While the number and types of indoor air pollutants is rising, much is suspected but little is known about the impact of their potentially synergistic interactions, upon human health. Gases, particulate matter, organic compounds but also allergens and viruses, fall within the ‘pollutant’ definition. Distinct populations, such as children and allergy and asthma sufferers are highly susceptible, while a low socioeconomic background is a further susceptibility factor; however, no specific guidance is available. We spend most of our time indoors; for children, the school environment is of paramount importance and potentially amenable to intervention. The interactions between some pollutant classes have been studied. However, a lot is missing with respect to understanding interactions between specific pollutants of different classes in terms of concentrations, timing and sequence, to improve targeting and upgrade standards. SynAir-G is a European Commission-funded project aiming to reveal and quantify synergistic interactions between different pollutants affecting health, from mechanisms to real life, focusing on the school setting. It will develop a comprehensive and responsive multipollutant monitoring system, advance environmentally friendly interventions, and disseminate the generated knowledge to relevant stakeholders in accessible and actionable formats. The aim of this article it to put forward the SynAir-G hypothesis, and describe its background and objectives.

This study explores officials' perspectives on Swedish policies for rural digital transformation (RDT). Through the lens of Social Acceleration and systems thinking, employing Critical Systems Heuristics collecting empirical data, we explore how officials perceive that Swedish digitalisation policies impacts inclusive RDT. We investigate whether the possibility to implement Swedish digitalisation policies support or hinder inclusive RDT. Our results emphasize the importance of Social Acceleration based on the aspirations of rural residents, encompassing technical acceleration, social change, and the pace of life. The rapid societal acceleration driven by digitalisation impacts the implementation of digital services in rural areas. Policies do not address the needs of tailored digital services; officials strive to manage this through creative methods despite inherent challenges.

The seamless integration of technology into daily life, particularly within the Internet of Things (IoT) landscape, hinges on its harmonious alignment with contextual surroundings. This chapter emphasizes the critical role of user engagement in IoT development, emphasizing inclusive design practices that prioritize user needs and contexts. Exploring diverse user engagement methods, the chapter underscores their importance in facilitating mutual learning between researchers and end-users. By offering practical insights into the benefits, challenges, and outcomes of these approaches, this chapter aims to empower readers with the knowledge and tools to enhance user involvement throughout the IoT innovation journey.

The chapter provides a walkthrough of Living Labs, starting with the origin, what Living Labs are all about, and different types of Living Labs. The chapter also contains the key components, the key principles as well as key stakeholders and roles important for successful Living Labs. It continues with descriptions of how to implement and carry out Living Labs, ranging from the innovations to be experimented with, the physical setting, governance, and management to the ICT-infrastructure. Next follows how to involve and engage users, partners, and stakeholders. The chapter ends with a description of the FormIoT process, a structured method for research and innovation in real-life settings.

This article explores the information systems development (ISD) process when ISD follows a living lab approach. A living lab is an innovation development approach in which stakeholders are involved in cocreating, implementing, testing and adopting innovations in a real-life setting. Several aspects of living lab settings, such as the voluntary nature of user engagement, the real-life context of innovation development and the resulting difficulty of observation, and the immaturity of innovation in living lab activities, influence the ISD process in living lab settings. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to understand how the ISD process is shaped when ISD follows a living lab approach. The aim will be achieved by conducting four participatory knowledge generation workshops as the primary sources of empirical data in the context of three European projects (namely, AdaptUrbanRail, UNaLab, and LiLaCC) as well as an international conference (DLLD20). A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of the ISD process following the living lab approach will also be presented.

Living Labs have become a popular approach to facilitate multi-stakeholder engagement in open innovation processes in real-life settings. Despite their extensive application across various research fields, there is still a lack of theoretical understanding in this area. This study aims to take the first step towards developing a theory for Living Labs. In doing so, we will review the current state of the art of Living Lab theories as well as identify areas where further theoretical support is required. To achieve this, grounded theory will be used as the overarching approach to rigorously review literature. The outcome of this research will be a taxonomy of Living Lab theories, classified according to the emerged themes from grounded theory analysis. Additionally, the study will identify areas where Living Lab research needs to be theorized to support both researchers and practitioners in this area.

This research-in-progress article explores how living labs (LLs) as a facilitator of digital transformation (DT) activities should be in line with responsible research and innovation (RRI) principles. This alignment gains special prominence when DT processes leverage AI-driven innovations and have a young citizen demographic asthe focus. In so doing, we propose the new concept called "Responsible Living Labs" (RLL) as an overarching framework for LL researchers and practitioners to ensure transparency, stakeholder engagement, ethical considerations, and sustainability in all stages of LL activities and actions. The research methodology involves conducting a systematic literature review and organizing a workshop at Open Living Lab Days 2023 conference within the context of Interreg Baltic Sea Region project UrbanTestbeds.JR (#S004). This will be done to explore the potential of AI in fostering RRI in LL activities, as well as ethical challenges and other RRI related concerns that LLs are facing when young citizen are engaged. The study will contribute to the body of knowledge by bridging the gap in research on how LL activities can be more responsible and ethical while benefiting from advanced technologies such as AI.

The relationship between big data analytics (BDA) and smart cities (SCs) has been addressed in several articles. However, few articles have investigated the influence of exploiting BDA in datadriven decision-making from an empirical perspective in a case study context. Accordingly, we aim to tackle this scarcity of case-study research addressing the interrelationships between SCs, BDA, anddecision-making. Filling this gap will shed light on the challenges and design principles that shouldbe considered in designing a BDA artifact in the domain of smart cities. We analyze a case study of a digital transformation project in Egypt. Results show a tangible positive effect of utilizing dataanalytics in support of the decision-making process.