Open this publication in new window or tab >>2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
Abstract [en]
Following the expansion of hydropower in the Swedish north during the 20th century, wild salmon populations became extinct in most rivers, along with the disappearance of local fishing practices that had sustained communities for millennia. The most rapid decline occurred between the 1940s and 1970s. Against this backdrop, this dissertation aims to understand and explain how societal forces and power relations – between humans and between humans and salmon – shaped these extinction processes. To historicise these events, the analysis also considers long-term shifts in human-salmon relationships. A central finding is that the extinction of genetically distinct salmon populations can be understood as the culmination of a prolonged industrial-era process, marked by cyclical patterns of capitalist extraction, salmon decline, and social marginalisation of salmon-fishing locals. By the 1940s, hydropower expansion plans threatened to drive most wild salmon populations extinct. In response, debates emerged over salmon protection. Within this context, fisheries biologists persuaded the hydropower industry to fund smolt breeding programs to sustain offshore fishery yields, despite the obstruction of salmon migration routes. Securing these investments did, at the same time, strengthen the financial resources and professional status of the field of fisheries biology. Ultimately, the expansion of hydropower was propelled by economic and political imperatives rooted in the belief that production and consumption must continuously grow. This dissertation argues that capitalist extraction has been legitimised by ideologies of human superiority over nonhuman beings, leading decision-makers to rationalise population-level salmon extinctions as an acceptable trade-off for industrial growth. In conservation debates, salmon were framed as sources of profit rather than living beings with intrinsic value, leaving few ethical incentives to prevent population-level extinctions. Salmon, bound to their home rivers but unable to return, became lost to the world by being lost within it. Their disappearance has disrupted ecosystems and constituted a significant economic and cultural loss for local communities – undermining subsistence practices and diminishing knowledge embedded in salmon lifecycles. The broader intention of this dissertation is to highlight the global issue of accelerating biospheric impoverishment caused by human activity and its far-reaching consequences for humans, other living beings, and ecosystems. In this context, contributing knowledge on fish is particularly relevant, as they are among the most threatened groups of living beings on the planet. The ongoing and severe decline of fish populations in Swedish waters – coupled with their marginalisation in Swedish environmental history – further underscores the urgency of this study.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Luleå: Luleå University of Technology, 2025
Series
Doctoral thesis / Luleå University of Technology 1 jan 1997 → …, ISSN 1402-1544
Keywords
Salmon, Environmental History, Political Ecology, Eco-Marxism, Metabolic Rift Theory, Extinction Studies, Fisheries
National Category
History
Research subject
History
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-113215 (URN)978-91-8048-857-0 (ISBN)978-91-8048-858-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-09-30, A109, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, 10:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
2025-06-162025-06-132025-10-21Bibliographically approved