Wikberg-Nilsson, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    TD-Challenge: erfarenheter från temadag för Teknisk design2014In: NU 2014: Umeå 8-10 oktober : abstracts, Umeå: Umeå universitet. Pedagogiska institutionen , 2014, p. 191-Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 31.
    Ericson, Åsa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    A deep dive into creative thinking: the now-wow-how framework2013In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED13), Design for Harmonies: Human Behaviour in Design / [ed] U. Linderman; S Venkataraman; YS Kim; SW Lee; P. Badke-Schaub; K. Sato, Design Research Society, 2013, Vol. 7, p. 337-346Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Innovation strategies are becoming even more vital for manufacturers that wish to turn their business into a service based one. Integration of product and service aspects in early design stages insists on approaches where all competences are used for to provide the foundation for new solutions. Often such creative work is expected to randomly come from ordinary work tasks or from passionate geniuses. Few companies apply an intentional and coherent process for bringing together mixed teams to create ideas for radically new product and services.Besides describing the background for the development of a radical innovation workshop format, this article presents a three-step framework for a collaborative process in which the participants diverse competences and skills are seen as the source of creativity. The framework, called now-wow-how, allows a workshop to be planned, designed and conducted in order to analyze an existing situation (now), a preferred alternative future (wow) and elaborate on how these two can be bridged (how). The paper provides examples of creative methods that can be used to conduct each stage, and also a guide for how to facilitate a creative workshop.

  • 32.
    Wikberg-Nilsson, Åsa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Ericson, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Snowflake: en bred bok om design- och utvecklingsprocesser2013Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 33.
    Karlsson, Anna
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    What happens to rejected ideas?: exploring the life of ideas following the completion of projects2013In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED13): Design For Harmonies / [ed] U Lindemann; S Venkataraman; YS Kim; SW Lee; M Cantamessa; B Yannou, Design Research Society, 2013, Vol. 3, p. 229-238Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In an ongoing development project there is a risk that promising ideas are rejected due to time constraints. Given that ideas are the carriers of innovation, and that novel and radical ideas are, to a greater extent, exposed to rejections and resistance than more conservative, those ideas, previously rejected from projects, could be seen as a potential goldmine of innovations. The aim of this paper is to explore the ‘life’ of rejected ideas following the completion of design projects. An exploratory approach was chosen in order to gather information about companies’ ways of working with rejected ideas. Respondents from seven companies were interviewed, and two main routes for managing rejected ideas became apparent: codification and personalisation. All participating companies had some sort of codification approach, but this was always complemented by a personalisation approach, whether implicit or explicitly stated. This is important as an idea management system is unable to fully carry an idea forward as it lacks intent, insight, and argumentation. Furthermore, responsibility for rejected ideas and maturity of ideas both seem to affect the processing of rejected ideas

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  • 34.
    Törlind, Peter
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Garrido, Pablo
    5 senses of interaction: a model for categorising collaborative tools and creative methods2012In: Proceedings of the the 12th International Design Conference, DESIGN 2012: May 21-24 2012, Dubrovnik, Croatia / [ed] D Marjanović; Mario Štorga ; N. Pavković ; N. Bojčetić, Dubrovnik: Design Research Society, 2012, p. 569-578Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Collaborative tools today are not adapted to the real needs of the collaborators, instead the collaborators have to adapt to existing technology. This work explore the designer’s behaviour in creative collaborative design meetings and create a graphic approach – 5 senses of interaction which can be used to assess and evaluate interaction needs for a meeting or for assessing an existing collaborative technology. The visual method gives the user a better understanding of the interaction requirements and can be used to find out a suitable collaboration tool.

  • 35.
    Karlsson, Anna
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design. Sandvik Coromant.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Development of engineering knowledge models to achieve product innovation2011In: Impacting society through engineering design: ICED 11 København, the 18th International Conference on Engineering Design ; 15th - 18th August 2011, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Copenhagen, Denmark ; proceedings volumes / [ed] Steve Culley; Ben Hicks; Tim McAloone; T.J. Howard, Glasgow: Design Research Society, 2011, Vol. 6 : Design for X, design to X, p. 322-331Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To pursue understanding of governing principles, observations of phenomena and simulation of processes instead of relying purely on trial-and-error, is becoming more and more important in product development activities. This suggests that use of engineering knowledge models is an important part of future innovations. The purpose of this study is therefore to gain insight into the development and use of engineering knowledge models in the innovation process. Based on interviews with originators of such models within a manufacturing company this descriptive study emphasizes the following aspects: the ambivalent aspect of reuse, multi-use of existing models and increased interactivity provided by engineering knowledge models.

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  • 36. Larsson, Tobias
    et al.
    Larsson, Andreas
    Ericson, Åsa
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Computer Science.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Bergström, Mattias
    Luleå University of Technology, External, LTU Business AB.
    Johansson, Christian
    Johansson, Pär
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Wenngren, Johan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Computer Science.
    Ylinenpää, Håkan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Parida, Vinit
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Karlsson, Stig
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Håkansson, Anders
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Project: PIEp - Product Innovation Engineering Programme2011Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    PROJEKTSAMMANFATTNINGPIEp, Product Innovation Engineering Program är ett nationellt program som syftar till att stärka förmågan till innovativ produkt- och affärsutveckling. PIEp spänner över fältet från teori till praktik, från forskning om innovationssystem till proaktivt arbete för att stärka innovationskraft och därigenom uppnå en systemförändring inom forskning, utbildning och utveckling. PIEp skall pågå under tio år, 2007-2016 och engagera flera av Sveriges lärosäten och forskningsinstitut involverade i innovation och produktutveckling. PIEp leds och administreras vid KTH i partnerskap med Lunds Tekniska Högskola, Högskolan i Jönköping, Designhögskolan vid Umeå Universitet, Centrum för Teknik, Medicin och Hälsa, Luleå Tekniska Universitet, samt en rad företag och organisationer.

  • 37.
    Panarotto, Massimo
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Sustainability Innovation in early phases2011In: Impacting society through engineering design: ICED 11 København, the 18th International Conference on Engineering Design ; 15th - 18th August 2011, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Copenhagen, Denmark ; proceedings volumes / [ed] Steve Culley; Ben Hicks; Tim McAloone; T.J. Howard, Design Research Society, 2011, Vol. 5 : Design for X, design to X, p. 187-197Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sustainability is a complex but extremely important issue. To achieve a new industrial revolution that focuses on sustainability, we need innovation. Just improving our technologies and our habits will not save our planet from its current gradual degradation.In recent decades many Eco-tools have been developed; this paper evaluates the most important and used today, how they help to consider sustainability in the product development process and identify important and missing characteristics, arguing that many eco-tools were experienced by the companies as too complex and time-consuming and often not aid the innovation process. These characteristics guided the development of a new framework for sustainability innovation based on a multidisciplinary workshop approach. It focuses on analyzing customers from a sustainable viewpoint, understanding their real needs, using ideation tools to generate ideas in areas not usually considered in current eco-tools, e.g. changing customer behavior or the business model. The method was developed, tested and evaluated in an iterative approach over a six-month period.

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  • 38.
    Bergström, Mattias
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Ericson, Åsa
    Törlind, Peter
    4I4I : Four I:s for Innovation: a book with easy to use methods and ideas to foster innovative product development2010Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    A book with easy to use methods and ideas to foster innovative product development.

  • 39.
    Ericson, Åsa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Törlind, Peter
    Bergström, Mattias
    Future ideation: creating ideas despite distance2010In: International Reports on Socio-Informatics (IRSI), E-ISSN 1861-4280, Vol. 7, no 1, p. 264-271Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Team-based innovation, which builds on the true collaboration and thinking together strategy are at the heart for most manufacturing companies today. This strategy builds on a multifunctional team to increase the innovation potential. Diversity builds up the multifunctionality within the team and is a prerequisite for coming up with new innovations. Efficient idea generation demands facilitation, one example is brainstorming, which is easily performed. However, brainstorming is often misused, as it is not applied properly. A successful brainstorm seems chaotic, team members use Post-It notes and/or a whiteboard to write and sketch down ideas. In engineering design, computer tools support many of the development team's tasks, but an interactive computer support for idea generation is not commonly used. Also, existing tools do not support the "physical" activities found in classical brainstorming, they are commonly based on the logics of documentation than actual facilitation of a creative process. The study in this paper is based on observations of design teams and the purpose is to set up and present a specification for an idea generation tool that is both facilitated and mimics the best aspects of physical brainstorming.

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  • 40.
    Ericson, Åsa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Karlsson, Anna
    Sandvik Coromant, department of Metal Cutting Research.
    Wenngren, Johan
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Where do innovations come from?2010In: Design 2010: 11th International Design Conference, Dubrovnik - Croatia, May 17 - 20, 2010 / [ed] D. Marjanovic; M. Storga; N. Pavkovic; N. Bojcetic, Zagreb: Design Research Society, 2010, p. 545-554Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper is based on a descriptive study of two types of innovation awards within a manufacturing company. The purpose is to identify sources and understand the background of these awarded innovations. An industrial view of the concept innovation is of importance in order to support future product development processes. Based on the interviews of several team members in awarded innovation projects, some aspects can be emphasized: the importance of the exploration and knowledge acquisition phase, importance of external triggers and that innovation is not a linear process.

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  • 41.
    Hicks, Ben
    et al.
    University of Bath.
    McAlpine, Hamish
    University of Bath.
    Blanco, Eric
    Grenoble Institute of Technology.
    Cantamessa, Marco
    Politecnico di Torino.
    Montagna, Francesca
    Politecnico di Torino.
    Storga, Mario
    University of Zagreb.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    An intelligent design environment: overcoming fundamental barriers to realising a step change in design performance and innovation?2009In: Design has never been this cool: ICED 09, the 17th International Conference on Engineering Design ; 24 - 27 August 2009, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA ; proceedings volume / [ed] Margareta Norell Bergendahl, Glasgow: Design Research Society, 2009, p. 199-210Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the modern design environment, demands on performance, innovation and productivity are always increasing as global competition rises and business models(such as the product-service paradigm) evolve. Central to the ability of organisations to realise continued improvements has been the widespread adoption of new design tools, methods, technologies and processes. Arguably, today's highly distributed design teams are almost totally reliant on these elements to be successful. Whilst there is no doubt that they have improved performance in many cases, the sheer number and variety have given rise to new issues, such as information overload and analysis paralysis. This paper argues that one way to significantly improve this situation is via an ‘intelligent design environment' in which the tools, methods, technologies and processes are active components that - where appropriate - intervene in the design activity. A network of design research groups have held workshops to theorise about possible active elements and their interventions. The results, consisting of an overview of possible active elements and interventions, fundamental research and technical challenges, and the possible benefits are discussed.

  • 42.
    Ericson, Åsa
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Bergström, Mattias
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Larsson, Andreas C.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Design thinking challenges in education2009In: Design has never been this cool: ICED 09, the 17th International Conference on Engineering Design ; 24 - 27 August 2009, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA ; proceedings volume / [ed] Margareta Norell Bergendahl, Glasgow: Design Research Society, 2009, p. 89-100Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Product development processes are commonly represented in sequential models covering the necessary stages from planning to product rollout, while processes to take needs into the development activities show other aspects, namely that understanding needs requires, for a product developer, additional skills. In our curricula for engineering design education we apply some aspects of design thinking to bring together (a) business savvy, in terms of understanding people’s needs as market opportunities, and (b) product development process, in terms of team-based creativity and collaborative skills, with (c) the basic engineering knowledge. This is a demanding aim, much because the approaches, methods and mindsets differ widely from what the students are used to. Hence, in this paper we elaborate on our efforts to educate engineers in design thinking to provide insights into some challenges for engineering design.  Three key challenges are identified, (1) integrative approaches are not straightforwardly implemented, (2) training of ‘soft’ capabilities to provide a change in thinking, and (3) social competence to make use of design thinking.

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  • 43.
    Törlind, Peter
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Sonalkar, Neeraj
    Stanford University.
    Bergström, Mattias
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Blanco, Eric
    Grenoble Institute of Technology.
    Hicks, Ben
    University of Bath.
    McAlpine, Hamish
    University of Bath.
    Lessons learned and future challenges for design observatory research2009In: Design has never been this cool: ICED 09, the 17th International Conference on Engineering Design ; 24 - 27 August 2009, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA ; proceedings volume / [ed] Margareta Norell Bergendahl, Glasgow: Design Research Society, 2009Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Video observation has been used for ethnographic studies for decades and is becoming more popular in engineering design research. This paper presents some of the lessons learned of using design observation in research. The paper focuses on the design and usage of physical environments designed specifically for design team observation – Design Observatories (DO). The paper argues that in the past DO focused on observation, whereas DO of the future will provide real time analysis and the possibility to intervene to improve the design activity. Five different types of studies are identified and categorized. Three different design observatories and the rationale for their design are described, as well as twelve design studies ranging from short experiments to long ethnographic studies in industry. Finally, the implications for design observatory research are presented – DO must support an iterative research approach, since design experiments are emergent and are not defined up front. There is a need for a more longitudinal capture of data and the emergence of robust coding schemes that enable machine coding needs to be supported.

  • 44. Larsson, Tobias
    et al.
    Larsson, Andreas
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Johansson, Pär
    Luleå University of Technology, External, LTU Business AB.
    Wenngren, Johan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Computer Science.
    Bertoni, Marco
    Isaksson, Ola
    Kalhori, Vahid
    Sandvik Coromant, Sverige.
    Kårdén, Håkan
    Eurostep, Sverige.
    Svanerudh, Patrik
    Designtech, Sverige.
    Project: ProViking THINK - Team för Heterogen Innovationskunskap2008Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Begreppet product-service systems (PSS), eller funktionella produkter, förutspås ha betydande påverkan för ett framtida hållbart samhälle. Ett PSS-synsätt kommer att förändra hur produkter och tjänster används, men också förändra tillvägagångssättet i utvecklingen, eftersom ansvaret för den fysiska produkten genom hela dess livscykel kvarstår hos företaget eller konsortiet som utvecklar PSS-lösningen. I och med detta kan aktiviteterna med omkonstruktion, återanvändning och återvinning, utföras på ett totalt annorlunda sätt än i dag. I den här situationen blir kapaciteten att ständigt förbättra kundupplevt värde genom nya lösningar en viktig förmåga. Således står utvecklingsteam idag inför två stora utmaningar; dels ska de kunna hantera mer abstrakta kundbehov, dels ska de på ett effektivt sätt ständigt bidra till nya lösningar. Det här projektets mål är att stödja PSS-utvecklingsteamets innovationsprocess genom att föreslå faciliterande metoder och verktyg. Specifikt fokus ligger på följande aspekter för att bidra till utvecklingen av en sammanhängande metodologi för team-baserad innovation:- Identifiering, analys och kommunikation av kundbehov samt modellering av värde- Tvärfunktionella team- Effektiv kunskapsdelning- Modellering och visualisering av lösningar baserat på ett kunskapslivscykel perspektiv Projektet kommer att vara en gemensam prestation av industri- och akademirepresentanter. Det praktiska arbetet kommer att utföras i ett nära samarbete. I stort vägleds projektet av antagandet att – visualisering av affärs- och utvecklingsrelaterad kunskap samt snabba modellerings- och simuleringsmöjligheter i tidiga faser stödjer PSS-teamets förmåga att finna nya lösningar och genomföra hållbar utveckling. Förutom ökad kunskap om strategier och tillvägagångssätt för team-baserad innovation kommer demonstratorer av verktyg och metoder vara ett resultat av projektarbetet.

  • 45. Ericson, Åsa
    et al.
    Bergström, Mattias
    Nergård, Henrik
    Larsson, Andreas
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Prompting innovation: dedicated places2008In: Proceedings: 2nd Conference on Nordic Innovation Research, December 3-4 2007; Luleå University of Technology / [ed] Håkan Ylinenpää, Luleå tekniska universitet, 2008, p. 161-173Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In our view, close collaboration in joint work meetings has gained limited attention from universities. Our vision for promoting innovative forms of academia-industry collaboration is to bridging meeting content, goal and physical domains to facilitate the meetings and everyday interactions of creative and innovative teams. This paper provides an outline of how an emerging approach for team innovation encourages a reorganization of research and development work, as well as provides a new rational for the design and use of collaborative work spaces. The opportunity to dedicate a room, i.e., a boiler room, for creative collaborative meetings occurred when our offices was going to be refurbished. The space, i.e., the physical constraints of the room, was given. Structurally, it is a typical squared room, nothing remarkable about that. However, by observing and talking about our own collaboration and meetings a set of needs was identified. For the boiler room these needs was captured in the words static and flexible. On the foundation of these words the boiler room has been furnish. A furniture FocIn-FocOut was designed to guide people into different modes. The rationale for the boiler room has been made visible and thereby, also the notion of place as a cultural phenomena.

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  • 46.
    Hicks, BJ
    et al.
    Innovative Design & Manufacturing Research Centre, University of Bath.
    McAlpine, HC
    Innovative Design & Manufacturing Research Centre, University of Bath.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Storga, M
    Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb.
    Dong, A
    Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition, University of Sydney.
    Blanco, E
    Laboratoire G-SCOP, Grenoble INP.
    The issues and benefits of an intelligent design observatory2008In: Design 2008: 10th International Design Conference, May 19-22, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia / [ed] Dorian Marjanovic; Mario Storga; Neven Pavkovic; Nenad Bojcetic, Zagreb: University of Zagreb , 2008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In order to support today's digital, knowledge-driven and highly distributed design activities there is a fundamental requirement to improve the means by which design researchers observe industry practice, evaluate tools and methods, and assesses the state-of-the-art. A prerequisite for this is the ability to undertake more holistic investigation, perform controlled experiments, and capture, analyse and organise experimental data. To begin to address these issues the creation of an intelligent design observatory is proposed and the issues associated with designing the environment, monitoring and recording design activities, data processing and analysis, observation and measurement, and an appropriate experimental methodology are discussed.

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  • 47. Bergström, Mattias
    et al.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Towards virtual co-location in functional product development2008In: Collaboration and the Knowledge Economy: Issues, Applications, Case studies / [ed] Paul Cunningham; Miriam Cunningham, IOS Press, 2008, p. 806-814Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The shift in industry towards Functional Product Innovation implies more collaborative efforts between the partners forming joint ventures, i.e. cross-company collaboration. Hence, new demands are put on collaborative technology. Insights into needs for both industry and collaborative design teams provide the possibilities for ‘virtual co-location' to be enhanced. Following a workshop format, the radical innovation workshop, industrial criterions for collaborative technology has been analyzed based on empirical data from five Swedish manufacturing companies. During the workshop three scenarios were put forward by the industry as most relevant; (1) the design review, (2) to on-site remotely collaborate with an expert and (3) the day-to-day communication. Based on these scenarios, three industrial criterions emerged, namely efficient collaboration, effortless setup of communication and the capability to create trust without touch. Technologies to support Functional Product Innovation seem to insist on meeting these criterions.

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  • 48.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    A framework for collection of collaborative design research2007In: Design for society: knowledge, innovation and sustainability ; ICED '07 - Paris, 16th International Conference on Engineering Design ; 28 - 30 August 2007, Paris, France ; conference proceedings, Paris: Design Research Society, 2007Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In design research different methods are used to develop a descriptive understanding of a design activity. One approach is to use video and audio recordings of complex activities such as team meetings in engineering design. Video and audio recordings provide the researcher with a permanent data corpus that can be used to understand events considered difficult to observe in real time. The video approach also has several limitations, especially when observing distributed teams. This paper describes the needs for a data collection framework of distributed meetings, and how a prototype system has been realized. It also presents a framework on how a physical environment - the design studio - can be used to further facilitate design research. The presented tool is based on a conferencing system where additional video streams from the design environment can be recorded (showing detail views of interesting areas etc.). The tool uses a layered video approach and all video streams can be recorded and replayed for analysis. The tool supports visual and textual bookmarks that can be used to find a particular event in the recorded data. The tool clearly has some advantages compared to traditional data collection methods and enables researchers to follow distributed design sessions.

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  • 49. Bergström, Mattias
    et al.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Enabling technologies for distributed collaboration in functional product development2007Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 50. Bergström, Mattias
    et al.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Examining creative collaboration in distributed and co-located design teams2007In: Design for society: knowledge, innovation and sustainability ; ICED '07 - Paris, 16th International Conference on Engineering Design ; 28 - 30 August 2007, Paris, France ; conference proceedings, Paris: Design Research Society, 2007Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Product development, including all its phases, is today performed to a greater extent in globally dispersed teams. This paper compares two creative design sessions early in the product development process, one co-located session and one distributed session. The workflow in the co-located session was fluid and natural, whereas in the distributed session, it was sometimes disturbed by limitations ofthe mediating technology. The major deficiencies of the technology are the limited support for shared drawing surfaces, for shared control of these surfaces and for creation of concepts. In the co-located session embodied representation were used to describe, communicate and build upon concepts. Due to the limitations of the technology, these types of communication were seldom used in the distributedsession.

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