Local residents are driving digital transformation (DT) in rural societies. I aim to explore the emergence of rural DT from the perspective of rural societies. More precisely, I intend to identify important characteristics that make it possible for interventions to bear fruit. Additionally, I will identify key policy characteristics able to support a resilient and viable rural DT.

This study seeks to achieve its objectives by employing the theory of critical systems thinking, emphasising critical awareness and empowerment leading to transformation. It employs a multimethodological approach based on critical systems practice, utilising tools such as wicked problems, critical systems heuristics, living labs, and action research as the primary methods. 

The research is based on the DigiBy project, which adopts a large-scale living labs approach. The empirical data were collected in close collaboration with village associations, rural retail store owners and end-users in the villages of Norrbotten, the northernmost county in Sweden.

The study addresses digital transformation of rural societies from a systems perspective, introducing the concept of the “rural digital ecosystem”. This system perspective facilitates a comprehensive integration of digital services into rural communities tailored to address their needs. These services are implemented under the economic urban imperative of “time is money”, However, in rural settings, micro-organisations operate with limited competition, and resources are scarce, creating particular challenges. Moreover, national digital policies and regulations are driven by a market-oriented and specialised approach and designed with a one-size-fits-all attitude that assumes uniformity across geographic and demographic contexts, frequently clashing with the needs of rural communities. In rural societies, digital transformation extends beyond mere technology uptake and plays a crucial role in empowering communities, reshaping social roles, and addressing social and emotional dimensions.