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  • 151.
    Abdullha, Khalid A.
    et al.
    Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq.
    Abdullha, Aziz I.
    Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.
    Abdul-Razzak, Ayad A.
    Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq.
    Al-Gburi, Majid
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Structural and Fire Engineering.
    Mechanical properties, thermal and chemical effect of polymer cotton bars reinforced with carbon / glass fiber2022In: Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, ISSN 1448-4846Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Many researchers are interested in using natural fibres to treat due to recent advancements in polymer characteristics. The mechanical properties of three types of bars are studied in this paper: Cotton Fibre-Reinforced Polymer bars, Cotton/Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer bars, and Cotton/Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polymer bars. The goal of the paper was to create low-cost bars with comparable mechanical performance and corrosion resistance to steel reinforcement. The bars were made using two methods: fibres immersed in polymer and fibres coated with polymer by repeated tension and relaxation of fibres. The second method produced better results in terms of the tensile strength of Cot.CFRP, Cot.GFRP, and Cot.FRP bars, which were 688, 477, and 284 MPa, respectively, and the stress–strain curve revealed brittle behaviour for all bars and modulus of elasticity of 43, 31 and 22 GPa. When sand was put on the bar’s surface, the bars demonstrated a good connection with the concrete. It also showed good resistance to moisture, alkaline solutions and acids, as well as heat resistance at temperatures below 200°C.

  • 152.
    Abdulmumin, Idris
    et al.
    Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; HausaNLP.
    Beukman, Michael
    University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
    Alabi, Jesujoba O.
    Saarland University, Germany.
    Emezue, Chris
    TUM, Germany; Mila - Quebec AI Institute.
    Asiko, Everlyn
    University of Cape Town, South Africa; African Institute for Mathematical Sciences.
    Adewumi, Oluwatosin
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
    Muhammad, Shamsuddeen Hassan
    HausaNLP; LIAAD-INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal.
    Adeyemi, Mofetoluwa
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Yousuf, Oreen
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Singh, Sahib
    Ford Motor Company.
    Gwadabe, Tajuddeen Rabiu
    HausaNLP; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
    Separating Grains from the Chaff: Using Data Filtering to Improve Multilingual Translation for Low-Resourced African Languages2022In: Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on Machine Translation (WMT) / [ed] Philipp Koehn, Loïc Barrault, Ondřej Bojar, Fethi Bougares, Rajen Chatterjee, Marta R. Costa-jussà, Christian Federmann, Mark Fishel, Alexander Fraser, Markus Freitag, Yvette Graham, Roman Grundkiewicz, Paco Guzman, Barry Haddow, Matthias Huck, Antonio Jimeno Yepes, Tom Kocmi, André Martins, Makoto Morishita, Christof Monz, Masaaki Nagata, Toshiaki Nakazawa, Matteo Negri, Aurélie Névéol, Mariana Neves, Martin Popel, Marco Turchi, Marcos Zampieri, Association for Computational Linguistics , 2022, p. 1001-1014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We participated in the WMT 2022 Large-Scale Machine Translation Evaluation for the African Languages Shared Task. This work de-scribes our approach, which is based on filtering the given noisy data using a sentence-pair classifier that was built by fine-tuning a pre-trained language model. To train the classifier, we obtain positive samples (i.e. high-quality parallel sentences) from a gold-standard curated dataset and extract negative samples (i.e.low-quality parallel sentences) from automatically aligned parallel data by choosing sentences with low alignment scores. Our final machine translation model was then trained on filtered data, instead of the entire noisy dataset. We empirically validate our approach by evaluating on two common datasets and show that data filtering generally improves overall translation quality, in some cases even significantly.

  • 153.
    Abdulrazzaq, Zaidoon Taha
    et al.
    Directorate of Space and Communications, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, 10070, Iraq.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Mining and Geotechnical Engineering.
    Aziz, Nadia Ahmed
    Directorate of Space and Communications, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, 10070, Iraq.
    Agbasi, Okechukwu Ebuka
    Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Department of Physics, Umudike, Nigeria.
    Etuk, Sunday Edet
    University of Uyo, Department of Physics, Uyo, Nigeria.
    Estimation of main aquifer parameters using geoelectric measurements to select the suitable wells locations in Bahr Al-Najaf depression, Iraq2020In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development, ISSN 2352-801X, Vol. 11, article id 100437Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aquifer parameters like hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity are extremely important for the management and development of groundwater resources. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) techniques were adopted for geophysical investigation in Fadaq plantation area within Bahr Al-Najaf depression, Iraq. A total of 22 VES point distributed as a grid along six profiles in the plantation with half-current electrode spacing (AB/2) is 400 m are used to evaluate the aquifer geoelectric and hydraulic parameters, where six 2D ERI profiles were conducted and concatenated as one 2D ERI profile with a total length of 4525 m to verify the results of VES. The average formation factor of the aquifer is 22.33 with porosity and water saturation average of 22.62% and 0.59% respectively. Geoelectric and hydraulic parameters estimated values are; apparent resistivity 2.17–2.92 Ω, formation factor 6.23–31.18, porosity 17.91–40.06%, water saturation 0.18–0.85, longitudinal conductance 1.60–10.06 Ω-1, transverse resistance 3258–27200 Ωm2, hydraulic conductivity 0.62–0.68 m2/day and transmissivity 70.68–198.05 m2/day. The thickness and bulk resistivity vary between 112 and 320 m and 18–85 Ωm respectively. About 26% of the aquifer in the study area has an intermediate designation, while 73.91% of the aquifer has high designation. There is a linear relationship between transmissivity and water saturation. Based on designation, protective capacity, and groundwater supply potential VES 6C, VES 7A, VES 4C and VES 2E were recommended for new drilling sites.

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  • 154.
    Abdulredha, Muhammad
    et al.
    Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq.
    Al-Samarrai, Shatha Y.
    Chemistry Department, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.
    Hussein, Ameer H.
    Al-Mussaib Technical Institute/Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Babylon, Iraq.
    Sadi Samaka, Isra’a
    Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Mining and Geotechnical Engineering.
    Aldhaibani, Omar A.
    Built Environment and Sustainable Technologies (BEST) Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
    Electrochemical defluorination of water: an experimental and morphological study2022In: Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, ISSN 2043-9083, Vol. 12, no 4, p. 394-404Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This experimental study concerns the elimination of fluoride from water using an electrocoagulation reactor having a variable flow direction in favour of increasing the electrolysing time, saving the reactor area, and water mixing. The detention time of the space-saver EC reactor (S-SECR) was measured and compared to the traditional reactors using an inert dye (red drain dye). Then, the influence of electrical current (1.5 ≤ δ ≤ 3.5 mA cm−2), pH of water (4 ≤ pH ≤ 10), and distance between electrodes (5 ≤ ϕ ≤ 15) on the defluoridation of water was analysed. The effect of the electrolysing activity on the electrodes' morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the operational cost was calculated. The results confirmed the removal of fluoride using S-SECR met the guideline of the World Health Organization (WHO) for fluoride levels in drinking water of ≤1.5 mg/L. S-SECR abated fluoride concentration from 20 mg/L to the WHO's guideline at δ, ϕ, pH, operational cost, and power consumption of 2.5 mA cm−2, 5 mm, 7, 0.346 USD m−3, and 5.03 kWh m−3, respectively. It was also found the S-SECR enhanced the detention time by 190% compared to the traditional reactors. The appearance of dents and irregularities on the surface of anodes in the SEM images proves the electrolysing process.

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  • 155.
    Abdulwahd, Abdulrazaq K.
    et al.
    Technical Institute of Haweeja, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk, Iraq.
    Liejy, Mohammed Ch.
    Technical Institute of Haweeja, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk, Iraq.
    Sulaiman, Mohanad A.
    General Commission for Running/Irrigation and Drainage, Kirkuk Province, Ministry of Water Resources, Kirkuk, Iraq.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Mining and Geotechnical Engineering.
    Water Runoff Estimation Using Geographical Information System (GIS) for Alrakhmah Basin Valley Northeast of Iraq2020In: Engineering, ISSN 1947-3931, E-ISSN 1947-394X, Vol. 12, no 6, p. 315-324Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The lack of water resources in many regions is the main challenge for the human being and to extended investigations. Water resources controlling and management is essential in the areas depending on the seasonal rainfall. This research aims to estimate the surface water runoff for Basin of Alrakhmah Valley located in the southwestern part of Kirkuk Province in northeastern of Iraq. Analyzing of Spatial data and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data has been conducted using Geographic Information System (GIS) to estimate the hydrological properties for the watershed valley with 158.5 km2 surface area. The results showed that watershed valley type is from the fifth rank with a longitudinal shape and topography percentage of 0.568. The watershed textures found to be 3.24 and the drain density 1.5 at 3.49 river branching. Finally, the annual estimated surface water retreat according to the morpho-hydro climatic elements found to be 0.01286233 milliard cubic meter.

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  • 156.
    Abdunabiev, Isomiddin
    et al.
    Department of Computer and Software, Hanyang University.
    Lee, Choonhwa
    Department of Computer and Software, Hanyang University.
    Hanif, Muhammad
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Digital Services and Systems.
    An Auto-Scaling Architecture for Container Clusters Using Deep Learning2021In: 2021년도 대한전자공학회 하계종합학술대회 논문집, DBpia , 2021, p. 1660-1663Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the past decade, cloud computing has become one of the essential techniques of many business areas, including social media, online shopping, music streaming, and many more. It is difficult for cloud providers to provision their systems in advance due to fluctuating changes in input workload and resultant resource demand. Therefore, there is a need for auto-scaling technology that can dynamically adjust resource allocation of cloud services based on incoming workload. In this paper, we present a predictive auto-scaler for Kubernetes environments to improve the quality of service. Being based on a proactive model, our proposed auto-scaling method serves as a foundation on which to build scalable and resource-efficient cloud systems.

  • 157.
    Abed Hussain, Tariq
    et al.
    Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
    Ismail, Mueyad M.
    Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Mining and Geotechnical Engineering.
    Simulation of the ground water flow in Karbala Governorate, Iraq2021In: Environmental Earth Sciences, ISSN 1866-6280, E-ISSN 1866-6299, Vol. 80, p. 1-6, article id 182Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The investigation region is found in the central part of Iraq within the of Karbala Governorate, where it is located in thewestern part of the Governorate and Lake Razaza in the north of the region, while in the western and southern part of theregion is Anbar Governorate and geographically (43° 10′ 25.7″, 43° 39″ 0.3″) longitude and (32° 10′ 25.7″, 32° 36′ 25.7″)latitude. The area of study is about 2400 Km2.The groundwater modeling system (GMS) v10.3 program was used for themodeling of ground water in the area containing about 22 wells distributed throughout the study area and the discharge ofthese wells ranges from 7 to 100 l/s and the rate of discharge of these wells up to 36 l/s. The model was initially operatedwithin a steady state and after obtaining a match between the models results with the initial values of groundwater levels,the results of this case were adopted as inputs to run the model within the unsteady state. The model was worked within thesight of the above wells for 3 years and the results of the operation indicate a decrease in groundwater levels ranging from2 to 21 m distributed uniformly throughout the study area.

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  • 158.
    Abed, Salwan Ali
    et al.
    Department of Environment, College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq.
    Ewaid, Salam Hussein
    Technical Institute of Shatra, Southern Technical University, Iraq.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Mining and Geotechnical Engineering.
    Evaluation of Water quality in the Tigris River within Baghdad, Iraq using Multivariate Statistical Techniques2019In: Journal of Physics, Conference Series, ISSN 1742-6588, E-ISSN 1742-6596, Vol. 1294, article id 072025Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This research concentrated on the Tigris River water quality monitoring information. Some multivariate statistical techniques were applied like basic Ingredient (PC) test, discriminant analysis (DA), multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) to evaluate important parameters affecting water quality during year 2017-2018. The study included 25 water quality parameters, viz., Temperature (T), Potential of Hydrogen (pH), Turbidity (Tur), Total Alkaline (TA), Full rigidity (TH), Calcium (Ca+2), Chloride (Cl-1), Magnesium (Mg+2), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Sulfate (SO4-2), Total Solids (TS), Suspended Solids (SS), Iron (Fe+2), Fluoride (F-1), Aluminum (Al+3), Nitrite (NO2-1), Nitrate (NO3-1), Silica (SiO2), Phosphate (PO4-3), Ammonia (NH3), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Sodium (Na+1), and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Generally, all the parameters were within the standards except Tur, TA, Ca+2, EC, SO4-2. The levels of Tur and EC are of critical factors influence upon the Tigris water quality. The PCA identified six principal components responsible for 78.12% of the variation caused by the industrial, domestic, municipal and agricultural runoff pollution sources. DA results produced the eight parameters; T, BOD5, EC, Mg+2, DO, Tur, Na+1, and COD as the most significant parameters differentiating the two parts of the year (the cold and warm seasons). The result of MLRA showed that BOD5, Na+1, T, DO, and PO4-3 are the important dependable factors for predicting the COD value as an indicator of organic and nonorganic pollution. This research demonstrated success importance utilizing Multivariate statistical methods like valuable instrument of administration, control, and preserve the water of the river.

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  • 159.
    Abed, Salwan Ali
    et al.
    College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq.
    Kadhum, Safaa A
    College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq .
    Ewaid, Salam Hussein
    Technical Institute of Shatra, Southern Technical University, Iraq .
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Mining and Geotechnical Engineering.
    Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of severe metal pollution of street dust from various urban regions in Baghdad, Iraq2020In: E3S Web of Conferences, E-ISSN 2267-1242, Vol. 158, no 1, p. 1-6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    This study sought to define the metals bioaccumulation from street dust in Baghdad, Iraq for the first time. The samples were collected that research the levels, sources, and health hazard model Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu. The geo accumulation Index (Igeo) found that the contamination level for Cd was moderately to strongly polluted in Karada, Jihad and Kinidi streets. Hence, it is important to measure the level of cadmium in the local environment. The relative bioaccumulation of chromium was high in Jadriyah Street (87.2%). The PCA showed two major sources of these minerals in Baghdad road dust that Cd, Zn are likely to originate from tire wear, brake wear and vehicular emissions as well as the fact that Cr and Cu originate from metal-processing industries. Assessing hazard to human health utilized measure population show suggested both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic hazards minerals Baghdad road dust harmless to human environment.

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  • 160. Abedelbari, Shereen
    Elektrisk stimulerings effekt på post-stroke spasticitet och motorfunktion2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 161. Abedi, Ali
    A study of appropriateness of information system development approach in preliminary investigation phase2002Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    With the existence of over a 1000 different Information System Development Methodologies (ISDM). Given the effort directed to development of ISDMs one would expect a lively discussion on how to select methodologies in practice and how to catalogue them as a perquisite to study the merits of various features and identify the most useful ones per project situation. However neither seems the case. One serious deficiency in Information Systems management is the lack of recognition that different projects require different managerial approaches. Although, there are enormous methodologies/design approaches in academic world and business world usually they can be grouped based on certain common characteristics. This research examines the relationship between information systems development methods and the characteristics of the domain in which they are used and the organizational policy regarding development approach adoption and adaptation per project. The fundamental theme in this research is based on a simple question of “how developer makes an informed choice for the selection of preferred Information System Development Approach (ISDA) by considering project characteristics?” The main proposition in this research is: cognition of complexity, uncertainty and formality of the work context will narrow down the choices to groups of approaches based on their two important characteristics namely mode of operation and means of expression. To examine and answer the research questions, a large-scale online survey was carried out targeted at companies with direct systems development exposure. Utilizing the theory and data retrieved from the survey, findings of the research is that adoption of information systems development approach based on project characteristics has a higher success rate compared to those not adopted in regards to project characteristics. The other finding is that cognition of project degree of complexity and uncertainty is necessary but not sufficient for making the adoption choice. In other words: non-project factors such as management of the approach and the risk associated with the approach should be taken into consideration in addition to the project characteristics for that matter.

  • 162.
    Abedin, Md. Zainal
    et al.
    University of Science and Technology Chittagong.
    Chowdhury, Abu Sayeed
    University of Science and Technology Chittagong.
    Hossain, Mohammad Shahadat
    University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
    Andersson, Karl
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Computer Science.
    Karim, Razuan
    University of Science and Technology Chittagong.
    An Interoperable IP based WSN for Smart Irrigation Systems2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have been highly developed which can be used in agriculture to enable optimal irrigation scheduling. Since there is an absence of widely used available methods to support effective agriculture practice in different weather conditions, WSN technology can be used to optimise irrigation in the crop fields. This paper presents architecture of an irrigation system by incorporating interoperable IP based WSN, which uses the protocol stacks and standard of the Internet of Things paradigm. The performance of fundamental issues of this network is emulated in Tmote Sky for 6LoWPAN over IEEE 802.15.4 radio link using the Contiki OS and the Cooja simulator. The simulated results of the performance of the WSN architecture presents the Round Trip Time (RTT) as well as the packet loss of different packet size. In addition, the average power consumption and the radio duty cycle of the sensors are studied. This will facilitate the deployment of a scalable and interoperable multi hop WSN, positioning of border router and to manage power consumption of the sensors.

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  • 163.
    Abedin, Md. Zainal
    et al.
    University of Science and Technology, Chittagong.
    Paul, Sukanta
    University of Science and Technology, Chittagong.
    Akhter, Sharmin
    University of Science and Technology, Chittagong.
    Siddiquee, Kazy Noor E Alam
    University of Science and Technology, Chittagong.
    Hossain, Mohammad Shahadat
    University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
    Andersson, Karl
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Computer Science.
    Selection of Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Irrigation Enabled by Wireless Sensor Networks2017In: Proceedings of 2017 IEEE 42nd Conference on Local Computer Networks Workshops, Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2017, p. 75-81Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are playing remarkable contribution in real time decision making by actuating the surroundings of environment. As a consequence, the contemporary agriculture is now using WSNs technology for better crop production, such as irrigation scheduling based on moisture level data sensed by the sensors. Since WSNs are deployed in constraints environments, the life time of sensors is very crucial for normal operation of the networks. In this regard routing protocol is a prime factor for the prolonged life time of sensors. This research focuses the performances analysis of some clustering based routing protocols to select the best routing protocol. Four algorithms are considered, namely Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Threshold Sensitive Energy Efficient sensor Network (TEEN), Stable Election Protocol (SEP) and Energy Aware Multi Hop Multi Path (EAMMH). The simulation is carried out in Matlab framework by using the mathematical models of those algortihms in heterogeneous environment. The performance metrics which are considered are stability period, network lifetime, number of dead nodes per round, number of cluster heads (CH) per round, throughput and average residual energy of node. The experimental results illustrate that TEEN provides greater stable region and lifetime than the others while SEP ensures more througput.

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  • 164.
    Abedin, Md. Zainal
    et al.
    University of Science and Technology, Chittagong.
    Siddiquee, Kazy Noor E Alam
    University of Science and Technology Chittagong.
    Bhuyan, M. S.
    University of Science & Technology Chittagong.
    Karim, Razuan
    University of Science and Technology Chittagong.
    Hossain, Mohammad Shahadat
    University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
    Andersson, Karl
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Computer Science.
    Performance Analysis of Anomaly Based Network Intrusion Detection Systems2018In: Proveedings of the 43nd IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks Workshops (LCN Workshops), Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Computer Society, 2018, p. 1-7Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Because of the increased popularity and fast expansion of the Internet as well as Internet of things, networks are growing rapidly in every corner of the society. As a result, huge amount of data is travelling across the computer networks that lead to the vulnerability of data integrity, confidentiality and reliability. So, network security is a burning issue to keep the integrity of systems and data. The traditional security guards such as firewalls with access control lists are not anymore enough to secure systems. To address the drawbacks of traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs), artificial intelligence and machine learning based models open up new opportunity to classify abnormal traffic as anomaly with a self-learning capability. Many supervised learning models have been adopted to detect anomaly from networks traffic. In quest to select a good learning model in terms of precision, recall, area under receiver operating curve, accuracy, F-score and model built time, this paper illustrates the performance comparison between Naïve Bayes, Multilayer Perceptron, J48, Naïve Bayes Tree, and Random Forest classification models. These models are trained and tested on three subsets of features derived from the original benchmark network intrusion detection dataset, NSL-KDD. The three subsets are derived by applying different attributes evaluator’s algorithms. The simulation is carried out by using the WEKA data mining tool.

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  • 165.
    Abel, Frank
    et al.
    TU Berlin.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Kuyumcu, Halit Z.
    TU Berlin.
    Einfluss verschiedener Parameter auf die Verdichtbarkeit und Festigkeit gestampfter Kohlekuchen2008Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 166.
    Abel, Frank
    et al.
    TU Berlin.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Kuyumcu, Halit Z.
    Stamped coal cakes in cokemaking technology Part 1 - A parameter study on stampability2009In: Ironmaking & steelmaking, ISSN 0301-9233, E-ISSN 1743-2812, Vol. 36, no 5, p. 321-326Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 167.
    Abel, Frank
    et al.
    TU Berlin.
    Rosenkranz, Jan
    Kuyumcu, Halit Z.
    TU Berlin.
    Stamped coal cakes in cokemaking technology Part 2 - The investigation of cake strength2009In: Ironmaking & steelmaking, ISSN 0301-9233, E-ISSN 1743-2812, Vol. 36, no 5, p. 327-332Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 168.
    Abel, Martin
    et al.
    Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
    Frommhold, Lothar
    Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
    Gustafsson, Magnus
    Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Collision-induced absorption at wavelengths near 5 μm by dense hydrogen gas2009In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 131, no 18, article id 181102Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 169.
    Abel, Martin
    et al.
    University of Texas, Physics Department.
    Frommhold, Lothar
    University of Texas, Physics Department.
    Wang, Fei
    Physics Department, Beijing Institute of Technology, China, University of Texas, Physics Department.
    Gustafsson, Magnus
    Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg.
    Li, Xiaoping
    Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University.
    Hunt, Katherine L.C.
    Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University.
    Collision-induced absorption by supermolecular complexes from a new potential energy and induced dipole surface, suited for calculations up to thousands of kelvin2010In: 20th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes: St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, 6 - 11 June 2010 ; [20th ICSLS] / [ed] John K.C. Lewis; Adriana Predoi-Cross, Melville, NY: American Institute of Physics (AIP), 2010, p. 251-257Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Absorption by pairs of H2 molecules is an important opacity source in the atmospheres of the outer planets, and thus of special astronomical interest. The emission spectra of cool white dwarf stars differ significantly from the expected blackbody spectra, amongst other reasons due to absorption by H2-H2, H2-He, and H2-H collisional complexes in the stellar atmospheres. To model the radiative processes in these atmospheres, which have temperatures of several thousand kelvin, one needs accurate knowledge of the induced dipole (ID) and potential energy surfaces (PES) of such collisional complexes. These come from quantum-chemical calculations with the H2 bonds stretched or compressed far from equilibrium. Laboratory measurements of collision-induced (CI) absorption exist only at much lower temperature. For H2 pairs at room temperature, the calculated spectra of the rototranslational band, the fundamental band, and the first overtone match the experimental data very well. In addition, with the newly obtained IDS it became possible to reproduce the measurements in the far blue wing of the rototranslational spectrum of H2 at 77.5 K, as well as at 300 K. Similarly good agreement between theory and measurement is seen in the fundamental band of molecular deuterium at room temperature. Furthermore, we also show the calculated absorption spectra of H2-He at 600 K and of H2-H2 at 2,000 K, for which there are no experimental data for comparison

  • 170.
    Abele, H.
    et al.
    TU-Wien, Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Wien, Austria.
    Alekou, A.
    CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
    Algora, A.
    Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, CSIC-Universitat de Valéncia, E-46071 Valéncia, Spain.
    Andersen, K.
    Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
    Baeßler, S.
    Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
    Barron-Pálos, L.
    Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000, Mexico.
    Barrow, J.
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
    Baussan, E.
    IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France.
    Bentley, P.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Berezhiani, Z.
    Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Universita’ di L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 1, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy.
    Beßler, Y.
    Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
    Bhattacharyya, A. K.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Bianchi, A.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Bijnens, J.
    Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Box 43, SE 221-00 Lund, Sweden.
    Blanco, C.
    Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton 08544, NJ, USA.
    Kraljevic, N. Blaskovic
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Blennow, M.
    Department of Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; The Oskar Klein Centre, AlbaNova University Center, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bodek, K.
    Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
    Bogomilov, M.
    Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Faculty of Physics, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
    Bohm, C.
    Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bolling, B.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Bouquerel, E.
    IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France.
    Brooijmans, G.
    Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
    Broussard, L. J.
    Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
    Buchan, O.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Burgman, A.
    Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
    Calén, H.
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Carlile, C. J.
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Cederkall, J.
    Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
    Chanel, E.
    Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
    Christiansen, P.
    Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
    Cirigliano, V.
    Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, 3910 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
    Collar, J. I.
    Enrico Fermi Institute and KICP, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
    Collins, M.
    Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Crawford, C. B.
    University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40504, USA.
    Morales, E. Cristaldo
    University of Milano-Bicocca and INFN sez. di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
    Cupiał, P.
    AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
    D’Alessi, L.
    IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France.
    Damian, J. I. M.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Danared, H.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Dancila, D.
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
    de André, J. P. A. M.
    IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France.
    Delahaye, J. P.
    CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
    Degenkolb, S.
    Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France.
    Di Julio, D. D.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Dracos, M.
    IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France.
    Dunne, K.
    Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Efthymiopoulos, I.
    CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
    Ekelöf, T.
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Eklund, L.
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Eshraqi, M.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Esteban, I.
    Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP), Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
    Fanourakis, G.
    Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, NCSR Demokritos, Neapoleos 27, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Greece.
    Farricker, A.
    Cockroft Institute (A36), Liverpool University, Warrington WA4 4AD, UK.
    Fernandez-Martinez, E.
    Departamento de Fisica Teorica and Instituto de Fisica Teorica, IFT-UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
    Ferreira, M. J.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Fertl, M.
    Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
    Fierlinger, P.
    Physikdepartment/E66, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
    Folsom, B.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Frank, A.
    Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia.
    Fratangelo, A.
    Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
    Friman-Gayer, U.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Fukuda, T.
    Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464–8602, Japan.
    Fynbo, H. O. U.
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Sosa, A. Garcia
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Gazis, N.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Gålnander, B.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Geralis, Th.
    Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, NCSR Demokritos, Neapoleos 27, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Greece.
    Ghosh, M.
    Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
    Gokbulut, G.
    University of Cukurova, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Physics, 01330 Adana, Turkey.
    Gomez-Cadenas, J. J.
    Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain.
    Gonzalez-Alonso, M.
    Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, CSIC-Universitat de Valéncia, E-46071 Valéncia, Spain.
    Gonzalez, F.
    Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
    Halić, L.
    Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
    Happe, C.
    Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
    Heil, P.
    Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
    Heinz, A.
    Institutionen för Fysik, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Herde, H.
    Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
    Holl, M.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Jenke, T.
    Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France.
    Jenssen, M.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Jericha, E.
    TU-Wien, Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Wien, Austria.
    Johansson, H. T.
    Institutionen för Fysik, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Johansson, R.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Johansson, T.
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Kamyshkov, Y.
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
    Topaksu, A. Kayis
    University of Cukurova, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Physics, 01330 Adana, Turkey.
    Kildetoft, B.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Kirch, K.
    Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
    Kliček, B.
    Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
    Klinkby, E.
    DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
    Kolevatov, R.
    European Spallation Source Consultant, Norway.
    Konrad, G.
    TU-Wien, Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Wien, Austria.
    Kozioł, M.
    AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
    Krhač, K.
    Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
    Kupść, A.
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden; National Centre for Nuclear Research, Pasteura 7, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
    Łacny, Ł.
    AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
    Larizgoitia, L.
    Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
    Lewis, C. M.
    Enrico Fermi Institute and KICP, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
    Lindroos, M.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Lychagin, E.
    Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia.
    Lytken, E.
    Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
    Maiano, C.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Marciniewski, P.
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Markaj, G.
    Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
    Märkisch, B.
    Physik-Department ENE, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
    Marrelli, C.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Martins, C.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Meirose, B.
    Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
    Mezzetto, M.
    INFN sez. di Padova, Padova, Italy.
    Milas, N.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Milstead, D.
    Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Monrabal, F.
    Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain.
    Muhrer, G.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Nepomuceno, A.
    Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Recife, 28890-000 Rio das Ostras, RJ, Brazil.
    Nesvizhevsky, V.
    Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France.
    Nilsson, T.
    Institutionen för Fysik, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Novella, P.
    Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, CSIC-Universitat de Valéncia, E-46071 Valéncia, Spain.
    Oglakci, M.
    University of Cukurova, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Physics, 01330 Adana, Turkey.
    Ohlsson, T.
    Department of Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; The Oskar Klein Centre, AlbaNova University Center, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Olvegård, M.
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Oskarsson, A.
    Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
    Ota, T.
    Departamento de Fisica Teorica and Instituto de Fisica Teorica, IFT-UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
    Park, J.
    Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; Now at The center for Exotic Nuclear Studies, Institute for Basic Science, 34126 Daejeon, Korea.
    Patrzalek, D.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Perrey, H.
    Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
    Persoz, M.
    Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
    Petkov, G.
    Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Faculty of Physics, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
    Piegsa, F. M.
    Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
    Pistillo, C.
    Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
    Poussot, P.
    IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France.
    Privitera, P.
    Enrico Fermi Institute and KICP, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France.
    Rataj, B.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Ries, D.
    Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
    Rizzi, N.
    DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
    Rosauro-Alcaraz, S.
    Pôle Théorie, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Iréne Joliot Curie (UMR 9012) CNRS/IN2P3, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91400 Orsay, France.
    Rozpedzik, D.
    Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
    Saiang, David
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Mining and Geotechnical Engineering.
    Santoro, V.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
    Schmidt, U.
    Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
    Schober, H.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Schulthess, I.
    Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
    Silverstein, S.
    Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Simón, A.
    Enrico Fermi Institute and KICP, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
    Sina, H.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Snamina, J.
    AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
    Snow, W. M.
    Department of Physics, Indiana University, 727 E. Third St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Indiana; University Center for Exploration of Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA Indiana; University Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA.
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    Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France.
    Stavropoulos, G.
    Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, NCSR Demokritos, Neapoleos 27, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Greece.
    Stipčević, M.
    Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
    Szybiński, B.
    AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
    Takibayev, A.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Tang, Z.
    Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87544, USA.
    Tarkeshian, R.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Theroine, C.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France; Physik-Department ENE, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
    Thorne, J.
    Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
    Terranova, F.
    University of Milano-Bicocca and INFN sez. di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
    Thomas, J.
    IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France.
    Tolba, T.
    Institute for Experimental Physics, Hamburg University, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
    Torres-Sánchez, P.
    Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
    Trachanas, E.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Tsenov, R.
    Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Faculty of Physics, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
    Uggerhøj, U. I.
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Vankova-Kirilova, G.
    Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Faculty of Physics, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
    Vassilopoulos, N.
    Spallation Neutron Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China.
    Wagner, R.
    Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France.
    Wang, X.
    Molecular Nanophotonics Group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Universität Leipzig, Germany; Scads.AI (Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence), Leipzig, Germany.
    Wildner, E.
    CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
    Wolke, M.
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Wurtz, J.
    IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France.
    Yiu, S. C.
    Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Yoon, S. G.
    Enrico Fermi Institute and KICP, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
    Young, A. R.
    Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8202, USA.
    Zanini, L.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
    Zejma, J.
    Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
    Zerzion, D.
    Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
    Zimmer, O.
    Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France.
    Zormpa, O.
    Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, NCSR Demokritos, Neapoleos 27, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Greece.
    Zou, Y.
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Particle physics at the European Spallation Source2023In: Physics reports, ISSN 0370-1573, E-ISSN 1873-6270, Vol. 1023, p. 1-84Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches).

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    Diversified design needs of personal protective devices and clothing in cold climate: an example in the design needs of protective outdoor winter shoes2000In: Ergonomics of protective clothing: proceedings of NOKOBETEF 6 and 1st European conference on protective clothing held in Stockholm,Sweden, May 7-10, 2000 / [ed] Kalev Kuklane; Ingvar Holmér, Stockholm: Arbetslivsinstitutet , 2000, p. 62-66Conference paper (Refereed)
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    Luleå University of Technology.
    Ergonomic problems outside work establishments in industrially developing countries: an example from Sri Lanka1997In: From experience to innovation: proceedings of the 13th triennial congress of the International Ergonomics Association, June 29 - July 4, 1997, Tampere, Finland / [ed] Pentt Seppälä, Taylor and Francis Group , 1997, p. 63-65Conference paper (Refereed)
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    Luleå University of Technology.
    Ergonomics aspects of personal protective devices1993In: Occupational and environmental economics / [ed] Rabindra Nath Sen; Haripada Chattopadhyay; Subir Das, Indian Society of Ergonomics. , 1993, p. 109-114Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of a personal protective device (ppd) is a widely accepted method of safeguarding workers from occupational hazards in industrialized countries (IC) and an important method employed in developing countries (DC). Though protection is assured if the devices are worn constantly, it is unfortunate that due to discomfort and inconvenience, the majority of those exposed to hazards do not wear them. DCs which mainly import ppds from ICs are confronting many ergonomics problems, because the equipment designed for IC conditions is inappropriate for use in DCs, due to significant differences in user body sizes, environments and working methods. A questionnaire survey conducted among ppd manufacturers in 11 ICs revealed that 90% followed standards in manufacturing. Another survey conducted among health and safety authorities who responded on behalf of ppd users in 35 DCs revealed that the most common ergonomic causes of non-use are stresses from hotness, weight, improper fit and obstruction at work. While manufacturers place greater emphasis in the protection performance of the equipment, users in DCs refuse to wear it because the comfort needs are not fulfilled. Developing ergonomics standards for ppds seems to be a feasible way of persuading the manufacturers to provide ergonomic values in ppds. The need for maximum allowable comfort in the design, taking into consideration the user characteristics and protection factor is emphasized. To overcome the inherent discomforts that are extremely difficult to reduce without compromising the protection efficiency of a ppd, the principle of user adaptation seems to be a very important facet which has to be developed. A case study on safety helmets is reported. The use of a personal protective device (ppd) is a widely accepted method of safeguarding workers from occupational hazards in industrialized countries (IC) and an important method employed in developing countries (DC). Though protection is assured if the devices are worn constantly, it is unfortunate that due to discomfort and inconvenience, the majority of those exposed to hazards do not wear them. DCs which mainly import ppds from ICs are confronting many ergonomics problems, because the equipment designed for IC conditions is inappropriate for use in DCs, due to significant differences in user body sizes, environments and working methods. A questionnaire survey conducted among ppd manufacturers in 11 ICs revealed that 90% followed standards in manufacturing. Another survey conducted among health and safety authorities who responded on behalf of ppd users in 35 DCs revealed that the most common ergonomic causes of non-use are stresses from hotness, weight, improper fit and obstruction at work. While manufacturers place greater emphasis in the protection performance of the equipment, users in DCs refuse to wear it because the comfort needs are not fulfilled. Developing ergonomics standards for ppds seems to be a feasible way of persuading the manufacturers to provide ergonomic values in ppds. The need for maximum allowable comfort in the design, taking into consideration the user characteristics and protection factor is emphasized. To overcome the inherent discomforts that are extremely difficult to reduce without compromising the protection efficiency of a ppd, the principle of user adaptation seems to be a very important facet which has to be developed. A case study on safety helmets is reported.

  • 175.
    Abeysekera, John
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Human factors of personal protective devices1998In: Global ergonomics: proceedings of the Ergonomics Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, 9-11 September 1998 / [ed] Pat A. Scott; R.S. Bridger; Jack Charteris, 1998, p. 157-164Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 176.
    Abeysekera, John
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Masters program in ergonomics at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden2000In: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, ISSN 0169-8141, E-ISSN 1872-8219, Vol. 26, no 5, p. 569-570Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 177.
    Abeysekera, John
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Some ergonomics issues in the design of personal protective devices1992In: Performance of protective clothing: fourth volume / [ed] Norman W, Henry; James P. McBriarty, Philadelphia, Pa.: ASTM International, 1992, p. 651-659Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of personal protective devices (ppd) is an important method to safeguard workers from occupational hazards both in industrialized and developing countries. Surveys have indicated that majority of those exposed to hazards are reluctant to use ppd because they are uncomfortable for such reasons as hotness, heaviness, ill fit, inconvenient, etc. Investigations have revealed that user-centered designs which satisfy the human factors needs of ppd, can reverse this trend and make ppd more acceptable. Because a questionnaire survey has shown that manufacturers are more inclined to adhere to standards, developing ergonomic standards seems to be a feasible method to persuade the manufacturers to provide the user needs in the design. Any unavoidable discomforts in ppd can be controlled by adaptation of users to ppd wearing.  

  • 178.
    Abeysekera, John
    Luleå University of Technology.
    The 10th Anniversary Ergonomics Conference, 29-30 October, 1999 Luleå University of Technology, Sweden2000In: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, ISSN 0169-8141, E-ISSN 1872-8219, Vol. 36, no 5, p. 571-572Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 179.
    Abeysekera, John
    Luleå University of Technology.
    The use of personal protective clothing and devices in the cold environment1992Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In the use of personal protective devices (ppd) in the cold environment the wearability problems become more aggravated as the ppd must be worn over the cold protective clothing. Research in the area of human factors of ppd in cold environment has been scarce in the past. The lack of adequate user needs in currently used ppd in the cold environment, has resulted in discomfort, injury, non-use, and performance decrement among outdoor workers, particularly in the extreme cold regions, viz. Arctic countries. A preliminary study on the 'state of the art' was carried out on the use of ppd in cold environment which consisted of a literature survey, questionnaire survey among outdoor workers and information search through visits to relevant research institutions, discussions with researchers and participation in Conferences. The literature search carried out in 6 data bases revealed useful information about specific areas where wearability problems exist in ppd as well as some methods to be employed in research. The results of the questionnaire survey carried out in the Luleå region confirm that workers confront many inadequacies in the use of ppd in the cold climate. From the findings of this preliminary study three important kinds of ppd viz. safety gloves, safety shoes and safety helmets are discussed in this report. Human factors research for ppd in the cold environment with a view for improvement of wearability and use seem urgent.

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  • 180.
    Abeysekera, John
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Barabash, V.
    Human factors of clothing and work-wear: a review1994In: Proceedings: Second International Congress on Physiological Anthropology : September 12 - 16, 1994, University of Kiel, Germany, Kiel: German Society of Physiological Anthropology , 1994, p. 137-142Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An extraordinarily large share of research carried out in the near past on clothing comfort has been in the area of thermal comfort. Accordingly standards, norms and guidelines on thermal requirements of work-wear have been developed. Through behavioural adjustments people have learned to achieve thermal comfort even if the work clothes have slight deficiencies in thermal characteristics. It is beyond doubt that the thermal characteristics need careful consideration in the manufacture of work clothes. At the same time one must be aware that other human factors can also influence the overall wearability of clothing. This paper reviews the wearability and comfort of the clothing and work-wear to provide better understanding of the priorities in user needs in work clothes which can help plan future research and the need for new standards

  • 181.
    Abeysekera, John D.
    Division of Occupational Hygiene, Department of Labour, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    Thermal environment and subjective discomfort of glass-factory workers in Sri Lanka1981In: Journal of Human Ergology, ISSN 0300-8134, Vol. 10, no 2, p. 185-192Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 182.
    Abeysekera, John D. A.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Bergquist, Karin
    Luleå University of Technology.
    The need for research on human factors regarding personal protective devices in the cold environment1996In: Performance of protective clothing / [ed] James S. Johnson; S.Z. Mansdorf, West Conshohocken, Pa: ASTM International, 1996, Vol. 5Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The human factors or wearability needs of personal protective devices (ppd) and clothing (ppc) worn in the cold environment become more important as they must compromise with, and be adapted to, the clothing worn for cold protection. The occupational risks among outdoor workers in the cold can be aggravated if the wearability demands of ppd are not met. Failure to adequately meet user needs in currently used ppd in the cold environment has resulted in discomfort, injury, non-use and performance decrement among outdoor workers, particularly in the extreme cold regions. A preliminary study consisting of a literature survey in popular data bases and questionnaire survey among users of ppd, were carried out to ascertain what studies have already been conducted in this area and whether a wearability problem really exists among users, respectively. The literature revealed some specific areas where wearability problems exist and some research carried out on methods of testing of ergonomic characteristics of ppd. The questionnaire among ppd users in the cold climate confirmed that the workers do confront many inadequacies in the use of ppd. A case study carried out on ergonomic demands of safety shoes in the cold climate among users, manufacturers and experts revealed a similar trend of demands and priorities in ergonomics of shoes among all three groups. From the findings of the preliminary study it can be concluded that human factors research in ppd and particularly ppd worn on body extremities, viz. safety helmets, shoes and gloves, for use in the cold environment, seem urgent. Some research needs in the development of methods of testing for ppd evaluation are suggested.

  • 183.
    Abeysekera, John D. A.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Adaptation to discomfort in personal protective devices: an example with safety helmets1990In: Ergonomics, ISSN 0014-0139, E-ISSN 1366-5847, Vol. 33, no 2, p. 137-145Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Discomfort in the use of personal protective devices (PPD) has been one of the chief causes of their non-use. A field trial using industrial helmets was carried out to ascertain whether by training and repeated wearing subjects could experience a significant adaptation to discomfort. Ten subjects took part in the trial in a tropical environment by wearing helmets repeatedly (6 h a day) for one month. Subjective evaluations of discomfort were made at the end of the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 14th and 30th day. It was revealed that complaints of discomfort, viz. hotness, heaviness, bad fit, etc., decreased markedly throughout the 30 day period. Though positive responses of adaptation to discomfort seem to reach an optimum towards 30 days, it is difficult to draw any conclusions on the optimum period of adaptation for each discomfort factor. In relation to inherent discomforts that are extremely difficult to overcome without compromising the protection efficiency of a PPD, the principle of adaptation seems to be a very important facet which has to be developed for an effective PPD programme.

  • 184.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    A comparative study of body size variability between people in industrialised countries and industrially developing countries, its impact on the use of imported goods1987In: Ergonomics in developing countries: international symposium : proceedings : Jakarta, Indonesia, 18-21 November 1985, Geneva: Arkansas Philological Association, 1987, p. 65-91Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 185.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Ergonomic aspects of personal protective devices in industrially developing countries1989Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
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  • 186.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Ergonomics and technology transfer1990In: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, ISSN 0169-8141, E-ISSN 1872-8219, Vol. 5, no 2, p. 181-184Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 187. Abeysekera, John D.A.
    Ergonomics for effective collaboration1997In: African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, ISSN 0788-4877, no 2, p. 27-Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 188.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    The Need for National and International Ergonomics Standards for Personal Protective Devices1989In: Advances in industrial ergonomics and safety 1: proceedings of the annual International Industrial Ergonomics and Safety Conference held in Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A., 5-9 June 1989 / [ed] Anil Mital, London: Taylor and Francis Group , 1989, p. 809-816Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 189.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Holmér, Ingvar
    National Institute for Working Life.
    Dupuis, Christer
    Heat transfer characteristics of industrial safety helmets1991In: Towards human work: solutions to problems in occupational health and safety, London: Taylor and Francis Group , 1991, p. 297-303Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 190.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Khan, Z.
    Slipping and falling accidents on icy surfaces: a case study from northern Sweden1998In: Problems with cold work: proceedings from an international symposium held in Stockholm, Sweden, November 16-20, 1997 / [ed] Ingvar Holmér; Kalev Kuklane, Solna: Arbetslivsinstitutet , 1998, p. 201-204Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 191.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Liu, Xiaoxiong
    A Scandinavian perspective on human factors testing of personal protective devices1997In: Performance of protective clothing: sixth volume ; [papers presented at the Sixth International Symposium on the Performance of Protective Clothing: Emerging Protection Technologies held in Orlando, Florida on 18 - 19 June 1996] / [ed] Jeffrey O. Stull; Arthur D. Schwope, West Conshohocken, Pa: ASTM International, 1997, p. 283-292Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Testing for protection performance and human factors in personal protective devices (PPD) can be undertaken using a standardised methodology. The standardised methodology for performance testing is used for the certification of PPD. However, it is unfortunate that methods of testing for human factors and wearability of PPD are scarce, and even the methods that do exist are not always refined or standardised. In both hot and cold environments, thermal comfort is an important user need of PPD. To test the thermal characteristics of PPD, methods providing objective data are available, yet they are not always standardised. An exception exists for insulation testing of clothing, for which standardised methods have been developed. The fit of PPD is also a priority need among wearers. Clothing fit is often tested subjectively. The objective methods developed to test the fit of PPD and clothing again require refinement and standardisation. Wearability of PPD urgently requires the development and standardisation of both objective and subjective testing methods. This paper provides insights into some testing methods on human factors of PPD that have been particularly useful over the years.

  • 192.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    A brief guide to questionnaire design: with examples from ergonomics1985Report (Other academic)
  • 193.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    A head-model reconstruction based upon photogrammetric data from Sri Lankan adult males relevant to the design of headgear1989In: Journal of Human Ergology, ISSN 0300-8134, Vol. 18, no 2, p. 199-211Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Due to the large variability in heads and faces in one population, the standard anthropometric dimensions of the head, measured from anatomical landmarks alone, may not suffice for the design of fitting headgear, e.g., helmets. To provide adequate data of the shapes and contours of the head to the designer, appropriate head models sculptured using comprehensive head dimensions, must be developed. This paper describes (a) a procedure of collecting comprehensive anthropometric data of the head using a photogrammetric method and (b) a simple sculpturing technique to reconstruct a head model of the user population

  • 194.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Body size data of Sri Lankan workers and their variability with other populations in the world: its impact on the use of imported goods1987In: Journal of Human Ergology, ISSN 0300-8134, Vol. 16, no 2, p. 193-208Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 195.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Body size variability between people in developed and developing countries and its impact on the use of imported goods1989In: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, ISSN 0169-8141, E-ISSN 1872-8219, Vol. 4, no 2, p. 139-149Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Industrially Developing Countries (IDC) today, to a great extent, depend on Industrialized Countries (IC) for the supply of most industrial goods. An attempt has been made to ascertain the degree of design incompatibility experienced by users of these imported goods due to differences in the body sizes of people in producer and user countries. A comparative study of variations in body sizes is made from data available in literature and from anthropometric surveys. The results reveal differences in almost every part of the human body. The need for reliable anthropometric data in respect of IDC is stressed. Urgent measures are required to introduce changes in equipment, particularly for the benefit of users in IDC.

  • 196.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Effect of the hot environment on man1988In: International Symposium on Work in a Hot Environment and Heat Related Disorders, Khartoum 27-31 Jan. 1988, 1988Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 197.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Ergonomic evaluation of modified industrial safety helmets for use in tropical environments1988In: Ergonomics International 88: proceedings of the tenth congress of the International Ergonomics Association, 1-5 August 1988, Sydney, Australia / [ed] Austen S. Adams, London: Taylor and Francis Group , 1988, p. 212-214Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 198.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Ergonomics aspects of personal protective equipment: its use in industrially developing countries1988In: Journal of Human Ergology, ISSN 0300-8134, Vol. 17, no 1, p. 67-79Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 199.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Ergonomics assessment of selected dust respirators: their use in the tropics1987In: Applied Ergonomics, ISSN 0003-6870, E-ISSN 1872-9126, Vol. 18, no 4, p. 266-272Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The suitability and effectiveness of four different types of British made respirators were studied with respect to comfort, convenience and fit on wearers in Sri Lanka (a developing country). Objective and subjective assessments were made to evaluate the degree of discomfort and interferences to the use of senses. The study revealed that factors such as breathing resistance, work-rate and activity period affected the physiological responses. The weight of the respirator and the skin temperature had no direct relationship with the cardiovascular stress. Positive-pressure respirators that gave lower face temperatures than negative-pressure masks gave this type of respirator an additional advantage in hot environments. Respirators that restricted jaw movement affected the speech intelligibility of the wearer. Orinasal masks restricted vision more than the other types. The problem of fit was found negligible though head and face dimensions significantly differed between the British and the Sri Lankans. Subjective assessment correlated well with objective tests.

  • 200.
    Abeysekera, John D.A.
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Shahnavaz, Houshang
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Human Work Science.
    Ergonomics evaluation of modified industrial helmets for use in tropical environments1988In: Ergonomics, ISSN 0014-0139, E-ISSN 1366-5847, Vol. 31, no 9, p. 1317-1329Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hotness, weight, fitting problems etc., have been found to be the chief causes of the unpopularity of industrial safety helmets in tropical environments in developing countries (DC). Some selected safety helmets manufactured in industrialized countries (IC) were modified to provide extra head ventilation and to reduce weight, in order to make them more acceptable to users in hot environments. The modified helmets were subjected to ergonomics evaluation both objectively and subjectively in the laboratory (in simulated tropical conditions) as well as in the field situation. There was evidence that white helmets had some advantages in comfort, viz. reduction of hotness, compared to the other colours, e.g. red, green etc., when worn in the presence of radiant heat in the laboratory. Ventilation holes provided at the top of the shell seemed to reduce the greenhouse effect within the helmet shell which therefore felt less uncomfortable than a fully covered helmet. Even with a small reduction of weight, such as 45 g in helmets weighing about 350g, the difference in weight was perceived by the wearers. In adapting helmets made in IC for use in tropical climates, head ventilation and low weight perception are important aspects in comfort which need to be considered. In addition to low cost, a harness material suitable for sweat absorption is required. Adjustability and sizing to fit 90% of the user population also needs to be considered in the design and manufacture of safety helmets for people in DC.

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