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  • 201.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Brännvall, Evelina
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Verksamhetsstöd. EXTfinansiering.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Andreas, Lale
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Project: North Waste Infrastructure2014Annet (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 202.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Brännvall, Evelina
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser.
    Taraškevičius, Ričardas
    Institute of Geology and Geography, Nature Research Centre.
    Aksamitauskas, Česlovas
    Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
    Zinkutė, Rimantė
    Institute of Geology and Geography, Nature Research Centre.
    Spatial variability of topsoil contamination with trace elements in Preschools in Vilnius, Lithuania2011Inngår i: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, ISSN 0375-6742, E-ISSN 1879-1689, Vol. 108, nr 1, s. 15-20Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    An investigation of the spatial variability of topsoil contamination level was performed in 49 preschool playgrounds located in Vilnius city and correlated with urban (height and age of the preschools and height of surrounding buildings) and natural (altitude) factors. Composite samples, consisting of 20-30 sub-samples, were collected from 10 cm topsoil layer with a 3-5 m distance from each other. Sieved fraction (< 0.63 mm) was ashed at 400 °C, ground to < 1.0 μm and analysed for the real total concentrations of 22 trace elements (Ag, B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, Y, Yb, Zn and Zr) using optical atomic emission spectrophotometry. Information on construction year and height (number of building stories) of preschool and surrounding buildings was acquired from the Centre of Registers of Lithuania. Out of 22 analysed elements, 13 to a greater extent exceeded the background values in several areas and were used to calculate the total contamination index (Zs13). Out of 49 analysed areas, 21 had moderately hazardous to hazardous levels of contamination as indicated by Zs13. The main contaminating elements, exceeding the permissible concentrations were Ag, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sn and Zn, the origins of which coincide with city industry and traffic. Topsoil around the newer preschool buildings, despite their location, contained lower concentrations of contaminants, while areas at higher altitudes were more contaminated than those located at lower altitudes. The latter causality is biased, as the city industry, and hence the highest contamination, is in districts located higher above sea level than the remaining studied sites.

  • 203.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Brännvall, Evelina
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Wolters, Martin
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Skoglund, Nils
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Energivetenskap.
    Cirba, Stasys
    Department of Mathematical Modelling, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
    Aksamitauskas, Vladislovas Ceslovas
    Department of Geodesy and Cadastre, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
    Phosphorus and cadmium availability in soil fertilized with biosolids and ashes2016Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 151, s. 124-132Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The recycling of hygienized municipal sewage sludge (biosolids) to soil as the source of phosphorus (P) is generally encouraged. The use of biosolids, however, has some concerns, such as the presence of elevated concentrations of potentially toxic trace elements, and the possible presence of pathogens, hormones and antibiotics. Organic substances are destroyed during combustion whereas trace elements could partly be separated from P in different ash fractions. Biomass combustion waste (ash) can instead be considered as an alternative P source. This study evaluates and compares the impact of biosolids and their combustion residues (ashes), when used as fertilizers, on P and Cd solubility in soil, plant growth and plant uptake of these elements. Biosolids were also amended with K and Ca to improve the composition and properties of P in ashes, and incinerated at either 800 °C or 950 °C. Combustion of biosolids improved the Cd/P ratio in ashes by 2-5 times, compared with the initial biosolids. The low Cd content in ashes (4-9 mg Cd (kg P)-1) makes this material a particularly attractive alternative to mineral fertilizers. Significantly higher pore water P (as well as total N) was measured in soils containing biosolids, but plants produced a higher biomass in soil fertilized with ashes. The K and Ca amendments prior to biosolids combustion generally decreased the total Cd in ash, but had little effect on P and Cd uptake and biomass growth. Similarly, the combustion temperature had negligible effect on these factors as well

  • 204.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Carabante, Ivan
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Kasiuliene, Alfreda
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Austruy, Annabelle
    PIAF - Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, INRAE, Université Clermont-Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions - Centre de Vie La Fossette, RD 268, 13270, Fos-sur-Mer, France.
    Mench, Michel
    Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Bât. B2, allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, F-33615, Pessac cedex, France.
    LONG-TERM stability of arsenic in iron amended contaminated soil2021Inngår i: Environmental Pollution, ISSN 0269-7491, E-ISSN 1873-6424, Vol. 269, artikkel-id 116017Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aimed at elucidating the long-term efficiency of soil remediation where chemical stabilization of arsenic (As) contaminated soil using zerovalent iron (Fe) amendments was applied. A combination of chemical extraction and extended X-Ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy technique was applied on soils collected from five laboratory and field experiments in Sweden and France. All soils were treated with 1 wt% of zerovalent Fe grit 2–15 years prior to the sampling. The results indicate that all studied soils, despite the elapsed time since their amendment with Fe grit, had substantial amounts of ferrihydrite and/or lepidocrocite. These metastable and the most reactive Fe (oxyhydr)oxides (mainly ferrihydrite) were still present in substantial amounts even in the soil that was treated 15 years prior to the sampling and contributed most to the As immobilisation in the amended soils. This increases confidence in the long-term efficiency of As immobilisation using zerovalent Fe amendments. Both applied methods, sequential extraction and EXAFS, were in line for most of the samples in terms of their ability to highlight As immobilisation by poorly crystalline Fe phases.

  • 205.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Desogus, Paolo
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Schulenburg, Sven
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Arenella, Mariarita
    Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence.
    Renella, Giancarlo
    Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence.
    Brännvall, Evelina
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Andreas, Lale
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Sjöblom, Rolf
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Utilisation of chemically stabilized arsenic-contaminated soil in a landfill cover2013Inngår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN 0944-1344, E-ISSN 1614-7499, Vol. 20, nr 12, s. 8649-8662Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study was to determine if an As-contaminated soil, stabilized using zerovalent iron (Fe0) and its combination with gypsum waste, coal fly ash, peat, or sewage sludge, could be used as a construction material at the top layer of the landfill cover. A reproduction of 2 m thick protection/vegetation layer of a landfill cover using a column setup was used to determine the ability of the amendments to reduce As solubility and stimulate soil functionality along the soil profile. Soil amendment with Fe0 was highly efficient in reducing As in soil porewater reaching 99 % reduction, but only at the soil surface. In the deeper soil layers (below 0.5 m), the Fe treatment had a reverse effect, As solubility increased dramatically exceeding that of the untreated soil or any other treatment by one to two orders of magnitude. A slight bioluminescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri was detected in the Fe0 treatment. Soil amendment with iron and peat showed no toxicity to bacteria and was the most efficient in reducing dissolved As in soil porewater throughout the 2 m soil profile followed by iron and gypsum treatment, most likely resulting from a low soil density and a good air diffusion to the soil. The least suitable combination of soil amendments for As immobilization was a mixture of iron with coal fly ash. An increase in all measured enzyme activities was observed in all treatments, particularly those receiving organic matter. For As to be stable in soil, a combination of amendments that can keep the soil porous and ensure the air diffusion through the entire soil layer of the landfill cover is required.

  • 206.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Ecke, Holger
    Maurice, Christian
    Impact of grassed swales on the fate of metals leached from roads built with municipal solid waste incineration bottom ashes2006Inngår i: Coal Combustion Byproducts and Environmental Issues: [Seventh International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements held at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, from June 15-19, 2003], New York: Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag, 2006, s. 87-98Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 207.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Fitts, Jeffrey
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY.
    Mench, Michel
    Bordeaux 1 University.
    X-ray spectroscopic analyses of As contaminated mining spoils 10 years after chemical stabilization2009Inngår i: 10th International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements: Frontiers in Trace Elements Reasearch and Education, 2009Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 208.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Fitts, Jeffrey P.
    Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY.
    Mench, Michel
    Bordeaux 1 University.
    Arsenic fractionation in mine spoils 10 years after aided phytostabilization2012Inngår i: Environmental Pollution, ISSN 0269-7491, E-ISSN 1873-6424, Vol. 166, s. 82-88Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Aided phytostabilization using a combination of compost, zerovalent iron grit and coal fly ash (CZA) amendments and revegetation effectively promoted the biological recovery of mining spoils generated at a gold mine in Portugal. Selective dissolution of spoil samples in combination with solid phase characterization using microbeam X-ray absorption near edge structure (μXANES) spectroscopy and microbeam X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) mapping were used to assess As associations in spoils ten years after CZA treatment. The results show that As preferentially associates with poorly crystalline Fe-oxyhydroxides as opposed to crystalline Fe-(oxyhydr)oxide phases. The crystalline Fe(III)-phases dominated in the treated spoil and exceeded those of the untreated spoil three-fold, but only 2.6–6.8% of total As was associated with this fraction. Correlation maps of As:Fe reveal that As in the CZA-treated spoils is primarily contained in surface coatings as precipitates and sorbates. Arsenic binding with poorly crystalline Fe-oxyhydroxides did not inhibit As uptake by plants.

  • 209.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Giagnoni, Laura
    Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence.
    Marschner, Bernd
    Ruhr-Universität Bochum.
    Denys, Sébastien
    Joint Research Unit (UMR) Biodiversity, Genes & Communities (BIOGECO), French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA).
    Mench, Michel
    Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (Anses).
    Adriaensen, Kristin
    i-CLEANTECH Vlaanderen.
    Vangronsveld, Jaco
    Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences.
    Puschenreiter, Markus
    University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna.
    Renella, Giancarlo
    Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence.
    Assessment of Methods for Determining Bioavailability of Trace Elements in Soils: A Review2017Inngår i: Pedosphere, ISSN 1002-0160, E-ISSN 2210-5107, Vol. 27, nr 3, s. 389-406Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Trace element-contaminated soils (TECSs) are one of the consequences of the past industrial development worldwide. Excessive exposure to trace elements (TEs) represents a permanent threat to ecosystems and humans worldwide owing to the capacity of metal(loid)s to cross the cell membranes of living organisms and of human epithelia, and their interference with cell metabolism. Quantification of TE bioavailability in soils is complicated due to the polyphasic and reactive nature of soil constituents. To unravel critical factors controlling soil TE bioavailability and to quantify the ecological toxicity of TECSs, TEs are pivotal for evaluating excessive exposure or deficiencies and controlling the ecological risks. While current knowledge on TE bioavailability and related cumulative consequences is growing, the lack of an integrated use of this concept still hinders its utilization for a more holistic view of ecosystem vulnerability and risks for human health. Bioavailability is not generally included in models for decision making in the appraisal of TECS remediation options. In this review we describe the methods for determining the TE bioavailability and technological developments, gaps in current knowledge, and research needed to better understand how TE bioavailability can be controlled by sustainable TECS management altering key chemical properties, which would allow policy decisions for environmental protection and risk management

  • 210.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Granström, H.
    Ruth, E.
    Maurice, Christian
    Immobilization of contaminants from bottom ashes: the role of soil organic matter2003Inngår i: Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, ISSN 1648-6897, E-ISSN 1822-4199, Vol. 11, nr 1, s. 14-22Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The utilization of bottom ashes from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) in road constructions might cause environmental problems due to the release of toxic metals. The present work is aimed at studying the suitability of soil as a treatment facility of metals leached out from bottom ashes. A laboratory experiment with three types of soil (forest soil, peat and mould soil), and with sand as a reference substrate, was performed to determine the binding capacity of each substrate towards heavy metals, such as Cu and Cr(VI). The results indicated that all the substrates were capable of removing on average 99,3 % of Cu from the solution, while only peat showed a high retention of Cr(VI) (96,2 %). The retention of Cr(VI) was directly proportional to the soil organic matter (SOM) content, while the retention of Cu had no correlation with the SOM of the substrates. A high retention of Cu shown by sand was due to its high content of pH which could favor the precipitation of Cu(OH)2. A synergetic effect of Cu on the retention of Cr(VI) by sand and mould was detected, i.e. increasing concentrations of Cu in the solution increased the retention of Cr. In all the other cases there was no statistically significant interaction between the retention of Cu and Cr(VI) by the analysed substrates.

  • 211.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Guerri, G.
    University of Florence.
    Landi, L.
    University of Florence.
    Pietramellara, G.
    University of Florence.
    Nannipieri, P.
    University of Florence.
    Renella, G.
    University of Florence.
    Microbial biomass, respiration and enzyme activities after in situ aided phytostabilization of a Pb- and Cu-contaminated soil2009Inngår i: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, ISSN 0147-6513, E-ISSN 1090-2414, Vol. 72, nr 1, s. 115-119Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We conducted a pilot-scale experiment to study the effects of an aided phytostabilisation on soil microbial and biological endpoints in an ore dust-contaminated soil. Soil was amended with alkaline fly ashes plus peat to reduce mobility of trace elements and vegetated with a proprietary grass/herb mixture. Results indicated that the proposed aided phytostabilization approach of Cu-Pb contaminaed soil significantly increased microbial biomass and respiration, reduced microbial stress and increased key soil enzyme activities. Further research is needed to unambiguously determine whether the soil biochemical endpoints that were studied responded more to decreased metal mobility or to general soil amelioration.

  • 212.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Referensdata för miljöbedömning av alternativa material i sluttäckning av avfallsupplag2009Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Soil is commonly used materials in top layers of landfill covers with the consumptions rates in Sweden reaching several million tons per year. Soil stabilization techniques may allow utilisation of soil containing elevated concentrations of trace elements as a secondary construction material at landfills; by this considerably reducing the demand for landfill capacity, clean soil and transports. Materials classified as waste are tested differently from the conventional materials (which are usually not investigated at all). It means that it becomes more complicated to use secondary materials and they are often disregarded, although in practice they can have just as good or even better properties than virgin materials. In order to make a reasonable evaluation of the suitability of stabilised soil for landfill covers, a comparison with the quality of the conventional materials used in landfill vegetation layers should be performed. The aim of the project was to collect data on the chemical properties of the vegetation layer with conventional materials that can be used as a reference for the evaluation of alternative construction materials. Soil and soil pore water samples were taken from the 25-30 cm depth of the upper cover layer at several areas within six landfill sites in Sweden (in total 16 sampling points). The samples were tested for total solids and loss on ignition (soil only), electrical conductivity, pH, redox potential and chemical element content. Leaching test (L/S10) and methane oxidation test were also performed with the soil samples. The studied vegetation covers of landfills varied extensively in chemical composition, where elemental concentrations differed between the materials with several orders of magnitude. Despite the high total concentrations of trace elements, their solubility was relatively low. Most materials can be classified as inert waste and in five of sixteen cases as non-hazardous waste. Soil pore water from three covers had metal concentrations that exceeded the limits at which the effects on water organisms may start to occur. However, this comparison is a conservative estimate of potential impacts on water environment as the pore water from the covers is affected by various processes, such as adsorption and dilution before it reaches groundwater or surface water. Methane oxidising capacity of the top cover materials correlated to some degree with the amount of organic matter and it also tended to be higher in younger covers. No causality can be established on the basis of available data, but it seems reasonable that an abundant supply of landfill gas, nutrients and water has been beneficial for methane oxidation in the younger covers that also contained higher amounts of organic matter.

  • 213. Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Maurice, Christian
    Retention of metals leached from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ashes in soils2006Inngår i: Soil & sediment contamination, ISSN 1532-0383, E-ISSN 1549-7887, Vol. 15, nr 4, s. 429-441Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Utilization of bottom ash in road construction may lead to a release of contaminants that can affect the soil of the swales constructed along these roads. Column tests were performed to evaluate the retention behavior of Cu, Cr, Zn, and Pb, originating from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash leachate, in two substrates: peat and mould (a cultural soil). A chemical sequential extraction method was used to predict the risk associated with the release of the retained elements with modifications of environmental conditions. Apart from the dissolution of organic matter (OM), ash leachate properties hindered the metal transport from peat. Mould was efficient only in removing Zn, making it a less favorable substrate for the leachate control along the roads. Readily soluble forms made up a minor fraction of the retained metals in peat, reducing the risk of metal release due to ion exchange and pH drop. Changes in redox potential might be the main cause of Zn desorption from peat as the Fe-Mn oxides were the main scavengers for this metal. Oxidation of OM would be the primary reason of Cu and Cr release, while for Pb both fractions (Fe-Mn oxides and OM) might equally contribute to the metal discharge.

  • 214. Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Maurice, Christian
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Stabilization of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil using amendments: a review2008Inngår i: Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, E-ISSN 1879-2456, Vol. 28, nr 1, s. 215-225Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The spread of contaminants in soil can be hindered by the soil stabilization technique. Contaminant immobilizing amendments decrease trace element leaching and their bioavailability by inducing various sorption processes: adsorption to mineral surfaces, formation of stable complexes with organic ligands, surface precipitation and ion exchange. Precipitation as salts and co-precipitation can also contribute to reducing contaminant mobility. The technique can be used in in situ and ex situ applications to reclaim and re-vegetate industrially devastated areas and mine-spoils, improve soil quality and reduce contaminant mobility by stabilizing agents and a beneficial use of industrial by-products. This study is an overview of data published during the last five years on the immobilization of one metalloid, As, and four heavy metals, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn, in soils. The most extensively studied amendments for As immobilization are Fe containing materials. The immobilization of As occurs through adsorption on Fe oxides by replacing the surface hydroxyl groups with the As ions, as well as by the formation of amorphous Fe(III) arsenates and/or insoluble secondary oxidation minerals. Cr stabilization mainly deals with Cr reduction from its toxic and mobile hexavalent form Cr(VI) to stable in natural environments Cr(III). The reduction is accelerated in soil by the presence of organic matter and divalent iron. Clays, carbonates, phosphates and Fe oxides were the common amendments tested for Cu immobilization. The suggested mechanisms of Cu retention were precipitation of Cu carbonates and oxyhydroxides, ion exchange and formation of ternary cation-anion complexes on the surface of Fe and Al oxy-hydroxides. Most of the studies on Pb stabilization were performed using various phosphorus-containing amendments, which reduce the Pb mobility by ionic exchange and precipitation of pyromorphite-type minerals. Zn can be successfully immobilized in soil by phosphorus amendments and clays.

  • 215. Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Maurice, Christian
    Stabilization of Pb- and Cu-contaminated soil using coal fly ash and peat2007Inngår i: Environmental Pollution, ISSN 0269-7491, E-ISSN 1873-6424, Vol. 145, nr 1, s. 365-373Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The stabilization of metal contaminated soil is being tested as an alternative remediation method to landfilling. An evaluation of the changes in Cu and Pb mobility and bioavailability in soil induced by the addition of coal fly ash and natural organic matter (peat) revealed that the amount of leached Cu decreased by 98.2% and Pb by 99.9%, as assessed by a batch test. Metal leaching from the treated soil was lower by two orders of magnitude compared to the untreated soil in the field lysimeters. A possible formation of mineral Cu- and Pb-bearing phases and active surface with oxides were identified by chemical equilibrium calculations. Low metal leaching during a two-year observation period, increased seed germination rate, reduced metal accumulation in plant shoots, and decreased toxicity to plants and bacteria, thereby demonstrating this stabilization method to be a promising technique for in situ remediation of Cu and Pb contaminated soil. Copper and lead mobility and bioavailability in soil can be effectively reduced by using a combination of coal fly ash and peat as soil amendments.

  • 216.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Lidelöw, Sofia
    Maurice, Christian
    Impact of water saturation level on arsenic leaching in iron-stabilized soil2007Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 217.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Liljedahl, Thomas
    Umeå university.
    Maurice, Christian
    Tysklind, Mats
    Umeå university.
    Kessler, Elisabeth
    Editorial2007Inngår i: Ambio, ISSN 0044-7447, E-ISSN 1654-7209, Vol. 36, nr 6, s. 429-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    During the last decades, contaminated soil has become of both public and scientific concern. National inventories have shown very large numbers of potentially contaminated sites originating from various industrial activities. Industrial technologies in the old days were often based on open systems designed without the insight of their being potential environmental threats. Legal actions taken against organizations responsible for water and air pollution have led to the development of new water and flue gas cleaning technologies. Today, contaminated land plays a major role in sustainable future land use, not only with regard to pollution resulting from old industrial activities but also with regard to the management of present industrial technologies and waste products.Issues related to contaminated soil are by definition interdisciplinary. In the Northern Sweden Soil Remediation Center (MCN), scientists from three universities (Umeå University, Luleå University of Technology, and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) and the Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI) have focused on developing a detailed understanding of the mechanisms and processes in the soil system. Fundamental and applied research in collaboration with enterprises has been performed concerning critical knowledge gaps.The MCN was initiated in 2001 and consists of scientists, representatives from authorities, consultants, and entrepreneurs. The major goals of the MCN have been to increase the scientific basis for the risk assessment of contaminated soil and, by improved knowledge of the interactions between different contaminants and the soil system, to guide the development of remediation methods. New scientific results have been implemented by collaboration enterprises and authorities that have added strategic value for the whole sector in general.This issue of AMBIO summarizes the MCN's research activities, which have focused on inorganic and organic pollutant behavior, analytical methods, and risk assessments of brownfields. In addition, invited contributions from research groups outside the MCN have added other valuable aspects to the multidisciplinary research field.

  • 218.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Maurice, Christian
    Remediation of soil contaminated with inorganic pollutants2003Inngår i: Proceedings / Sixth International Symposium & Exhibition on Environmental Contamination in Central & Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States: 1 - 4 September 2003, Prague Mariott Hotel, Prague, Czech Republic, Tallahassee, Fla: Institute for International Cooperative Environmental Research, Florida State University , 2003Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Development of onsite (in situ) soil treatment methods e.g. stabilization using soil amendments is gaining popularity as techniques less disruptive to the natural ecosystems and less expensive compared with conventional soil remediation methods. The study aimed at estimating the changes in the metal mobility resulting from the addition of the industrial rest products (coal fly ach, blast furnace slag) as amendments to the heavy metal contaminated soil. Soil samples contaminated with Cu, Cr, As, Pb were mixed either with 5% blast furnace slag (HS) + 4.6% peat or 5% coal fly ash (FA) + 4.6% peat. The chemical sequential extraction was applied to determine the redistribution of metal fractions in stabilized soil. The addition of the coal fly ash reduced the mobility of Pb by increasing pH of soil and by reducing the exchangeable fraction. Organic matter (peat) facilitated the stabilisation of Cu through the increase of the metal fraction bound to OM. Blast furnace slag was inefficient to increase the fraction bound to Fe-Mn oxides. On the contrary, the oxide fraction of Cu, Cr, and As decreased significantly after the addition of slag, probably due to the changes in redox conditions during the aging of the samples.

  • 219.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Maurice, Christian
    Stabilization of Pb and CU contaminated soil2004Inngår i: The 3rd Intercontinental Landfill Research Symposium November 29th - December 2nd, 2004 in Toya, Hokkaido Japan, Hokkaido, 2004, s. 167-169Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 220.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Mench, Michel
    UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Ecology of Communities, Bordeaux 1 University.
    Bes, Clémence M.
    UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Ecology of Communities, Bordeaux 1 University.
    Fitts, Jeffrey P.
    Energy, Environment & National Security, Environmental Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY.
    Assessment of aided phytostabilization of copper-contaminated soil by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and chemical extractions2011Inngår i: Environmental Pollution, ISSN 0269-7491, E-ISSN 1873-6424, Vol. 159, nr 6, s. 1536-1542Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Field plots were established at a timber treatment site to evaluate remediation of Cu contaminated topsoils with aided phytostabilization. Soil containing 2600 mg kg-1 Cu was amended with a combination of 5 wt% compost and 2 wt% iron grit, and vegetated. Sequential extraction was combined with extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy to correlate changes in Cu distribution across five fractions with changes in the predominant Cu compounds two years after treatment in parallel treated and untreated field plots. Exchangeable Cu dominated untreated soil, most likely as Cu(II) species non-specifically bound to natural organic matter. The EXAFS spectroscopic results are consistent with the sequential extraction results, which show a major shift in Cu distribution as a result of soil treatment to the fraction bound to poorly crystalline Fe oxyhydroxides forming binuclear inner-sphere complexes.

  • 221.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Montesinos, Isaac Castillo
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Maurice, Christian
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Evaluation of the critical factors controlling stability of chromium, copper, arsenic and zinc in iron-treated soil2007Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 67, nr 2, s. 410-417Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Various environmental factors are expected to affect the mobility of elements in chemically stabilized soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pH, oxidizing–reducing potential (Eh), liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), presence of organic matter (OM) and microbial activity (MA) on the mobility of chromium, copper, arsenic and zinc in zerovalent iron (Fe0)-stabilized soil. A 25 full factorial design was applied to assess the leaching of the elements from the treated soil. The factor having the most impact on the mobility of Cr, Cu and Zn was pH; low pH (3) led to the release of these elements. Arsenic remobilization was controlled by L/S and MA, whilst Eh, though also significant, had less influence. In the identified worst-case scenarios, more than half of the total Zn and Cu and 14% of As can be expected to remobilize from the treated soil. The leaching procedure concerning sample agitation and type of filtration showed to substantially affect the results of As leaching, especially in OM rich soil.

  • 222.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Niero, L.
    Universita Degli Studi di Padova.
    Chemically stabilized arsenic-contaminated soil for landfill covers2014Inngår i: One century of the discovery of arsenicosis in Latin America (1914-2014): As 2014 - proceedings of the 5th international congress on arsenic in the environment / [ed] Marta I. Litter, Boca Raton,Ffla.: CRC Press, 2014, s. 842-843Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Arsenic (As) stabilization using zerovalent iron (Fe0) and its combination with peat was investigated in soil used as a pilot scale landfill cover in Northern Sweden. Leachate percolating through a 2 m thick layer of treated and untreated soil was collected in field. Chemical fractionation using sequential extraction, phytotoxicity test with dwarf beans and bioaccessibility tests simulating gastric solution were performed to assess the residual risks to the environment and human health. The results show that the exchangeable As-fraction in stabilized soils decreased when compared to the untreated soil, while other fractions remained unaffected. All the morphological parameters of plants improved and the bioaccessible As-fraction significantly decreased in the Fe-peat treated soil. The analysis of the leachates collected in field showed a substantially decreased As concentration in the Fe-peat amended soil. Further sampling is on-going in order to determine whether or not the treatment is successful in a long-term.

  • 223.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Niero, L.
    Contaminated soil for landfill covers: Risk mitigation by arsenic immobilization2016Inngår i: Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability: Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, AS 2016 / [ed] Bhattacharya, Prosun; Vahter, Marie; Jarsjo, Jerker; Kumpiene, Jurate; Charlotte, Sparrenbom, London: CRC Press, 2016, s. 579-580Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study was to evaluate the risks of arsenic (As) spreading from soil that was used in a landfill cover. The As-contaminated soil was treated with iron, and a combination of iron and peat and placed in a pilot-scale landfill cover. The main exposure pathways concerning risks to human health and the environment were studied by analysing dissolved As in soil pore water, As phytotoxicity and bioaccessibility. The results showed that the stabilization of As-contaminated soil with a combination of Fe0and peat signifi-cantly reduced the As concentration in soil pore water, uptake by plants and improved the main morphological parameters of plants. The soil treatment also reduced the bioaccessibility As indicating the reduced risks to human health. Using Fe0amendment alone, the positive impact on the measured indicators was considerably smaller or not significant

  • 224.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Nordmark, Desiree
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Hamberg, Roger
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Carabante, Ivan
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Simanavičienė, Rūta
    Department of Mathematical Modelling, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
    Česlovas Aksamitauskas, Vladislovas
    Department of Geodesy and Cadastre, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
    Leaching of arsenic, copper and chromium from thermally treated soil2016Inngår i: Journal of Environmental Management, ISSN 0301-4797, E-ISSN 1095-8630, Vol. 183, nr 3, s. 460-466Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Thermal treatment, if properly performed, is an effective way of destroying organic compounds in contaminated soil, while impact on co-present inorganic contaminants varies depending on the element. Leaching of trace elements in thermally treated soil can be altered by co-combusting different types of materials. This study aimed at assessing changes in mobility of As, Cr and Cu in thermally treated soil as affected by addition of industrial by-products prior to soil combustion. Contaminated soil was mixed with either waste of gypsum boards, a steel processing residue (Fe3O4), fly ash from wood and coal combustion or a steel abrasive (96.5% Fe0). The mixes and unamended soil were thermally treated at 800 °C and divided into a fine fraction <0.125 mm and a coarse fraction >0.125 mm to simulate particle separation occurring in thermal treatment plants. The impact of the treatment on element behaviour was assessed by a batch leaching test, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The results suggest that thermal treatment is highly unfavourable for As contaminated soils as it increased both the As leaching in the fine particle size fraction and the mass of the fines (up to 92%). Soil amendment with Fe-containing compounds prior to the thermal treatment reduced As leaching to the levels acceptable for hazardous waste landfills, but only in the coarse fraction, which does not justify the usefulness of such treatment. Among the amendments used, gypsum most effectively reduced leaching of Cr and Cu in thermally treated soil and could be recommended for soils that do not contain As. Fly ash was the least effective amendment as it increased leaching of both Cr and As in majority of samples.

  • 225.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser.
    Nordmark, Desiree
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Robinson, Ryan
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser.
    Minskad mängd organiskt avfall på deponi: Effekt på redox-förhållanden, nedbrytning av organiskt material och utlakning av redox-känsliga ämnen2008Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    I den nya EU-lagstiftningen angående deponering av avfall (2003/33/EC) finns krav på att den totala organiska halten kol (TOC) i avfall inte bör överstiga 3% för inert avfall, 5% för icke farligt avfall, 6% för farligt avfall och 18% för restprodukter från avfallsförbränning, vilket innebär en sänkning av tidigare gränsvärden. Förändringen kan få konsekvenser för bland annat mobiliteten hos redox-känsliga ämnen. Vid analys av TOC enligt europeisk och svensk standard (EN 13 137) går det inte att särskilja mellan organiskt kol och elementärt kol vilket är ett problem eftersom elementärt kol är inert i deponeringssammanhang. Genom biologiska, kemiska och termogravimetriska analyser har det här projektet försökt ge svar på hur stor andel av TOC som motsvaras av organiskt, lätt nedbrytbart kol och hur stor effekt halten organiskt material har på utlakningen av redox-känsliga ämnen från avfall. Tre olika avfall har ingått i undersökningen och som representerar aktuella avfallsströmmar till svenska upplag: en CCAförorenad jord, en bottenaska från biobränsleförbränning och ett restavfall. Nedbrytningen av organiskt material i avfallen och dess inverkan på utlakningen av redoxkänsliga ämnen har studerats i laboratorieförsök med metoder som BMP-försök (metanbildningspotential vid nedbrytning av organiskt material) och olika laktest i oxiderad och reducerad miljö, med och utan tillsats av organiskt material. Kolspeciering har gjorts dels med standardiserade analysmetoder för TOC men också med termogravimetrisk (TG) analys kopplad till differentiell termisk analys (DTA) och quadrupole masspektrometri (QMS). Resultaten från kolspecieringen med TG-analys visar på att den dominerade andelen kol i samtliga avfall var elementärt kol (ca 60%) medan standardiserad TOC-analys visar på att allt kol i askan och jorden var organiskt. Kolinnehållet i restfraktionen varierade stort och gav inga signifikanta skillnader mellan totalt och organiskt kol. Bestämningen av TOC, med standardiserad metod, i jorden och askan gav signifikant högre värden än analys med TG. Restfaktionen uppvisade ingen signifikant skillnad mellan de båda metoderna. Restfraktionen uppvisade den högsta gasbildningspotentialen medan nedbrytningen av organiskt material i askor kan vara svår att bedöma med biologiska metoder på grund av karbonatiseringsreaktioner i materialet. Utlakningen av redox-känsliga ämnen påverkades av mängden reaktivt organiskt material. En hög halt organiskt material sänkte redoxpotentialen i avfallen och krom och koppa visade på en minskad utlakning i reducerade miljö i samtliga avfall, zink även i jorden och restfaktionen. Utlakningen av arsenik och bly ökade i reducerande miljö från samtliga avfall. Från askan ökade också utlakningen av zink. Generellt ökar utlakningen av ämnen som till största delen är bundna till reducerbart material (t.ex. Fe-Mn-oxider) vid en högre halt organiskt material, medan det omvända gäller för ämnen som till största delen är bundna till oxiderbart material (organiskt material och sulfider). Andra faktorer som inverkar på mobiliteten hos kritiska ämnen är faktorer som pH och närvaron av ligander. Även materialens fysiska egenskaper som porositet och permeabilitet måste vägas in vid en bedömning av ändrad avfallssammansättnings effekt på utlakningen från deponier.

  • 226.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Nordmark, Désirée
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Carabante, Ivan
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Sužiedelytė-Visockienė, Jūratė
    Department of Geodesy and Cadastre, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
    Česlovas Aksamitauskas, Vladislovas
    Department of Geodesy and Cadastre, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
    Remediation of soil contaminated with organic and inorganic wood impregnation chemicals by soil washing2017Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 184, s. 13-19Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a large scale washing/wet sieving technique for a soil contaminated with wood impregnation chemicals by 1) defining the final distribution of trace elements (As, Cu, Cr, Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in separated soil particle size fractions; and 2) defining the leaching behavior of the contaminants in these soil fractions. A soil washing experiment was implemented at waste management facility in Sweden using a full scale soil sorting and washing equipment. Five tons of soil was loaded to the equipment and wet-sieved into the following fractions: >16 mm, 8–16 mm, 2–8 mm, 0.2–2 mm, <0.2 mm and a fraction that floated on top of the slurry before the final separation phase, composed of organic matter (OM). Analysis of total concentrations of contaminants in all soil fractions indicated that wet sieving/soil washing was not efficient to reduce the total volume of soil that needs further treatment. Even the coarsest soil fractions (>8 mm) contained elevated concentrations of total As and PAH. Leaching of As from all washed soil fractions was so high, that none of the particle size fractions could be disposed of without additional treatment.

  • 227.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Ore, Solvita
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Maurice, Christian
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Erratum to "Stabilization of Pb- and Cu-contaminated soil using coal fly ash and peat" [vol 145, pg 365, 2007]2007Inngår i: Environmental Pollution, ISSN 0269-7491, E-ISSN 1873-6424, Vol. 148, nr 1, s. 384-384Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 228. Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Ore, Solvita
    Renella, Giancarlo
    University of Florence.
    Mench, Michel
    Bordeaux University.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Maurice, Christian
    Assessment of zerovalent iron for stabilization of chromium, copper, and arsenic in soil2006Inngår i: Environmental Pollution, ISSN 0269-7491, E-ISSN 1873-6424, Vol. 144, nr 1, s. 62-69Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Stabilization of soil contaminated with trace elements is a remediation practice that does not reduce the total content of contaminants, but lowers the amounts of mobile and bioavailable fractions. This study evaluated the efficiency of Fe(0) to reduce the mobility and bioavailability of Cr, Cu, As and Zn in a chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-contaminated soil using chemical, biochemical and biotoxicity tests. Contaminated soil was stabilized with 1% iron grit. This treatment decreased As and Cr concentrations in leachates (by 98% and 45%, respectively), in soil pore water (by 99% and 94%, respectively) and in plant shoots (by 84% and 95%, respectively). The stabilization technique also restored most of analyzed soil enzyme activities and reduced microbial toxicity, as evaluated by the BioTox test. After stabilization, exchangeable and bioaccessible fractions of Cu remained high, causing some residual toxicity in the treated soil.

  • 229.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Ragnvaldsson, Daniel
    Swedish Defence Research Agency, Umeå.
    Lövgren, Lars
    Umeå university.
    Tesfalidet, Solomon
    Umeå university.
    Gustavsson, Björn
    Lättström, Anders
    Umeå university.
    Leffler, Per
    Swedish Defence Research Agency, Umeå.
    Maurice, Christian
    Impact of water saturation level on arsenic and metal mobility in the Fe-amended soil2009Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 74, nr 2, s. 206-215Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The impact of water saturation level (oxidizing-reducing environment) on As and metal solubility in chromium, copper, arsenic (CCA)-contaminated soil amended with Fe-containing materials was studied. The soil was mixed with 0.1 and 1 wt% of iron grit (Fe(0)) and 1, 7 and 15 wt% of oxygen scarfing granulate (OSG, a by-product of steel processing). Solubility of As and metals was evaluated by a batch leaching test and analysis of soil pore water. Soil saturation with water greatly increased As solubility in the untreated as well as in the Fe-amended soil. This was related to the reductive dissolution of Fe oxides and increased concentration of As(III) species. Fe amendments showed As reducing capacity under both oxic and anoxic conditions. The cytotoxicity of the soil pore water correlated with the concentration of As(III). The Fe-treatments as well as water saturation of soil were less significant for the solubility of Cu, Cr and Zn than for As. The batch leaching test used for waste characterization substantially underestimated As solubility that could occur under water-saturated (anaerobic) conditions. In the case of soil landfilling, other techniques than Fe-stabilization of As containing soil should be considered.

  • 230.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Robinson, Ryan
    Brännvall, Evelina
    Nordmark, Desiree
    Bjurstöm, Henrik
    ÅF-Engineering AB.
    Andreas, Lale
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Ecke, Holger
    Carbon speciation in ash, residual waste and contaminated soil by thermal and chemical analyses2011Inngår i: Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, E-ISSN 1879-2456, Vol. 31, nr 1, s. 18-25Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Carbon in waste can occur as inorganic (IC), organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) each having distinct chemical properties and possible environmental effects. In this study, carbon speciation was performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), chemical degradation tests and the standard total organic carbon (TOC) measurement procedures in three types of waste materials (bottom ash, residual waste and contaminated soil). Over 50% of the total carbon (TC) in all studied materials (72% in ash and residual waste, and 59% in soil) was biologically non-reactive or EC as determined by thermogravimetric analyses. The speciation of TOC by chemical degradation also showed a presence of a non-degradable C fraction in all materials (60% of TOC in ash, 30% in residual waste and 13% in soil), though in smaller amounts than those determined by TGA. In principle, chemical degradation method can give an indication of the presence of potentially inert C in various waste materials, while TGA is a more precise technique for C speciation, given that waste-specific method adjustments are made. The standard TOC measurement yields exaggerated estimates of organic carbon and may therefore overestimate the potential environmental impacts (e.g. landfill gas generation) of waste materials in a landfill environment.

  • 231.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Sližytė, Danutė
    Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
    Andreas, Lale
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Suitability assessment of chemically stabilized soil for utilization in constructions2007Inngår i: Selected papers / The 9th International Conference Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques: International Association for Bridges and Structural Engineering, European Council of Civil Engineers, The Association of European Civil Engineering Faculties, Lithuanian Academy of Science, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius: Politechnika Gdanska, 2007, Vol. 3, s. 1126-1129Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 232.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Xu, Jingying
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Bäckström, Anna
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Arsenic leaching in landfilled soil2012Inngår i: Abstract proceedings of 7th Intercontinental Landfill Research Symposium: Södra Sunderbyn, June 25th to 27th, 2012 / [ed] Anders Lagerkvist, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2012, s. 87-Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 233.
    Kylefors, K.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Ecke, Holger
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Relevancy of a discharge limit of COD for landfill leachates1999Inngår i: Sardinia 99: proceedings / Seventh International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, [4 - 8 October 1999, S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy]. / [ed] Thomas H. Christensen, Cagliari: CISA, Environmental Sanitary Engineering Centre , 1999, Vol. 1, s. 201-205Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 234.
    Kylefors, Katarina
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Evaluation of leachate composition by multivariate data analysis (MVDA)2003Inngår i: Journal of Environmental Management, ISSN 0301-4797, E-ISSN 1095-8630, Vol. 68, nr 4, s. 367-76Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Landfills generate emissions in the form of gas and leachate. The emissions are often measured within monitoring programmes. It is likely that the requirements of such monitoring programmes can be extended in the future, particularly in light of the increased interest in specific organic substances. Multivariate data analyses (MVDA) have been used to evaluate the possibility of predicting the content of specific organic substances from more common analyses. The results indicate that this is possible for a specific leachate. MVDA can also be used to reduce the number of analyses performed within existing monitoring programmes while retaining information about all the variables formerly included in the programmes.

  • 235.
    Kylefors, Katarina
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Landfill leachate management: short and long term perspectives1997Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 236.
    Kylefors, Katarina
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Predictions of leaching from municipal solid waste (MSW) and measures to improve leachate management at landfills2002Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Landfill leachate from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills is a long-term emission problem, which may last for several hundreds of years. The waste management resulting in this type of problem cannot be considered sustainable. This doctoral thesis focuses on the possibilities for changing leachate management strategies in order to enable a greater degree of sustainability. The first part of the study focuses on results from laboratory and field experiments and addresses the long-term behaviour of MSW leaching. Methodological considerations, qualitative differences between leachates and quantitative estimations are included. The second, applied, part of the study includes sampling at two different landfills in Sweden and focuses on evaluation of - the possibilities and limitations of separate collection of polluted waters within a landfill area and - the possibilities of extending the content of monitoring programmes without extending the analytical programme. The results of the first part show that predictions of leachate qualities should not be performed with small-scale shaking leaching tests. Landfill simulator reactors are more appropriate. The results also confirm that leachate poses a long-term problem and that nitrogen is likely associated with the longest lasting environmental concerns. The time required to reach concentration limit values depends largely on the actual landfill design. The period to reach concentration limits is more generally expressed in terms of liquid to solid ratios than time. The period may be shortened by enhanced stabilisation of MSW. This may be done by, e.g., an increased water addition to the waste, an increased recirculation and a decreased size of waste particles. The results further show that it would be beneficial to implement separate collection of different polluted waters within the landfill area, especially with respect to surface run-off waters and leachate, but potentially also with respect to different leachates. Such a separate collection would facilitate an effective pollutant-oriented treatment without the need to manage unnecessarily large quantities. The number of analyses within a leachate monitoring programme can, by means of multivariate data analysis (MVDA), be reduced without loss of crucial information about the excluded analyses. Alternatively, it may also be possible to retain the number of analyses, but extend the information to include additional substances, like specific organic compounds. In the latter case, the added substances need to be included in a reference set for model creation.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 237.
    Kylefors, Katarina
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Andreas, Lale
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    A comparison of small scale pilot-scale and large-scale tests for predicting leaching behaviour of landfilled wastes2003Inngår i: Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, E-ISSN 1879-2456, Vol. 23, nr 1, s. 45-59Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Landfills generate emissions over long periods, often longer than a lifetime. The longest lasting emission is leachate. In order to estimate the future requirements for leachate treatment, different kinds of leaching tests may be applied. In this paper, shaking leaching tests (SLT), landfill-simulator leaching tests and a field-cell leaching test performed with ash, municipal solid waste (MSW) and MSW+ash are evaluated. The tests are compared and the factors influencing leaching are identified and discussed. The factors are: liquid to solid (L/S) ratio, water withdrawal, recirculation rate, presence or absence of biological processes, size of particles, duration of experiment, temperature and pre-treatment of the waste. The presence of biological processes has the greatest impact on leaching and is the main reason why SLT is less useful for long-term predictions. The landfill simulator tests were found to be useful for several different kinds of predictions. However, they are not reliable for predicting the L/S required for reaching a certain concentration. The possibilities for reliable long-term predictions would be facilitated by a better knowledge of the influence of various factors on leaching. Such an increased knowledge would make it possible to enhance waste stabilisation in leaching tests as well as in full-scale landfills.

  • 238.
    Kylefors, Katarina
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Ecke, Holger
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Accuracy of COD test for lanfill leachates2003Inngår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution, ISSN 0049-6979, E-ISSN 1573-2932, Vol. 146, nr 1-4, s. 153-169Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    COD (chemical oxygen demand) has historically been considered to be an estimate of organic matter, and though this is no longer the case, for most kinds of water it is still a fair approximation. Landfill leachates may, however, be one of the exceptions. Landfill leachate contains many inorganic substances and, in certain circumstances, high concentrations of volatile organic compounds like acetic acid; the COD value may be affected by these conditions. Designed experiments were performed to determine how COD could be affected by the composition of landfill leachates. The factors studied include the content of iron(II), manganese(II), sulphide, ethanol, acetic acid, ammonia, and chloride as well as different aspects of the COD analysis design. The results show that up to about one-third of COD may be due to the inorganic components of leachates. The main conclusion from the experiments is that COD cannot be used solely as a measure of the organic matter of landfill leachate since inorganic substances as well as interactions between substances may interfere with the COD results.

  • 239.
    Kylefors, Katarina
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Grennberg, Kerstin
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Nya upptäckter inom kvävets kretslopp: litteraturstudie över möjligheter att rena lakvatten2001Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Under slutet av 1800-talet och början av 1900-talet gjordes de första upptäckterna av oxidation av ammonium (nitrifikation) och reduktion av nitrat och nitrit (denitrifikation). Eftersom endast ett fåtal bakteriesläkten undersöktes, spreds uppfattningen att nitrifikation endast kunde utföras av bakterier som är aeroba (måste ha syre) och autotrofa (har koldioxid som kolkälla) och att denitrifikation utförs under anoxiska betingelser (i frånvaro av syre) av heterotrofa bakterier, som har organiska föreningar som kolkälla. Under de senaste årtiondena har flera upptäckter gjorts inom kvävets kretslopp av bakterier, som kan komma till användning för att minska mängden kväveföroreningar i förorenat vatten. De nya upptäckterna är följande: aeroba autotrofa nitrifikationsbakterier kan utföra denitrifikation under anaeroba betingelser. bakterier, som använder organiska föreningar som energikälla (kemoorganotrofer), kan utföra nitrifikation vid låga syrehalter. Slutprodukterna är nitrit och nitrat. denitrifikation kan utföras under aeroba betingelser av Thiospharea pantotropha. Slutprodukterna är huvudsakligen kväveoxider och kvävgas. samtidig nitrifikation och denitrifikation vid lågt syretryck eller vid anoxiska betingelser kan utföras av Thiospharea pantotropha och Nitrosomonas eutropha. Slutprodukterna är huvudsakligen kvävgas och kväveoxid. anaerob ammoniumoxidation kan utföras av Nitrosomonas eutropha och Nitrosomonas europaea tillsammans eller var för sig. Ammonium är elektrondonator och nitrit är elektronacceptor och kvävgas bildas. anaerob ammoniumoxidation (ANAMMOX) kan utföras av ännu inte helt identifierade litotrofa bakterier. Ammonium är elektron-donator och nitrit eller nitrat är elektronacceptor och kvävgas bildas (Jfr 5). Tillämpningen av de nya upptäckterna är begränsade till laboratorieförsök respektive observationer på befintliga anläggningar som inte varit utformade för dessa nya kväveomvandlingar. Det finns idag inga anläggningar utformade och etablerade i full skala för utnyttjande av de nyligen upptäckta omvandlingarna. Det finns flera potentiella fördelar med dessa metoder, vilka inkluderar besparingar i såväl investeringskostnader som driftskostnader. Vid flertalet av de nya omvandlingsvägarna utnyttjas nitrit istället för nitrat som oxidationsmedel. Detta leder till att merparten av de förslag som finns på utformning av anläggningar baseras på ett första reaktionssteg där nitrifikationen stoppas vid nitrit. Detta steg åtföljs av denitrifikationsreaktioner, med eller utan organiskt material som reduktionsmedel. I fallet utan organiskt material kan ammonium användas som reduktionsmedel. Denitrifikationsreaktionerna sker antingen i en separat reaktor eller i samma reaktor som nitritbildningen.

  • 240.
    Kylefors, Katarina
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Grennberg, Kerstin
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Local treatment of landfill leachates1995Inngår i: Wetland systems for water pollution control 1994: selected proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control, held in Guangzhou, China, 6-10 November, 1994 / [ed] R.H. Kadlec ; H. Brix, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1995, s. 539-548Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of different leachates on the germination of garden cress (Lepidum sativum) and on the growth of birches (Betula pendula). Untreated leachates, if of anaerobic origin, proved unsuitable for watering, negatively affecting both germination and growth. Such leachates would have to be pre-treated prior to being used for watering. The nutrient balance of the 5 studied leachates differed. A more optimal nutrient composition may be achievable by mixing different pre-treated leachates which would call for different wastes and leachates to be kept separate

  • 241.
    Kylefors, Katarina
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Behandling av fetthaltigt slam1993Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Fetthaltigt slam genereras från restauranger och livsmedelsindustrier. Slammet samlas upp i fettavskiljare, vilka är placerade på serviceledningarna i avloppssystemet. I rapporten redovisas olika försök med biologisk behandling av fettslam. Därutöver berörs bland annat problem med fett i avloppsnäten, vad fett är och hur fett bryts ned

  • 242.
    Kylefors, Katarina
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Time required for stabilisation of MSW landfills1998Inngår i: Svenskt symposium om upplagsforskning 1998: Third Swedish landfill research symposia 1998, 1998, s. 89-90Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 243.
    Kylefors, Katarina
    et al.
    LTU.
    Maurice, Christian
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Lokal lakvattenbehandling i Umeå: pilotförsök2001Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Lakvatten sambehandlas ofta med kommunalt avloppsvatten i avloppsreningsverk. Detta förfarande försöker man i Sverige stegvis frångå och istället etablera lokala behandlingsanläggningar på eller i anslutning till deponierna. De lokala anläggningarna kan därmed bättre anpassas för att behandla lakvattnets föroreningar. Som ett led i att etablera en lokal lakvattenbehandling på avfallsupplaget Dåvamyran i Umeå har en pilotanläggning för lakvattenbehandling etablerats under 1998 och 1999. Den huvudsakliga driftsäsongen har varit sommaren 2000. Denna rapport är en rapportering av i huvudsak säsongen 2000. I en förstudie hade ett behandlingsbehov för några olika vatten inom deponiområdet bestämts. Hypoteserna, som skulle bekräftas eller dementeras med forskningsprojektet, var: det finns olika kvaliteter vatten inom deponiområdet och de skiljer så mycket i sammansättning att det ur behandlingssynpunkt är relevant att hålla isär dessa kvaliteter. Det finns en basbehandling (sekvens av behandlingssteg) bestående av sandfilter, steg för nitrifikation och våtmark med rotzonsflöde till vilken olika vatten kan kopplas på i olika steg och därmed skapa en effektivare behandling än då allt vatten passerar alla behandlingssteg Det går att denitrifiera kväve i en rotzonsvåtmark i kallt klimat Resultaten av analysen av de olika vattenkvaliteterna på deponiområdet visar att koncentrationen av olika ämnen i ytvatten och lakvatten skiljer så mycket att det är relevant att hålla isär dessa. Ytvattnet skulle endast behöva en putsbehandling och därmed kopplas direkt till våtmarken. Även inom kategorin lakvatten finns det skillnader. Exempelvis är halten kväve för lakvatten från blandat industriavfall betydligt högre än i lakvattnet från aska. Metallhalterna å andra sidan är högre i asklakvattnet. Dessa skillnader skulle kunna motivera att hålla isär de olika lakvattenkvaliteterna. I huvudsak föreligger ett behandlingsbehov för järn, kväve och till viss del organiskt material och metaller. En pilotanläggning har etablerats och drivits på lakvatten från industriavfall. Anläggningen omfattar tre olika behandlingssteg i serie: Sandfilter för järnreduktion Biorotor för nitrifikation Våtmark med rotzonsflöde för denitrifikation och putsbehandling av organiskt material och metaller I sandfiltret sker en reduktion på upp till 70% av järn. Dock försämras funktionen med tiden och sandfiltret uppvisar högre halter ut än in under senare delen av säsongen. Andra metallhalter reduceras också över sandfiltret. För dessa återfinns inte någon tydlig tidstrend. I biorotorn sker en nitrifikation, dvs ammoniumkväve omvandlas till nitratkväve. Halten ammoniumkväve i utgående vatten är nära noll och halten nitratkväve är hög. Sammantaget sker dock en kväveförlust över biorotorn. Kväveförlusten i kombination med ett ökande pH tyder på att det sker en viss denitrifikation i biorotorn. Tydligast är detta i början av säsongen, då kväveförlusterna kan vara betydande. Perioder med stora temperaturfall leder till störningar i processen och förhöjda halter av nitritkväve uppmäts då i utloppet. Biorotorn har som mest nitrifierat ca 3,5 gN/m2,d. I de båda våtmarkerna sker sannolikt en viss denitrifikation. Tydligast är detta för våtmark två, vilken innehöll en sektion med matjord. En kvantifiering av kvävereduktionen är inte möjlig att genomföra med existerande data. Våtmarkerna har fungerat väl i det kalla klimatet. Bottenfrysning har undvikits tack vare ett isolerande snötäcke. Flertalet växtarter har överlevt och utvecklats, några har försvunnit. Temperaturmätningar i våtmarken tyder på att temperaturen överskrider 5°C under sex månader och att behandling därmed skulle vara möjlig under denna tid.

  • 244.
    Körlof, Elisabet
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Grennberg, Kerstin
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Björk på nedlagd åkermark i Norrbotten: etableringsmöjligheter och gödsling med restprodukter. Delrapport 2: Fältförsök1990Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 245. Körlof, Elisabet
    et al.
    Grennberg, Kerstin
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Björk på nedlagd åkermark i Norrbotten: etableringsmöjligheter och gödsling med restprodukter. Delrapport 3: Fältförsök. Resultat och utvärdering av tredje växtsäsongen1991Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 246.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Abstract proceedings of the 4th Intercontinental Landfill Research Symposium: 4th Intercontinental Landfill Research Symposium, June14th to 16th 2006, Gällivare, Sweden2006Collection/Antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 247.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Academic research on solid waste in Sweden 1994-20032006Inngår i: Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, E-ISSN 1879-2456, Vol. 26, nr 3, s. 277-283Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    A small desk survey was conducted in the spring of 2004 to get an overview on the development of waste research. The survey targeted the last 10 years of waste research at Swedish academic institutions trying to identify the total amount of research and trends over time with regard to issues, volume and distribution over academic disciplines. In the survey, only the theses written at major Swedish universities were considered. All post-graduate theses from major Swedish universities were reviewed. Data were obtained from the homepages and search engines of the various libraries as of May 13 2004. Altogether 90 theses were identified from nine universities, i.e., an average of 1 thesis per University per year. The results of the survey indicate that: (1) the academic waste research is very small in comparison to the R&D performed by the industry; there seems to be a lack of interaction between industry and academia; (2) waste research is slowly getting into established academic environments and gains in quantity and diversion over time; (3) in addition to being driven by environmental protection legislation, there also seems to be emerging more industry interest from a production perspective.

  • 248.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Aktivitet: Seminarium om användning av slam och aska som tätskikt på deponi2005Konferansepaper (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 249.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Anaeroba barriärer: en tänkbar strategi för återföring av avfall till naturens kretslopp1992Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 250.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Arbetsgruppen för deponigas, IEA1994Inngår i: RVF-nytt, ISSN 0284-1827, Vol. 8, nr 1, s. 32-33Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Deponigasgruppen inom International Energy Agency består av forskare och experter inom deponigasonrådet från 7 länder, bl a Danmark, Norge och Sverige. En viktig uppgift för gruppen är att sammanställa data angående deponigasanläggningar i de olika länderna och speciellt hur deponigas kan användas för olika energiändamål. Sammanställningarna ingår i en internationell databas över deponigasanläggningar

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