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  • 51.
    Brännvall, Evelina
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Wolters, Martin
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Sjöblom, Rolf
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik. Tekedo AB, Spinnarvägen 10, 611 37 Nyköping, Sweden.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Elements availability in soil fertilized with pelletized fly ash and biosolids2015Inngår i: Journal of Environmental Management, ISSN 0301-4797, E-ISSN 1095-8630, Vol. 159, s. 27-36Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of combined and pelletized industrial residues on availability and mobility of nutrients and potentially toxic elements in soil, plant growth and element uptake. Plant pot experiments were carried out using soil to which 2% of pelletized residue containing biosolids mixed with either municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MFA) or biofuel fly ash (BFA) was added. The tests showed that the plant growth did not correspond to the content of available nutrients in fertilised soil. MFA application to soil resulted in elevated concentrations of P (506 mg/kg), As (2.7 mg/kg), Cd (0.8 mg/kg) and Pb (12.1 mg/kg) in soil, lower plant uptake of Al (25 mg/kg) and Ba (51 mg/kg), but higher accumulation of As (4.3 mg/kg) and Cd (0.3 mg/kg) in plants compared to the unamended soil and soil amended with BFA. On average, the biomass of the plants grown in the soil containing MFA was larger than in other soils.Considering the use of industrial residue mixtures as soil amendments or fertilizers, the amount of added elements should not exceed those taken up by plants, by this preventing the increase of soil background concentrations.

  • 52.
    Brännvall, Evelina
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Zamora, Carles Belmonte
    LTU.
    Sjöblom, Rolf
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Effect of industrial residue combinations on availability of elements2014Inngår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials, ISSN 0304-3894, E-ISSN 1873-3336, Vol. 276, s. 171-181Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Industrial residues, such as fly ashes and biosolids, contain elements (e.g. N, P, K, S, Ca and Zn) that make them a viable alternative for synthetic fertilizers in forestry and agriculture. However, the use of these materials is often limited due to the presence of potentially toxic substances. It is therefore necessary to assess and, when warranted, modify the chemical and physical form of these and similar waste materials before any advantages are taken of their beneficial properties. Biofuel fly ash, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash, biosolids, peat, peat residues and gypsum board waste were combined in various proportions, and this resulted in increased leaching of N, P, S, Cu and Mn, but decreased leaching of Ca, K, Mg, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, Al, As and Pb. Chemical fractionation revealed that elements Ca, K, Mg, S and Mn were predominantly exchangeable, while the rest of the elements were less mobile. Cadmium was mostly exchangeable in MSWI fly ash, but less mobile in biofuel fly ash mixtures. Recycling of MSWI fly ash in the mixtures with fertilizers is considerably less attractive, due to the high levels of salts and exchangeable Cd.

  • 53.
    Båve, Eric
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Kretslopp och framtidshopp på Tuna: kompostering och växthusodling i kv. Kristallen i Luleå1996Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 54.
    Carabante, Ivan
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Industriell miljö- och processteknik.
    Grahn, Mattias
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Industriell miljö- och processteknik.
    Holmgren, Allan
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Industriell miljö- och processteknik.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Hedlund, Jonas
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Industriell miljö- och processteknik.
    Adsorption of As (V) on iron oxide nanoparticle films studied by in situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy2009Inngår i: Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, ISSN 0927-7757, E-ISSN 1873-4359, Vol. 346, nr 1-3, s. 106-113Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Stabilization of arsenic contaminated soils by iron oxides has been proposed as a remediation technique to prevent leaching of arsenate into the environment. Fundamental studies are needed to establish under which conditions the complexes formed are stable. In the present work, a powerful technique, viz. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, is adapted to studies of adsorption of arsenate species on iron oxides. This technique facilitates acquisition of both quantitative and qualitative in situ adsorption data.In the present work, about 800 nm thick films of 6-lineferrihydrite were deposited on ZnSe ATR crystals. Arsenate adsorption on the ferrihydrite film was studied at pD values ranging from 4 to 12 and at an arsenate concentration of 0.03 mM in D2O solution. The amount of adsorbed arsenate decreased with increasing pD as a result of the more negatively charged iron oxide surface at higher pD values. The adsorption and desorption kinetics were also studied. Arsenate showed a higher adsorption rate within the first 70 minutes and a much lower adsorption rate from 70 up to 300 minutes. The low adsorption rate at longer reaction times was partly due to a low desorption rate of already adsorbed carbonate species adsorbed at the surface. The desorption of carbonate species was evidenced by the appearance of negative absorption bands. The desorption of adsorbed arsenate complexes was examined by flushing with D2O at pD 4 and 8.5 and it was found that the complexes were very stable at pD 4 suggesting formation of mostly inner-sphere complexes whereas a fraction of the complexes at pD 8.5 were less stable than at pD 4, possibly due to the formation of outer-sphere complexes.In summary, the ATR technique was shown to provide in situ information about the adsorption rate, desorption rate and the speciation of the complexes formed within a single experiment, which is very difficult to obtain using other techniques.

  • 55.
    Carabante, Ivan
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Industriell miljö- och processteknik.
    Grahn, Mattias
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Industriell miljö- och processteknik.
    Holmgren, Allan
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Industriell miljö- och processteknik.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Hedlund, Jonas
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Industriell miljö- och processteknik.
    Influence of Zn(II) on the adsorption of arsenate onto ferrihydrite2012Inngår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 46, nr 24, s. 13152-13159Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Addition of iron oxide to arsenic-contaminated soil has been proposed as a means of reducing the mobility of arsenic in the soil. Arsenic and zinc are common coexisting contaminants in soils. The presence of zinc therefore may affect the adsorption properties of arsenic on iron oxide, and may thus affect its mobility in the soil. The influence of Zn(II) on the adsorption of arsenate ions on iron oxide was studied. Batch adsorption experiments indicated that Zn(II) increased the arsenate removal from a solution by ferrihydrite at pH 8. However, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy showed that no adsorption of arsenate on a ferrihydrite film occurred at pD 8 in the presence of Zn(II). Precipitation of zinc hydroxide carbonate followed by arsenate adorption onto the precipitate was found to be a plausible mechanism explaining the arsenate removal from a solution in the presence of Zn(II) at pH/pD 8. The previously suggested mechanisms attributing the enhanced removal of arsenate from solution in the presence of Zn(II) to additional adsorption on iron oxides could not be verified under the experimental conditions studied. It was also shown that at pH/pD 4, the presence of Zn(II) in the system did not significantly affect the adsorption of arsenate on ferrihydrite.

  • 56.
    Carabante, Ivan
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Industriell miljö- och processteknik.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Grahn, Mattias
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Industriell miljö- och processteknik.
    Holmgren, Allan
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Industriell miljö- och processteknik.
    Hedlund, Jonas
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Industriell miljö- och processteknik.
    A powerful method for studying the adsorption of As(V) on iron oxides in situ2008Inngår i: Arsenic in the environment - Arsenic from nature to humans: Book of Abstracts, 2008Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 57.
    Carabante, Ivan
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Mouzon, Johanne
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Kemiteknik.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Grahn, Mattias
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Kemiteknik.
    Fredriksson, Andreas
    Mining Technology R and D, LKAB Kiruna Mine.
    Hedlund, Jonas
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Kemiteknik.
    Reutilization of porous sintered hematite bodies as effective adsorbents for arsenic(V) removal from water2014Inngår i: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, ISSN 0888-5885, E-ISSN 1520-5045, Vol. 53, nr 32, s. 12689-12696Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A method was developed to enhance the arsenic adsorption capacity of porous bodies of sintered hematite. The method comprised the formation of a coating of 1 wt % iron oxide nanoparticles on the raw material. The nanoparticles showed two distinct habits: spherical habit, likely ferrihydrite, and acicular habit, likely goethite and/or akaganéite. The specific surface area of the hematite raw material increased from 0.5 to 3.75 m2/g, and the adsorption capacity increased from negligible to 0.65 mg of [As]/g as calculated from equilibrium and breakthrough adsorption data. Equilibrium adsorption data of arsenate on the adsorbent from a solution at pH 5 followed the Langmuir model, while breakthrough adsorption data for a 500 μg/L arsenate solution at pH 5 followed the Thomas model. The adsorbed arsenic could be desorbed using distilled water at pH 12. These results show the potential for the reutilization of waste products comprising coarse hematite bodies as adsorbents.

  • 58.
    Carlsson, My
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Pre-treatment of substrates for anaerobic digestion: potential and development needs2012Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Substrate pre-treatment has been gaining interest in anaerobic digestion (AD) as a means to increase biogas yields with nowadays more diversified substrate sources. The objective of this thesis is to identify improvement potentials and development needs within applications of substrate pretreatment in anaerobic digestion (AD) based on literature and specific examples, with special focus on the impact assessment and exemplified by the case of electroporation(EP) pre-treatment.The substrate inherent limitations to conversion of organic material to methane include content of non-biodegradable organic compounds, incorporation of biodegradable matter into recalcitrant structures and large particle size. WAS and lignocellulosic material are specific substrates that express significant substrate inherent limitations, especially WAS from WWTPs with long sludge age and lignocellulosic material with high lignin content.Improved AD performance relies on increasing operational methane yield as to approximate as much as possible the actual potential methane yield of the substrate at the highest possible digestion rate. This could potentially be achieved by the application of a pre-treatment, via the mechanisms of particle size reduction/solubilisation of biodegradable/bioavailable matter and/or conversion/exposure of non-biodegradable/non-bioavailable matter as to make it available or degradable. Pre-treatment mechanisms that could potentially counteract these effects are the removal of organic matter and/or the formation of refractory compounds. Pre-treatment by electroporation has the potential to affect substrates and, in some cases improve AD process performance. However, the effect of a specific pre-treatment may differ depending on the type of substrate upon which it is applied. The assessment of pre-treatment effects may be performed on different levels, representing impacts from micro to macro scale. On a substrate level, COD solubilisation is commonly measured, but the interpretation is aggravated by the application of different measurement approaches. In addition, solubilisation of COD as a result of pre-treatment does not necessarily translate into increased operational methane yield, and vice versa, the increased operational yield is not necessarily caused by increased COD solubilisation. On an AD process performance level, BMP tests have been used to assess both increased biodegradability and increased rate of degradation. Both applications rely on appropriate set-up as well as understanding of the limitations of the test. Substrate pre-treatment affects the quality of the outputs as well as the downstream processes of an AD process. A systematic approach is therefore necessary to understand how the introduction of a pre-treatment process as well as the changes in process performance with respect to qualities and quantities of outputs affect the balances of the system with respect to assessment bases such as energy, CO2 or economics.Several areas that would gain from further development can be identified within the area of substrate pre-treatment. These include improved understanding of substrate characteristics with improved descriptors, such as improved understanding of COD composition, and of BMP applicability and limitations. In addition, improved understanding of the relationship between substrate composition and process performance would be helpful to improve the understanding of different pre-treatment effects.Improved understanding of system effects where case-specific conditions can be considered is necessary for the full-scale implementation of pre-treatments to a larger extent. The application of tools for systems analysis to systems including pre-treatment should be further evaluated and a sensitivity analysis with respect to which specific conditions may render pre-treatments beneficial or non-beneficial should be performed.The practical applicability of electroporation pre-treatment for different substrates needs further development and the energy efficiency of the pre-treatment should be evaluated considering upscaling effects.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 59.
    Carlsson, My
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    When and why is pre-treatment of substrates for anaerobic digestion useful?2015Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Anaerobic digestion (AD) plays a key role in the recovery of renewable energy, in the form of biogas, and nutrients from waste materials. Pre-treatment of AD substrates has the potential to improve process performance in terms of increased methane yield and solids reduction, but pretreatments are not yet widely implemented into full-scale AD systems. The aims of this thesis were to identify conditions that determine when pre-treatment has a positive impact on an AD system and ways to improve the practical utility of pre-treatment impact assessment. Key steps towards meeting these aims were to determine and critically analyse effects of pre-treatments on AD, and current evaluation schemes at three levels: AD substrate level – Direct effects on the substrate’s chemical and physical characteristics and its biodegradability/bioavailability; Local AD system level – Effects of pre-treatment on the AD process and its outputs, required inputs and (local) upstream and downstream processes. System boundaries are “at the gate” of the AD plant and the system analysis may consider energy and/or financial parameters; Expanded AD System level – Includes indirect effects of pre-treatment, with system boundaries including external processes. The system analysis may address environmental and/or economic effects. Different substrate traits represent different types and degrees of limitations to optimal AD performance that can be met by different pre-treatment mechanisms. Most importantly, potential mechanical problems must be handled by dilution and/or homogenisation and unwanted components, as generally found in source-sorted food waste from households (FW), must be separated. These traits may hinder the actual operation of AD and the potential for recovery of nutrients, which is often the motivation for biological waste treatment. When these practical barriers are overcome, pre-treatment focus may be directed towards maximizing the conversion of organic material to biogas, which is potentially limited by the rate and/or extent of hydrolysis. Lignocellulosic structures and aerobically stabilised biological sludge represent significant barriers to hydrolysis, which can be overcome by pre-treatment-induced solubilisation. Other particulates are merely hydrolysis-limited by their size, which can be reduced by specific pre-treatments. Finally, substrates may contain non-biodegradable organic compounds, which need to be chemically transformed in order to be converted to biogas. The substrates considered for AD incorporate these traits in varying degrees and even among substrates of the same category, such as plant material and excess sludge from wastewater treatment (WWT), the potential effect of pretreatments may vary considerably. Overcoming the substrate barriers via pre-treatment may potentially improve the AD system by enhancing operational stability, increasing methane yields and solids reduction under similar operating conditions to those without pre-treatment or by increasing methane productivity by allowing reductions in hydraulic retention time without changing the methane yield. However, the required inputs as well as the associated effects on related sub-processes must also be considered. The ultimate usefulness of a pre-treatment in a specific system is determined by the mass- and energy balance and the associated financial or environmental costs/values of inputs and outputs. The accuracy and applicability of pre-treatment impact assessment is challenged by method limitations and lack of transparency. A common measure of the pre-treatment effects is COD solubilisation, but the interpretation is complicated by the application of different measurementapproaches. In addition, solubilisation of COD as a result of pre-treatment does not necessarily translate into increases in operational methane yields. This is due to potential formation of refractory compounds and the fact that hydrolysis is not necessarily rate limiting for all particulates. Pre-treatments’ effects on biodegradability and degradation rates can be better assessed by BMP tests (biochemical methane potential), provided that the test conditions are appropriate and the tests’ limitations are properly considered. However, extrapolation of BMP results to continuous processes is complicated by the batch mode of the tests. On the other hand, results from continuous trials allow assessments of methane yields in practical systems and the digestate’s physico-chemical properties, but are inevitably tied to the specific process conditions tested. Thus, results from multiple experimental conditions, possibly strengthened by computer simulations, are necessary for generalisations of pre-treatment effects on AD process performance. Pre-treatments have the potential to considerably improve AD systems, but their implementation must to be guided by the actual improvement potential of the specific substrate and valued in theirspecific context with respect to process design and framework conditions.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 60.
    Carlsson, My
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Holmström, David
    Profu AB, Mölndal.
    Bohn, Irene
    NSR, North Western Scania Waste Management Company, Helsingborg.
    Bisaillon, Mattias
    Profu AB, Mölndal.
    Morgan-Sagastume, Fernando
    AnoxKaldnes AB, Klosterängsvägen 11A, 226 47 Lund.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Impact of physical pre-treatment of source-sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste on greenhouse-gas emissions and the economy in a Swedish anaerobic digestion system2015Inngår i: Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, E-ISSN 1879-2456, Vol. 38, s. 117-125Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Several methods for physical pre-treatments of source sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste (SSOFMSW) before for anaerobic digestion (AD) are available, with the common feature that they generate a homogeneous slurry for AD and a dry refuse fraction for incineration. The selection of efficient methods relies on improved understanding of how the pre-treatment impacts on the separation and on the slurry’s AD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the performance of physical pre-treatment of SSOFMSW on greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions and on the economy of an AD system including a biogas plant with supplementary systems for heat and power production in Sweden. Based on the performance of selected Swedish facilities, as well as chemical analyses and BMP tests of slurry and refuse, the computer-based evaluation tool ORWARE was improved as to accurately describe mass flows through the physical pre-treatment and anaerobic degradation. The environmental and economic performance of the evaluated system was influenced by the TS concentration in the slurry, as well as the distribution of incoming solids between slurry and refuse. The focus to improve the efficiency of these systems should primarily be directed towards minimising the water addition in the pre-treatment provided that this slurry can still be efficiently digested. Second, the amount of refuse should be minimised, while keeping a good quality of the slurry. Electricity use/generation has high impact on GHG emissions and the results of the study are sensitive to assumptions of marginal electricity and of electricity use in the pre-treatment.

  • 61. Carlsson, My
    et al.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Ecke, Holger
    Electroporation for enhanced methane yield from municipal solid waste2008Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 62.
    Carlsson, My
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik. Veolia Water Technologies AB (AnoxKaldnes), Lund, Sweden.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Morgan-Sagastume, Fernando
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik. Veolia Water Technologies AB (AnoxKaldnes), Lund, Sweden.
    Energy balance performance of municipal wastewater treatment systems considering sludge anaerobic biodegradability and biogas utilisation routes2016Inngår i: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, E-ISSN 2213-3437, Vol. 4, nr 4, s. 4680-4689Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The energy balance of a municipal wastewater treatment (WWT) system was evaluated considering the influence of excess biological sludge anaerobic biodegradability (BDAn) and of biogas utilisation as either fuel for co-generation of heat and power (CHP) or for vehicle transport. Sludge thermal pre-treatment prior to anaerobic digestion and high-rate carbon removal were considered as modifications of a reference municipal WWT system to impact the sludge BDAn. Both thermal pre-treatment and a high-rate process with a short sludge retention time (SRT = 1-3d) led to ∼30% higher sludge BDAn than that of untreated sludge from a low-rate WWT system with long SRT ( > 8d), which enhanced methane yields and energy production correspondingly. An efficient separation (40% of CODin) of primary solids promoted biogas production by capturing a significant part of the incoming COD, and lowered aeration energy demands for carbon oxidation due to lower loads of particulate organics into the biological treatment. Thermal pre-treatment can most effectively increase the biodegradability of sludge originating from a low-rate WWT system with a long SRT. Sludge solubilization alone as an indicator of increase biodegradability by a pre-treatment is inadequate for sludge types with inherently high biodegradability. A WWT system with primary separation, sludge pre-treatment, and CHP from biogas can be a net electricity producer and self-sufficient in thermal energy, provided the thermal energy from CHP is available for the pre-treatment. With other types of energy carriers as inputs and outputs, the WWT performance also needs evaluation with respect to the energy economic and environmental value. 

  • 63.
    Carlsson, My
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Morgan-Sagastume, Fernando
    AnoxKaldnes AB.
    The effects of substrate pre-treatment on anaerobic digestion systems: a review2012Inngår i: Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, E-ISSN 1879-2456, Vol. 32, nr 9, s. 1634-1650Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Focus is placed on substrate pre-treatment in anaerobic digestion (AD) as a means of increasing biogas yields using today’s diversified substrate sources. Current pre-treatment methods to improve AD are being examined with regard to their effects on different substrate types, highlighting approaches and associated challenges in evaluating substrate pre-treatment in AD systems and its influence on the overall system of evaluation. WWTP residues represent the substrate type that is most frequently assessed in pre-treatment studies, followed by energy crops/harvesting residues, organic fraction of municipal solid waste, organic waste from food industry and manure. The pre-treatment effects are complex and generally linked to substrate characteristics and pre-treatment mechanisms. Overall, substrates containing lignin or bacterial cells appear to be the most amendable to pre-treatment for enhancing AD. Approaches used to evaluate AD enhancement in different systems is further reviewed and challenges and opportunities for improved evaluations are identified.

  • 64.
    Carlsson, My
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Naroznova, Irina
    Department of Environmental Engineering (DTU Environment), Technical University of Denmark.
    Möller, Jacob Steen
    Department of Environmental Engineering (DTU Environment), Technical University of Denmark.
    Scheutz, Charlotte
    Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Technical University of Denmark.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Importance of food waste pre-treatment efficiency for global warming potential in life cycle assessment of anaerobic digestion systems2015Inngår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling, ISSN 0921-3449, E-ISSN 1879-0658, Vol. 102, s. 58-66Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A need for improvement of food waste (FW) pre-treatment methods has been recognized, but few life cycle assessments (LCA) of FW management systems have considered the pre-treatment with respect to input energy, loss of organic material and nutrients for anaerobic digestion (AD) and/or further treatment of the refuse. The objective of this study was to investigate how FW pre-treatment efficiency impacts the environmental performance of waste management, with respect to global warming potential (GWP). The modeling tool EASETECH was used to perform consequential LCA focusing on the impact of changes in mass distribution within framework conditions that were varied with respect to biogas utilization and energy system, representing different geographical regions and/or different time-frames. The variations of the GWP due to changes in pre-treatment efficiency were generally small, especially when biogas and refuse were substituting the same energy carriers, when energy conversion efficiencies were high and slurry quality good enough to enable digestate use on land. In these cases other environmental aspects, economy and practicality could be guiding when selecting pre-treatment system without large risk of sub-optimization with regards to GWP. However, the methane potential of the slurry is important for the net LCA results and must be included in the sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, when biogas is used as vehicle fuel the importance of pre-treatment is sensitive to assumptions and approach of modelling marginal energy which must be decided based on the focus and timeframe of the study in question

  • 65.
    Chamkhorami, Khosro Soleimani
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik. Faculty of Computer Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
    Kasraei, Ahmad
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik. Luleå university of technology.
    Garmabaki, Amir Soleimani
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Famurewa, Stephen Mayowa
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Kumar, Uday
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Odelius, Johan
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Drift, underhåll och akustik.
    Implications of Climate Change in Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Railway Infrastructure2023Inngår i: Proceedings of the 33rd European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL 2023) / [ed] Mário P. Brito; Terje Aven, Piero Baraldi; Marko Čepin; Enrico Zio, Research Publishing , 2023, s. 2089-2096, artikkel-id P093Konferansepaper (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
    Abstract [en]

    Extreme weather conditions from climate change, including high or low temperatures, snow and ice, flooding,storms, sea level rise, low visibility, etc., can damage railway infrastructure. These incidents severely affect the reliability of the railway infrastructure and the acceptable service level. Due to the inherent complexity of the railway system, quantifying the impacts of climate change on railway infrastructure and associated expenses has been challenging. To address these challenges, railway infrastructure managers must adopt a climate-resilient approach that considers all cost components related to the life cycle of railway assets. This approach involves implementing climate adaptation measures to reduce the life cycle costs (LCC) of railway infrastructure while maintaining the reliability and safety of the network. Therefore, it is critical for infrastructure managers to predict, "How will maintenance costs be affected due to climate change in different RCP's scenarios?"The proposed model integrates operation and maintenance costs with reliability and availability parameters such as mean time to failure (MTTF) and mean time to repair (MTTR). The proportional hazard model (PHM) is used to reflect the dynamic effect of climate change by capturing the trend variation in MTTF and MTTR. A use case from a railway in North Sweden is studied and analyzed to validate the process. Data collected over a 20-year period is analyzed for the chosen use case. As a main result, this study has revealed that climate change may significantly influence the LCC of switch and crossing (S&C) and can help managers predict the required budget.

  • 66.
    Chen, H.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Ecke, Holger
    Kylefors, K.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Bergman, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Biochemical methane potential assays of solid waste samples1995Inngår i: Sardinia 95: proceedings ; [2 - 6 October 1995, S. Margherita di Pula - Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy] / [ed] Thomas H. Christensen, Cagliari: CISA, Environmental Sanitary Engineering Centre , 1995, Vol. 1, s. 615-627Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 67.
    Chen, Huimin
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Anaerobic degradation of carbohydrates in municipal solid waste landfill1995Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 68.
    Dahlén, Lisa
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Household waste collection: factors and variations2008Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Ambitious household waste recycling programs have been introduced in Sweden and several other countries during recent decades. Many different waste- sorting and collection schemes have been developed, but the evaluation and comparison of the results is made difficult by the lack of comparable data. The aim of the research presented in this thesis was to answer the following questions: How can household waste flows be described and monitored? Which factors affect the collection results? and, What is a useful basis for the evaluation of collection systems? Waste flow analysis and waste component classification were performed in a number of Swedish municipalities, revealing a wide variation in the amount of waste per capita. Eleven site-specific variables were investigated and multivariate data analysis was performed. The study was carried out on three levels: 1) household waste as the material in itself, classified into physical components, 2) the householders and their handling of waste, in terms of average amounts of different waste categories and recyclables per capita, and 3) the municipalities, as the authority responsible for household waste management, where local conditions influence waste generation and pathways. A significant finding was that property-close collection of dry recyclables led to increased collection of sorted metal, plastic, and paper packaging. Weight-based billing, i.e. when waste collection is charged per kilogram of waste collected, showed divergent effects, which are investigated and discussed. Monitoring methods are suggested regarding the waste flow from households. A step-by-step method for evaluation and comparisons of collection systems was outlined, including a set of indicators. Sixteen sources of error in official waste statistics were identified and the results of the studies emphasize the importance of reliable waste generation and composition data to underpin waste management policies.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 69.
    Dahlén, Lisa
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    To evaluate source sorting programs in household waste collection systems2005Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    When evaluating and comparing household waste collection systems, various aspects are relevant to consider, e.g. environmental objectives, technical function, operating cost, types of recycling materials collected separately, property-close collection or drop-off system, economic incentives, information strategies, residential structure, social codes, etc. Data describing the actual waste flow is the basic input to evaluating the function of source-sorting programs. The questions raised are: How can household waste quantities and composition be measured? How can waste flow data from different collection systems be interpreted and compared? What factors influence the output of source-sorting programs? The usefulness and weaknesses of solid waste composition studies are discussed. Multivariate data analysis is applied in order to obtain an overview of collection and composition data, and identify influential variables, clusters and trends. In a case study, curbside collection of recyclables and weight-based billing respectively led to increased source-sorting activities. Other influential factors are listed and discussed. Eight indicators are proposed for facilitating comparisons of collection systems in an easily comprehensible way.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 70.
    Dahlén, Lisa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Comparison of total waste flow from households in 35 Swedish municipalities2007Inngår i: SARDINIA 2007: Eleventh International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium ; [1 - 5 October 2007, S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy / [ed] Raffaello Cossu, Cagliari: CISA, Environmental Sanitary Engineering Centre , 2007Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of the study was to identify the total waste flow from households in a number of municipalities (cities) in Sweden, make comparisons and discuss methods as well as obstacles to benchmarking. Overall aim is decision support for local authorities in waste management planning. Average amount of household waste per citizen vary widely within Sweden. There is no obvious explanation to the inconsistent amounts. Weight based collection fees has caused a considerable decrease of collected waste amounts in some Swedish municipalities, but no clear effect in others. In general the amounts per capita of separated recyclables, as well as unseparated waste in bins and bags, have levelled out the last few years. In contrast the diverse wastes delivered by the public to supervised Recycling Centers show a trend of increase. 16 sources of error in collection data have been identified and described.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 71.
    Dahlén, Lisa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Evaluation of recycling programmes in household waste collection systems2010Inngår i: Waste Management & Research, ISSN 0734-242X, E-ISSN 1096-3669, Vol. 28, nr 7, s. 577-586Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A case study and a literature review have been carried out to address the two questions: how can waste flow data from collection systems be interpreted and compared? and which factors are decisive in the results of recycling programmes in household waste collection systems? The aim is to contribute to the understanding of how recycling programmes affect the quantity of waste and sorting activities. It is shown how the results from various waste sorting systems can be interpreted and made comparable. A set of waste flow indicators is proposed, which together with generic system descriptions can facilitate comparisons of different collections systems. The evaluation of collection systems depends on the system boundaries and will always be site-specific to some degree. Various factors are relevant, e.g. environmental objectives, technical function, operating costs, types of recyclable materials collected separately, property-close collection or drop-off systems, economic incentives, information strategies, residential structure, social codes, etc. Kerbside collection of recyclables and weight-based billing led to increased waste sorting activities in the case study. Forty-three decisive factors are listed and discussed.

  • 72.
    Dahlén, Lisa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Lokala tidningen påverkar återvinningen: insamlingsystem2007Inngår i: Avfall och miljö, ISSN 1654-5087, nr 4, s. 16-17Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 73.
    Dahlén, Lisa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Methods for household waste composition studies2008Inngår i: Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, E-ISSN 1879-2456, Vol. 28, nr 7, s. 1100-1112Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The question is how to conduct household waste composition studies. The review is divided into three parts: overview of known methods, sampling theory, and the waste components. Twenty methods are listed and commented on. There is no adopted, working international standard. In accordance with Pierre Gy’s Theory of Sampling, the seven types of sampling errors, when collecting and splitting solid samples, are described and commented on in relation to sampling of household solid waste. It is concluded that the most crucial choices in household waste composition studies are: to divide the investigation into relevant number and types of strata; to decide the required sample size and number of samples; to choose the sampling location, i.e., sampling at household level or sampling from loads of waste collection vehicles; and to choose the type and number of waste component categories to be investigated. Various classifications of household waste components used in composition studies are listed and discussed. Difficulties and weaknesses of the reviewed methods are discussed and concluded in suggested questions for further research.

  • 74. Dahlén, Lisa
    et al.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Mindre i tunnan om man betalar per kilo2008Inngår i: Avfall och miljö, ISSN 1654-5087, Vol. 22, nr 4, s. 17-18Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 75. Dahlén, Lisa
    et al.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Pay as you throw: strengths and weaknesses of weight-based billing in household waste collection systems in Sweden2010Inngår i: Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, E-ISSN 1879-2456, Vol. 30, nr 1, s. 23-31Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Householders' response to weight-based billing for the collection of household waste was investigated with the aim of providing decision support for waste management policies. Three questions were addressed: How much and what kind of information on weight-based billing is discernible in generic Swedish waste collection statistics? Why do local authorities implement weight-based billing, and how do they perceive the results? and, Which strengths and weaknesses of weight-based billing have been observed on the local level? The study showed that municipalities with pay-by-weight schemes collected 20% less household waste per capita than other municipalities. Surprisingly, no part of this difference could be explained by higher recycling rates. Nevertheless, the majority of waste management professionals were convinced that recycling had increased as a result of the billing system. A number of contradicting strengths and weaknesses of weight-based billing were revealed.

  • 76.
    Dahlén, Lisa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    The choice of waste components in household waste composition studies2006Inngår i: Abstract proceedings of the 4th Intercontinental Landfill Research Symposium, [June 14th to 16th 2006, Gällivare, Sweden] / [ed] Anders Lagerkvist, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2006, s. 67-68Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 77. Dahlén, Lisa
    et al.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Utvärdera och jämföra källsorteringssystem för hushållsavfall: P12/052006Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 78.
    Dahlén, Lisa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Vukicevic, Sanita
    Nordvästra Skånes Renhållnings AB.
    Meijer, Jan-Erik
    Nordvästra Skånes Renhållnings AB.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Comparison of different collection systems for sorted household waste in Sweden2007Inngår i: Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, E-ISSN 1879-2456, Vol. 27, nr 10, s. 1298-1305Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Composition and quantity per person of municipal solid waste (MSW) have been analyzed in six municipalities in southern Sweden with similar socio-economic conditions but with different collection systems. Samples of residual waste have been sorted, classified and weighed in 21 categories during 26 analyses that took place from 1998-2004. Collection data of the total waste flow, including source sorted recycling materials, in the same area have been compiled and compared. Multivariate data analyses have been applied. Weight-based billing reduced delivered amounts of residual household waste by 50%, but it is unknown to what extent improper material paths had developed. With curbside collection more metal, plastic and paper packaging was separated and left to recycling. When separate collection of biodegradables was included in the curbside system, the overall sorting of dry recyclables increased. The large uncertainty associated with waste composition analyses makes it difficult to draw strong conclusions regarding the effects on specific recyclables or the changes in the composition of the residual waste.

  • 79.
    Dahlén, Lisa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Vukicevic, Sanita
    NSR Research/Nordvästra Skånes Renhållnings AB.
    Meijer, Jan-Erik
    NSR Research/Nordvästra Skånes Renhållnings AB.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Manual för plockanalys av hushållsavfall i kärl och säckar2005Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Rapporten är resultatet av ett samarbete mellan NSR och Luleå Tekniska Universitet. Här föreslås en metod för plockanalys av hushållsavfall avsedd för svenska förhållanden. Den bygger på egna praktiska erfarenheter och litteraturstudier. Stor vikt har lagts vid vilken arbetsinsats som är praktiskt och ekonomiskt rimlig i förhållande till resultatets precision. Första delen av rapporten beskriver bakgrunden och diskuterar varje steg i en plockanalys med referenser till tidigare genomförda analyser i Sverige och utomlands. Kostnader och behov av utrustning och personal diskuteras. Rapportens andra del är skriven som en manual, som steg för steg ger instruktioner för genomförande av plockanalys. Här ingår även skyddsåtgärder med hänsyn till risker i arbetsmiljön. Det finns också detaljerade sorteringsinstruktioner, en mall för sorteringsprotokoll samt en mall för utvärdering av resultaten.

  • 80.
    Dahlén, Lisa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Vukicevic, Sanita
    Meijer, Jan-Erik
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Trends in municipal solid waste composition2004Inngår i: The 3rd Intercontinental Landfill Research Symposium November 29th - December 2nd, 2004 in Toya, Hokkaido Japan / [ed] Morton Barlaz; Anders Lagerkvist; Toshihiko Matsuto, Hokkaido: Center for Applied Ethics and Philosophy, Hokkaido University, 2004, s. 157-Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 81.
    Dahlén, Lisa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Vukicevic, Sanita
    Nordvästra Skånes Renhållnings AB.
    Tapper, Martina
    Nordvästra Skånes Renhållnings AB.
    Återvinning av plast från hushållsavfall: Insamlingsresultat och kvalitet av källsorterad plast2013Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    SammanfattningÖvergripande syfte med projektet Återvinning av plast från hushållsavfall var att bidra till ett förbättrat beslutsunderlag vid val av insamlingssystem för plastförpackningar från hushållen.Projektets specifika mål har varit följande: Samla in unika mätdata av felsorteringsgraden i källsorterad plast  Jämföra felsorteringsgraden vid fastighetsnära insamling (FNI) med återvinningsstationer (ÅVS) Kartlägga kommuners informationsinsatser om källsortering Söka samband mellan insamlingsresultat och informationsarbetets utformningProjektet avgränsades till studier i fem svenska kommuner: Gävle, Göteborg, Lund, Lycksele och Söderköping. Plockanalyser gjordes på samlingsprov från fastighetsnära insamling respektive återvinningsstationer i utvalda kommundelar. Huvudsakliga metoder för projektets genomförande har varit provtagning, plockanalyser, intervjuer, litteraturstudier, utvärdering av insamlingsdata och beräkningar. Plockanalyserna genomfördes under åren 2010-2012.Av 75 m3 material (2 800 kg) insamlat från kärl avsedda för återvinning av plastförpackningar, i fem olika kommuner med varierande insamlings-system, var 72 viktprocent rätt sorterade plastförpackningar och 16 viktprocent var plast-produkter utanför producentansvaret. Resterande 12 viktprocent var andra helt felsorterade material, ungefär en tredjedel andra förpackningar och tidningar och i övrigt diverse andra produkter som t.ex. skor, kläder, blöjor, väskor, vaxdukar, matavfall, samt en mindre del el-, elektronik och farligt avfall. Renheten på plasten var bättre från fastighetsnära insamling (10 % icke plast) än från insamling vid återvinningsstationer (15 % icke plast). Renheten var bäst hos villor med fastighetsnära insamling (6,5 % icke plast). Villahushåll med fastighetsnära insamling var bäst på att sortera rätt även när det saknades engagerade informationsinsatser. Fastighetsnära insamling vid flerfamiljshus är mer problematisk med kraftigt varierande kvalitet. Även plastinsamlingen vid återvinningsstationer visar en ojämn kvalitet med stora variationer. Det gick inte att visa någon egentlig skillnad på plastens renhet från återvinningsstationer jämfört med fastighetsnära insamling vid flerfamiljshus.Hushåll med FNI sorterade mer än hushåll med bringsystem (ÅVS), men i båda insamlingsformerna fanns en stor återvinningspotential för plastförpackningar kvar i restavfall/brännbart (i storleksordningen 14-17 kg per invånare och år). Om målet är att få in så mycket plast som möjligt är det bästa systemet fastighetsnära insamling i kombination med engagerad kommunikation med hushållen om återvinning. Kommuner med fullt utbyggd fastighetsnära insamling samlade in nästan dubbelt så mycket plast per invånare (9,0 kg) jämfört med riksgenomsnittet 4,9 kg (2012). Renhållningstaxans utformning har en underordnad betydelse jämfört med insamlingssystemets fysiska utformning och information. Engagerad kommunikation med hushållen är en avgörande faktor. Kommunikation är särskilt viktigt gentemot hushåll som nyttjar relativt anonyma insamlingssystem, som återvinnings-stationer och flerfamiljshusens källsorteringsrum. Samtidigt är hushåll i flerfamiljshus de som kommunernas kommunikation fungerar sämst med. Det är vanligt att varken kommunen, avfallsentreprenören eller hyresvärden kommunicerar strategiskt om källsortering direkt med hyresgästen. Man missar därför stor del av målgruppen, eftersom den största delen av befolkningen i en större stad bor i flerfamiljshus (ca 80 procent i Göteborg).Det syns en tydlig vilja från hushållen att sortera plast som inte är förpackningar. Det följer även med andra produkter som bara till viss del innehåller plast (elektronik med plasthöljen) eller består av plastliknanden material som t ex gummistövlar. Hushållens val i det här fallet kan ha påverkats av att det under lång tid har kommunicerats ett generellt budskap (avseende förpackningar) att sortera efter huvudbeståndsdelen.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 82.
    Dahlén, Lisa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Åberg, Helena
    Department of Food, Health and Environment, University of Gothenburg.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Berg, Per E.O.
    HB Anttilator, Stagnellsgatan 3, SE, 652 23, Karlstad.
    Inconsistent pathways of household waste2009Inngår i: Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, E-ISSN 1879-2456, Vol. 29, nr 6, s. 1798-1806Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to provide policy-makers and waste management planners with information about how recycling programs affect the quantities of specific materials recycled and disposed of. Two questions were addressed: which factors influence household waste generation and pathways? and how reliable are official waste data? Household waste flows were studied in 35 Swedish municipalities, and a wide variation in the amount of waste per capita was observed. When evaluating the effect of different waste collection policies, it was found to be important to identify site-specific factors influencing waste generation. Eleven municipal variables were investigated in an attempt to explain the variation. The amount of household waste per resident was higher in populous municipalities and when net commuting was positive. Property-close collection of dry recyclables led to increased delivery of sorted metal, plastic and paper packaging. No difference was seen in the amount of separated recyclables per capita when weight-based billing for the collection of residual waste was applied, but the amount of residual waste was lower. Sixteen sources of error in official waste statistics were identified and the results of the study emphasize the importance of reliable waste generation and composition data to underpin waste management policies.

  • 83.
    Dai, Zhengxing
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Energivetenskap. State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
    Chen, Yifeng
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Energivetenskap. State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
    Sun, Yunhao
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Energivetenskap. State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
    Zuo, Zhida
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Energivetenskap. State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
    Lu, Xiaohua
    State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
    Ji, Xiaoyan
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Energivetenskap.
    Screening ionic liquids for developing advanced immobilization technology for CO2 separation2022Inngår i: Frontiers in Chemistry, E-ISSN 2296-2646, Vol. 10, artikkel-id 941352Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Developing immobilized-ionic liquids (ILs) sorbents is important for CO2 separation, and prior theoretically screening ILs is desirable considering the huge number of ILs. In this study, the compressibility of ILs was proposed as a new and additional index for screening ILs, and the developed predictive theoretical model, i.e., electrolyte perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory, was used to predict the properties for a wide variety of ILs in a wide temperature and pressure range to provide systematic data. In screening, firstly, the isothermal compressibilities of 272 ILs were predicted at pressures ranging from 1 to 6,000 bar and temperatures ranging from 298.15 to 323.15 K, and then 30 ILs were initially screened. Subsequently, the CO2 absorption capacities in these 30 ILs at temperatures from 298.15 to 323.15 K and pressures up to 50 bar were predicted, and 7 ILs were identified. In addition, the CO2 desorption enthalpies in these 7 ILs were estimated for further consideration. The performance of one of the screened ILs was verified with the data determined experimentally, evidencing that the screen is reasonable, and the consideration of IL-compressibility is essential when screening ILs for the immobilized-IL sorbents.

  • 84.
    Danila, Vaidotas
    et al.
    Department of Environmental Protection and Water Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio al. 11, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Kasiuliene, Alfreda
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Vasarevičius, Saulius
    Department of Environmental Protection and Water Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio al. 11, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania.
    Immobilisation of metal(loid)s in two contaminated soils using micro and nano zerovalent iron particles: Evaluating the long-term stability2020Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 248, artikkel-id 126054Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to compare the immobilisation of metal(loid)s in two differently contaminated soils using micro zerovalent iron (ZVI) and nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) particles. Chromated copper arsenate-contaminated soil contained high amounts of As, Cu, Cr, and Zn, whereas mining-contaminated soil contained high amounts of As, Cu, and Pb. Contaminated soils were amended using 2% ZVI and nZVI. As determined by the leaching procedures, nZVI was more efficient in immobilising all the studied metal(loid)s in the soils compared to ZVI. The greatest immobilisation was achieved for As in both soils. The long-term stability of immobilised metal(loid)s was studied in mining-contaminated soil by performing thermal oxidation (ageing). In the ZVI and nZVI-treated soils, high retention results were achieved for As and Cu, whereas in the ZVI and nZVI-treated soils, significant desorption of Pb was observed. The results also showed that retention of metal(loid)s over a long period of time could be more effective in soils treated with ZVI, as the crystallisation of Fe in ZVI-treated soil was to a lesser extent compared to the crystallisation of Fe in nZVI-treated soil.

  • 85.
    Daugėla, Ignas
    et al.
    Department of Geodesy and Cadastre, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania.
    Suziedelyte Visockiene, Jurate
    Department of Geodesy and Cadastre, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania.
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Detection and Analysis of Methane Emissions from a Landfill using Unmanned Aerial Drone Systems and Semiconductor Sensors2020Inngår i: DETRITUS, ISSN 2611-4127, Vol. 10, s. 127-138Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Landfill operators must collect data on the topography of their landfills, their biological and hydrological characteristics, and local meteorological conditions. These data can be collected by satellite, using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or by traditional methods such as static flux chambers or modelling. They serve as the basis for landfill monitoring, including the identification and measurement of methane (CH4) gas emissions. Here, we present an approach for landfill mapping using sensor data from unmanned aerial drone systems (UADS) based on DJI Matrice 200 UAVs with Zenmuse X4S sensors and Trimble UX5 UAVs with Sony NEX-5R sensors. RGB (Red, Green, Blue) and near infrared (NIR) data from these sensors were processed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to generate orthoimages, digital elevation models (DEMs), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maps. These were then used to evaluate changes in the surface structure and topography of the study area (Kariotiskes landfill, Lithuania). The NDVI maps were used to identify areas of sparse vegetation cover that may indicate localized CH4 emissions. Surface temperature maps based on thermal infrared (TIR) images were then prepared for analysis of these problematic areas. Finally, the presence of CH4 in these areas was investigated using a prototype lightweight gas sensor array. The structure of the Kariotiskes landfill site remained unchanged over three years, but there is evidence of possible CH4 gas influence at the landfill cover's surface. The combination of UADS-mounted imaging systems and the prototype gas sensor array enabled rapid analysis of emission hotspots and of landfill topography.

  • 86.
    De Windt, L.
    et al.
    Ecole des Mines de Paris.
    Dabo, D.
    Ecole des Mines de Paris.
    Lidelöw, Sofia
    Badreddine, R.
    INERIS, Wastes and Contaminated Sites Unit.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Reactive transport modeling of leachate evolution of MSWI bottom ash used as road basement: Hérouville (France) and Dåva (Sweden) sites2009Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The recycling of municipal solid waste of incineration (MSWI) bottom ash as aggregates for road basement requires a better characterization of the evolution of leachate chemistry over a timescale of many decades. In this paper, a common reactive transport model is applied to the Hérouville (France) and Dåva (Sweden) pilot roads whose leachate emissions have been sampled during 10 and 6 years, respectively. The model considers simultaneously the hydrodynamic processes (rain water infiltration, advective and diffusive transport), pH-buffering and solubility-controlled processes by secondary minerals, ageing by atmospheric carbonation, and the leachate chemistry (major elements and trace metals such as Al, Cu, Pb). The evolution of pH is fairly well simulated with the following pH-buffering sequence: portlandite, calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), ettringite and, finally, calcite. The quantity of CO2 dissolved in the percolating rain water is generally not sufficient to explain the pH evolution and carbonation processes, requiring atmospheric gaseous inputs. The relation between pH evolution and element release is discussed for both sites. Calculated Pb release is overestimated when based on solubility-controlled mechanisms only. Edge effects are shown to be important at both sites with an emphasis of carbonation and release of non reactive elements. Temperature has no significant effect on the calculated leachate chemistry in the range of 5 - 30° C, except at high pH.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 87.
    De Windt, Laurent
    et al.
    Ecole des Mines de Paris.
    Dabo, David
    Ecole des Mines de Paris.
    Lidelöw, Sofia
    Badreddine, Rabia
    INERIS, Wastes and Contaminated Sites Unit.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    MSWI bottom ash used as basement at two pilot-scale roads: comparison of leachate chemistry and reactive transport modeling2011Inngår i: Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, E-ISSN 1879-2456, Vol. 31, nr 2, s. 267-280Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The recycling of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash as aggregates for road basement requires assessing the long-term evolution of leachate chemistry. The Dåva (Sweden) and Hérouville (France) pilot-scale roads were monitored during 6 and 10 years, respectively. Calculated saturation indices were combined to batch test modeling to set a simplified geochemical model of the bottom ash materials. A common reactive transport model was then applied to both sites. At Hérouville, pH and the concentration of most elements quickly drop during the first two years to reach a set of minimum values over 10 years. The decrease is less pronounced at Dåva. The evolutions of pH and major element concentrations are fairly well related to the following pH-buffering sequence: portlandite, C-S-H phases or pseudo-wollastonite and, finally, calcite in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2. Al(OH)3, barite, ettringite and monohydrocalcite may also control leachate chemistry. Cu release is correctly modeled by DOM complexation and tenorite equilibrium. Temperature has no significant effect on the modeling of leachate chemistry in the range 5-30 °C, except at high pH. Effects at road edges and roadside slopes are important for the release of the less reactive elements and, possibly, for carbonation processes.

  • 88.
    Delin, Staffan
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Villkor för välfärd: om verklighetsuppfattning, miljökris, teknik och samhälle1990Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 89.
    Delin, Staffan
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Gundelius, Eva
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Utveckling av riktningsanalys exergiberäkningar i Luleå och Strängnäs kommuner eller Hur kan man veta om man hushållar med resurserna på ett hållbart sätt?1998Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrunden till projektet är den riktningsanalys som utvecklades av Eva Grundelius år 1991. Riktningsanalysen som är uppbyggd kring sex frågor fungerar som en checklista för hållbar utveckling. Den kan användas i många slag av beslutssituationer. För att göra riktningsanalysen mer operativ och kvantifierbar har den i detta projekt kopplats samman med en exergianalys. Exergi är ett fysiskt mått på resursers värde. Denna analys görs med utgångspunkt från det livsuppehållande systemet, ekosystemet. För att mänskligheten ska överleva på sikt får inte exergikostnaderna överstiga intäkterna i exergiformer. Detta gäller också för ett hållbart projekt och ett hållbart samhälle. I rapporten behandlas olika alternativ för att behandla avlopp från en by i Luleå kommun. I Strängnäs är det olika alternativ för behandling av hushållsavfall som analyseras.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 90. Diaz, Luis F.
    et al.
    Eggerth, Linda L.Lagerkvist, AndersLuleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Proceedings of the 3rd Swedish Landfill Research Symposium: Luleå University of Technology, 6th-8th October 19981999Collection/Antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 91.
    Diener, Silvia
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Ageing behaviour of steel slags in landfill liners2009Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Steel slags are by-products of the steelmaking process. To avoid unnecessary disposal, e.g. into landfill, their chemical and physical properties should be exploited to support alternative uses. Steel slags can be recycled within the steel plant or used as construction material in roads, hydraulic engineering and different types of barriers, including landfill covers. A landfill cover consists of several layers, including a liner with low water and gas permeability in order to reduce methane and leachate emissions. Several studies have demonstrated that steel slags have good potential to fulfil such an application. However, there are questions regarding the stability of the slag minerals over long periods of time. A landfill cover must function well for many decades and centuries. In order to predict the long-term stability of steel slags as a landfill liner, laboratory experiments have been performed to study the effects of accelerated ageing of steel slag under controlled conditions. The factors investigated in the storage atmosphere were carbon dioxide content, relative humidity and temperature. The influence of leachate contact and ageing time were also assessed.This thesis reports the study of electric arc furnace slags and ladle slag from the production of high-alloyed tool steel after accelerated ageing for periods of three months and ten months. Mineralogy and leaching were studied using two different leaching tests, thermal analysis, acid-neutralization capacity assays and X-ray diffraction. For the ageing periods considered, the exposure of the slags to an atmosphere enriched with carbon dioxide had the greatest impact on leaching. In general, calcium, aluminium, sulphur and sodium leached from the slag matrix to the greatest extent while other metals such as chromium, nickel, lead and zinc were found at very low levels in the leachate. The leaching of calcium and aluminium reduced with increasing carbon dioxide level. Thermal analysis revealed the decomposition of carbonates. Weight and enthalpy changes were evaluated between 100 and 1000 °C. The buffer capacity of the steel slags, represented by the acid neutralization capacity (ANC 4.5) was not reduced after 10 months of ageing. However, the division of the titration into two steps revealed a shift of buffering zones for more highly aged samples, probably due to the formation of carbonates. The mineralogy of the investigated steel slags was complex with a large variety of mineral phases, principally calcium silicates, monticellite, periclase and a spinel phase. Other possible phases were gehlenite, merwinite, akermanite and iron. The existence of different solid solution is likely among the slag phases and can cause shifting of peaks in the X-ray diffractogram. Also, calcite was identified. Short-term carbonation has not shown significant impact on mineralogy despite of calcite formation. The results of the study contribute to a better understanding of the chemical and mineral stability of electric arc furnace slag and ladle slag in the environment of a landfill liner. The consequences of slag ageing include reduced leaching rates for certain elements. To predict the long-term behaviour of aged slag, the results of this study should be combined with data from two other sources - an ongoing ageing experiment that includes mechanical tests and a full scale field test at the Hagfors landfill. Additional analytical methods that can better characterise the mineralogy, for example scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), should also be applied to better quantify the mineralogical phases and to determine which trace elements are most abundant in specific minerals.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 92. Diener, Silvia
    et al.
    Andreas, Lale
    Brännvall, Evelina
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Evaluation and discussion of steel slag mineralogy after ageing under laboratory and field conditions2010Inngår i: The 6th Intercontinental Landfill research Symposium, 2010, s. 107-109Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 93.
    Diener, Silvia
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Andreas, Lale
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Herrmann, Inga
    Ecke, Holger
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Accelerated carbonation of ashes and steel slags in a landfill cover construction2008Inngår i: Proceedings of Second International Conference on Accelerated Carbonation for Environmental and Materials Engineering / [ed] Renato Baciocchi; Giulia Costa; Alessandra Polettini; Raffaella Pomi, University of Rome "La Sapienza" , 2008, s. 389-400Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Fly ash from biofuel incineration and slags from steel production were used in two full scale applications of cover constructions on municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. The long-term stability of the cover materials is studied in a designed laboratory experiment. The impact of six environmental factors on accelerated carbonation is investigated over a period of three years. Leaching behaviour, acid neutralization capacity, mineral composition (XRD) and thermo gravimetrical behaviour (TG) are tested after different periods of ageing under different conditions. By now samples were taken after three and ten months of ageing. Multivariate data analysis was used for data evaluation. The results indicate the factors material, ageing time and carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere to be most relevant.

  • 94.
    Diener, Silvia
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Andreas, Lale
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Herrmann, Inga
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Arkitektur och vatten.
    Ecke, Holger
    Civil and Materials Engineering, Vattenfall Research and Development AB, SE-814 26 Älvkarleby, Sweden.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Accelerated carbonation of steel slags in a landfill cover construction2010Inngår i: Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, E-ISSN 1879-2456, Vol. 30, nr 1, s. 132-139Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Steel slags from high-alloyed tool steel production were used in a full scale cover construction of a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill. In order to study the long-term stability of the steel slags within the final cover, a laboratory experiment was performed. The effect on the ageing process, due to i.e. carbonation, exerted by five different factors resembling both the material characteristics and the environmental conditions is investigated. Leaching behaviour, acid neutralization capacity and mineralogy (evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction, XRD, and thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, TG/DTA) are tested after different periods of ageing under different conditions.Samples aged for 3 and 10 months were evaluated in this paper. Multivariate data analysis was used for data evaluation. The results indicate that among the investigated factors, ageing time and carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere were able to exert the most relevant effect. However, further investigations are required in order to clarify the role of the temperature.

  • 95.
    Diener, Silvia
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Andreas, Lale
    Herrmann, Inga
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Mineral transformations in steel slag used as landfill cover liner material2007Inngår i: SARDINIA 2007: Eleventh International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium ; [1 - 5 October 2007, S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy] / [ed] Raffaello Cossu, Cagliari: CISA, Environmental Sanitary Engineering Centre , 2007, Vol. 1Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In Europe, 15.2 million tonnes of steel slags have been generated in 2004 (Euroslag, 2006) out if which almost 6 million tonnes came from electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking and secondary metallurgical processes. In the presented project from Luleå University of Technology, two types of EAF slag and one slag originating from secondary metallurgical processes named ladle slag are investigated. The chemical and physical properties of these slags have been studied in detail (Herrmann, 2006; Andreas et al., 2005). For utilising steel slags in the liner of a landfill cover the long-term stability of the minerals is of great importance. Therefore, the ageing of steel slag minerals is evaluated with the help of a laboratory experiment. Particularly, the research questions, the experimental set-up and the methodology are presented. The present paper is part of a research project of the Division of Waste Science and Technology at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden in cooperation with Uddeholm Tooling AB, Hagfors municipality and MiMeR (Mineral and Metal Recycling Research Centre). It is investigated if steel slags are stable as a landfill cover liner material. The long-term stability is evaluated by determining the factors influencing the mineralogy of the slags and possible mineral transformations through ageing under the environmental conditions in a liner. The experiment includes two similar types of EAF slag and one ladle slag. Each steel slag sample is made by mixing 50% EAF slag and 50% ladle slag, addition of water and compaction. The specimens are stored in boxes under different atmospheric conditions. A reduced multivariate design has been chosen to determine the impact of different factors on the slag mineralogy. The factors that are varied in the experiment are relative humidity, carbon dioxide and temperature of the atmosphere surrounding the slag material as well as ageing time and the quality of the water used for sample making (see table 1). Table 1. Factorial design for ageing experiment of steel slagsLowMiddleHighRelative humidity30% -100%Carbon dioxide content0.036 (air)20 % * 100 %Temperature5 °C30 °C60 °CTime 1 month6 months1 yearWater quality destilled water -LeachateThe ageing of minerals is expected to initiate mineral transformations in steel slags. Primary phases will alter into secondary mineral phases. Changes in mineralogy can influence the stability of the liner. To evaluate mineralogy and properties of the aged steel slag, different analyses will be performed after the storage time of the specimens. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy as well as shear strength, acid neutralisation capacity and cation exchange capacity will be included. A possible mineral transformation for an alkaline material as steel slags can be the reaction of calcium ions from calcium silicates with the carbon dioxide resulting in the precipitation of calcium carbonate. Through this carbonation reaction, the transport of carbon dioxide into the bulk of the specimen could be hindered by the reaction products. Therefore, surface morphology can influence mineral transformations. First results and evaluations will be presented at the conference. REFERENCES Andreas L., Herrmann I., Lidstrom-Larsson M. & Lagerkvist A. (2005) Physical properties of steel slag to be reused in a landfill cover, Sardinia 2005, Tenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Italy; 3 - 7 October 2005Euroslag (2006) Legal status of Slags. Position Paper. January 2006. The European Slag Association - EUROSLAG. Duisburg, Germany.Herrmann I. (2006). Use of Secondary Construction Material in Landfill Cover Liners. Licentiate Thesis. Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.

  • 96. Diener, Silvia
    et al.
    Andreas, Lale
    Herrmann, Inga
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Arkitektur och vatten.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Results from a field study using steel industry slags in a landfill cover construction2008Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 97.
    Diener, Silvia
    et al.
    Dresden University of Technology.
    Andreas, Lale
    Herrmann, Inga
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Lidström-Larsson, Margareta
    Mineral phases in steel industry slags used in a landfill cover constuction2006Inngår i: Abstract proceedings of the 4th Intercontinental Landfill Research Symposium, , [June 14th to 16th 2006, Gällivare, Sweden] / [ed] Anders Lagerkvist, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2006, s. 73-74Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 98.
    Diener, Silvia
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Brännvall, Evelina
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Andreas, Lale
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Leaching properties of steel slags after ageing under laboratory and field conditions2010Inngår i: Third International Conference on Accelerated Carbonation for Environmental and Materials Engineering: ACEME10 : November 29 - December 1, 2010, Åbo Akademi University, Åbo/Turku, Finland : proceedings / [ed] Ron Zevenhoven., Åbo: Åbo Akademi University Press, 2010Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 99. Domeij, Lisa
    et al.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Meijer, J-E
    Vukicevic, S.
    How to describe and compare the effects of MSW source sorting systems2005Inngår i: SARDINIA 2005: Tenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium ; S. Margerita di Pula, Sardinia, Italy, 3 - 7 October 2005 / [ed] Raffaello Cossu, Cagliari: CISA, Environmental Sanitary Engineering Centre , 2005Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 100.
    Domeij, Lisa
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Vukicevic, Sanita
    NSR.
    Lagerkvist, Anders
    Meijer, Jan-Erik
    NSR.
    Utvärdering av hushållens källsortering i sex kommuner: Resultat från plockanalyser vid olika insamlings- och sorteringssystem för hushållsavfall2004Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
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