Despite their scarcity due to synthetic challenges, supertetrahedron-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) possess intriguing architectures, diverse functionalities, and superb properties that make them in‑demand materials. Employing a new window–space-directed assembly strategy, a family of mesoporous zeolitic MOFs have been constructed herein from corner-shared supertetrahedra based on homometallic or heterometallic trimers [M₃(OH/O)(COO)6] (M₃ = Co₃, Ni₃ or Co₂Ti). These MOFs consisted of close-packed truncated octahedral cages possessing a sodalite topology and large β-cavity mesoporous cages (~22 Å diameter) connected by ultramicroporous apertures (~5.6 Å diameter). Notably, the supertetrahedron-based sodalite topology MOF composed with the Co₂Ti trimer exhibited high thermal and chemical stability as well as the ability to efficiently separate acetylene (C₂H₂) from carbon dioxide (CO₂).

Efficient enzymatic conversion of CO₂ to methanol is limited by low CO₂ solubility in water (33 mM), and the high-cost of the cofactor (NADH) hinders the potential large-scale application of CO₂ enzymatic conversion. In this study, a bioelectrocatalytic system was established for tackling both these issues, and in this system enzymes were embedded in the metal–organic framework ZIF-8 via in situ encapsulation to increase the substrate (CO₂) concentration and pre-concentrate NADH, and a Rh complex-grafted electrode was developed for regenerating NADH in a sustainable manner. The results showed that after encapsulation of enzymes in ZIF-8, the methanol concentration increased from 0.061 to 0.320 mM (5 fold) in three hours. Furthermore, after coupling with electrocatalytic NADH regeneration, the methanol concentration further increased to 0.742 mM (12 fold) compared to a free enzyme system. Overall, methanol was produced at a rate of 822 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹.

The CO₂ solubilities (including CO₂ Henry’s constant) in physical- and chemical-based ILs/DESs and the COSMO-RS models describing these properties were comprehensively collected and summarized. The summarized results indicate that chemical-based ILs/DESs are superior to physical-based ILs/DESs for CO₂ capture, especially those ILs have functionalized cation and anion, and superbase DESs; some of the superbase DESs have higher CO₂ solubilities than those of ILs; the best physical- and chemical-based ILs, as well as physical- and chemical-based DESs are [BMIM][BF₄] (4.20 mol kg^-1), [DETAH][Im] (11.91 mol kg^-1), [L-Arg]-Gly 1:6 (4.92 mol kg^-1) and TBD-EG 1:4 (12.90 mol kg^-1), respectively. Besides the original COSMO-RS mainly providing qualitative predictions, six corrected COSMO-RS models have been proposed to improve the prediction performance based on the experimental data, but only one model is with universal parameters. The newly determined experimental results were further used to verify the perditions of original and corrected COSMO-RS models. The comparison indicates that the original COSMO-RS qualitatively predicts CO₂ solubility for some but not all ILs/DESs, while the quantitative prediction is incapable at all. The original COSMO-RS is capable to predict CO₂ Henry’s constant qualitatively for both physical-based ILs and DESs, and quantitative prediction is only available for DESs. For the corrected COSMO-RS models, only the model with universal parameters provides quantitative predictions for CO₂ solubility in physical-based DESs, while other corrected models always show large deviations (>83%) compared with the experimental CO₂ Henry’s constants.

The efficient bioactivation of CO₂ provides an alternative new strategy for producing high value chemicals and fuels. Normally, in vitro activation of CO₂ can be achieved by using formate dehydrogenase (FDH). However, the CO₂ solubility and the activity of commercial FDHCb remain a tough challenge for the efficient bioactivation of CO₂. Here, we report a new “ionozyme” strategy created by using ionic liquids (ILs) as a solvent and enzyme stabilizer, resulting in a 142.3-fold increase in CO₂ conversion over FDHCb. The ionozyme (FDHPa-[CH][Pro]-[TMGH][PhO]) was first developed by combing a discovered novel FDHPa with an efficient synergistic ionic microenvironment. The remarkable performance of this ionozyme is attributed to forming key intermediates [CH][ProCOO] and [TMGH][PhOCOO], stabilizing the enzyme structure with increased solvation structure, and shortening the distance (3.9 Å) between NADH and CO₂ to favor the hydride transfer by facilitating their relative orientation and forming new hydrogen bonds at the active sites. This bioactivation of CO₂ by this specific ionozyme represents ideal starting points for the sustainable carbon cycle.

The heat capacity of ionic liquids is an important physical property, and experimental measuring is usually used as a common method to obtain them. Owing to the huge number of ionic liquids that can be potentially synthesized, it is desirable to acquire theoretical predictions. In this work, the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) was used to predict the heat capacity of pure ionic liquids, and an intensive literature survey was conducted for providing a database to verify the prediction of COSMO-RS. The survey shows that the heat capacity is available for 117 ionic liquids at temperatures ranging 77.66-520 K since 2004, and the 4025 data points in total with the values from 76.37 to 1484 J·mol^-1·K^-1 have been reported. The prediction of heat capacity with COSMO-RS can only be conducted at two temperatures (298 and 323 K). The comparison with the experimental data proves the prediction reliability of COSMO-RS, and the average relative deviation (ARD) is 8.54%. Based on the predictions at two temperatures, a linear equation was obtained for each ionic liquid, and the heat capacities at other temperatures were then estimated via interpolation and extrapolation. The acquired heat capacities at other temperatures were then compared with the experimental data, and the ARD is only 9.50%. This evidences that the heat capacity of a pure ionic liquid follows a linear equation within the temperature range of study, and COSMO-RS can be used to predict the heat capacity of ionic liquids reliably.

Organic solvents are usually used to extract artemisinin from Artemisia annua L., and they can also be the solvents for the subsequent purification or derivatization to produce compounds with more efficient antimalarial effect. However, these solvents are volatile, explosive and toxic. The designable material ionic liquids (ILs) are alternative solvents to replace traditional ones. In this work, a reliable method for screening ILs with high solvation capability for artemisinin was developed. The infinite dilution activity coefficients of artemisinin in 903 ILs, composed by 43 cations and 21 anions, were calculated by COSMO-RS, and the results implied that the solubility of artemisinin in ILs mainly depends on the anions. Solubilities of artemisinin in 14 representative ILs were tested, and the results were in good accordance with those obtained in COSMO-RS calculation. The stability of artemisinin in some typical ILs was also studied, which indicated that this drug was stable in [EMIM][BF₄], [EMIM][CF₃Ac], [EMIM][NTF₂], [BPY][NTF₂], [EMIM][SCN], and [EMIM][Ac]. The excess enthalpy analysis demonstrated that artemisinin interacted with ILs mainly through hydrogen bond. Extraction of artemisinin using the optimal IL indicated that more artemisinin could be extracted from the leaves when compared with petroleum ether (254.73 mg/mol vs. 14.16 mg/mol), further verifying accuracy of the simulation results. Therefore, structures of ILs with high solvation capacity for artemisinin can be obtained by the COSMO-RS method.

三元相图是研究羊毛角蛋白再生过程热力学行为的有效工具。通过浊度测试和Boom经验方程构建离子液体(IL)/羊毛纤维/凝固剂浊点线性关系(LCP)曲线和三元相图，进一步系统地研究了凝固剂种类、再生温度和离子液体结构对羊毛角蛋白再生性能的影响规律。结果表明，羊毛角蛋白最优再生体系是1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二乙酯([Emim]Dep)/羊毛纤维/水(25℃)。对羊毛纤维原料和不同再生条件获得的再生羊毛角蛋白进行FT-IR和XRD表征，结果表明再生羊毛角蛋白的结构和羊毛纤维原料基本保持一致，但相对结晶度有所下降。实验温度为25℃时，以水为凝固剂制备的再生羊毛角蛋白相对结晶度最高。

Keratin is one of the natural polymers with abundant reserves, wool fiber consists 95wt% of keratin, which is an important source of natural keratin and has excellent mechanical and biological properties. However, due to the numerous complex inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds and other chemical bonds, wool fiber is insoluble in water and common organic solvents. As an emerging green solvent, ionic liquid (IL) shows outstanding performance in dissolving natural polymers such as wool fiber, cellulose, chitin, etc. due to their tunable structure, non-volatile, thermal stability, as well as high solubility for biopolymer. According to the reports, the current researches of ionic liquids on wool fiber are mainly focused on the solubility properties of wool fiber. The studies on the regeneration properties of wool keratin are still limited. There are three components involved in the regeneration process of wool fiber, and thus the thermodynamic behavior of polymer regeneration can be investigated by the ternary phase diagram. In this study, the linearized cloud point (LCP) correlation and ternary phase diagram of IL/wool fiber/coagulator (T) system were constructed by the turbidity method. The effects of coagulator types, coagulation temperatures, and structures of ILs on the properties of wool keratin regeneration were investigated systematically. The regenerated wool keratin was obtained using [Emim]Dep as the solvent with the coagulation temperature of 25℃. In different coagulator systems, the order of wool keratin regeneration capacity is water>ethanol>iso-propanol. The regenerated wool keratin was obtained using [Emim]Dep as the solvent, and water as the coagulator. In different coagulation temperature systems, as the coagulation temperature increased, the regeneration capacity of wool keratin gradually decreased. The regenerated wool keratin was obtained using water as the coagulator with a coagulation temperature of 25℃. In different IL structure systems, the order of wool keratin regeneration capacity was [Emim]Dep>[DBNE]Dep>[DBNH]OAc. The characterization of raw wool fiber and regenerated wool keratin under different regeneration conditions were obtained by FT-IR and XRD, the characterization of the structures and properties showed that the main structure of the regenerated wool keratin basically agreed with the raw wool fiber, and the crystallinity of the regenerated wool keratin had decreased than raw wool keratin. The highest crystallinity of the regenerated wool keratin was obtained from the system of [Emim]Dep/wool fiber/water system at the coagulation temperature of 25℃.

In order to meet climate goals, both CO2 capture and storage (CCS) and CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) have been identified as increasingly important technologies for mitigating CO2 emissions that are difficult to avoid. In this work, the CO2 utilization, or more specifically, the CO2 conversion to fuels and urea, considering the large demand for CO2, as well as the CO2 mineralization are surveyed and reviewed. The content of this review includes technologies – all the way from the laboratory studies to the industrial applications – their current status, and future potential. CCS is included for a comparison concerning the costs. Also, aspects as the CO2 impurities and the effect of it as well as various requirements concerning the CO2 impurity are included. Many recent studies show that CCU, especially CO2 conversion to fuels, will play an essential role in mitigating CO2 emissions, while developed methods and technologies are not yet mature. More research work needs to be conducted to improve the process efficiency via developing catalysts and reducing the cost of producing H2 that is used as a reactant for fuel synthesis. Moreover, current literature also shows that impurities will affect the process of both CCS and CCU, while the work of studying their influence, especially on CCU, is still scarce. The cost of CCS has been estimated combined with impurities, while studies on cost estimation for CCU are still limited, and the cost, in general, is relatively high with the currently available technologies.

An imidazolium‐based ionic liquid, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium diethyl phosphate ([Emim]DEP) was used to dispense graphene nanoplates (GN) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as well as dissolve cellulose for fabricating composite conductive films. The effects of GN, MWCNTs, and cellulose mass ratios on the electrical conductivity and morphology of the films were investigated. The interaction between GN, MWCNTs, and cellulose was analyzed by SEM, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), TGA, and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that [Emim]DEP plays a vital and irreplaceable role in GN and MWCNTs dispersion, cellulose dissolution, and porous formation during the regeneration and drying processes. MWCNTs linked flaky GN and a hybrid structure was constructed elaborately to form a better conductive path and improve the conductivity as well as increase the film stability. For the XRD result, the carbonized GN‐MWCNTs‐cellulose films exhibited the graphitic peaks, showing that the films still retained the structure of carbon atoms or molecules. Besides, the maximum conductivity of carbonized GN‐MWCNTs‐cellulose (7:3:2) composite film was up to 9,009 S m⁻¹, due to the small carbon clusters formation and the high degree of graphitization. Further, the carbonized films were applied as anodes in Li‐ion battery and showed good electrochemical performance. The best cyclic stability (i.e., discharge/charge capacity) of 438/429 mA h g⁻¹ and coulomb efficiency of 50.2% were obtained. This novel and sustainable design is a promising approach to obtain cellulose‐based conductive films and anodes for Li‐ion battery applications.

The CO₂ solubilities (including CO₂ Henry’s constants) and viscosities in ionic liquids (ILs)/deep eutectic solvents (DESs)-based hybrid solvents were comprehensively collected and summarized. The literature survey results of CO₂ solubility illustrated that the addition of hybrid solvents to ILs/DESs can significantly enhance the CO₂ solubility, and some of the ILs-based hybrid solvents are super to DESs-based hybrid solvents. The best hybrid solvents of IL–H₂O, IL–organic, IL–amine, DES–H₂O, and DES–organic are [DMAPAH][Formate] (2.5:1) + H₂O (20 wt %) (4.61 mol/kg, 298 K, 0.1 MPa), [P₄₄₄₄][Pro] + PEG400 (70 wt %) (1.61 mol/kg, 333.15 K, 1.68 MPa), [DMAPAH][Formate] (2.0:1) + MEA (30 wt %) (6.24 mol/kg, 298 K, 0.1 MPa), [TEMA][Cl]-GLY-H₂O 1:2:0.11 (0.66 mol/kg, 298 K, 1.74 MPa), and [Ch][Cl]-MEA 1:2 + DBN 1:1 (5.11 mol/kg, 298 K, 0.1 MPa), respectively. All of these best candidates show higher CO₂ solubility than their used pure ILs or DESs, evidencing that IL/DES-based hybrid solvents are remarkable for CO₂ capture. For the summarized viscosity results, the presence of hybrid solvents in ILs and DESs can decrease their viscosities. The lowest viscosities acquired in this work for IL–H₂O, IL–amine, DES–H₂O, and DES–organic hybrid solvents are [DEA][Bu] + H₂O (98.78 mol%) (0.59 mPa·s, 343.15 K), [BMIM][BF₄] + DETA (94.9 mol%) (2.68 mPa·s, 333.15 K), [L-Arg]-GLY 1:6 + H₂O (60 wt %) (2.7 mPa·s, 353.15 K), and [MTPP][Br]-LEV-Ac 1:3:0.03 (16.16 mPa·s, 333.15 K) at 0.1 MPa, respectively.