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Co-designing the urban energy transition: A resident-based approach
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9853-9092
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Social Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7199-7843
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3456-5889
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6831-8857
2025 (English)In: Cities, ISSN 0264-2751, E-ISSN 1873-6084, Vol. 156, article id 105506Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The high ambitions for renewable carbon technologies, increasing electricity demands and technological developments will likely open for more small-scale electricity production closer to end users in cities and urbanized areas. This paper seeks to understand how participatory design methods and the integration of renewable energy techniques like photovoltaics can contribute to more democratic, sustainable, and livable urban planning in the age of energy transition. Data was analysed through participatory design workshops in a suburban district in the north of Sweden, with residents living and working there, and with stakeholders from the municipality and the local energy company. The results of the resident design workshop indicate a significant reservoir of knowledge and creative ability among the participants. It emphasizes the importance of bringing people together to share their opinions and ideas for a more democratic planning in the built environment. The stakeholder workshop indicates that co-operations between multiple stakeholders and the development of participatory methods are essential for addressing the problematic issues associated with e.g., building regulations and community shared electricity. Fostering collaboration, and promoting inclusive decision-making, can lead to more effective and sustainable practices, better regulatory frameworks, and improved outcomes for communities.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2025. Vol. 156, article id 105506
Keywords [en]
Participatory design, Small-scale renewable electricity, Photovoltaics (PV), Urban energy transition, Public acceptance, Prosumers
National Category
Energy Systems Energy Engineering Peace and Conflict Studies Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Research subject
Architecture; Economics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-110531DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105506ISI: 001346610900001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85207132048OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-110531DiVA, id: diva2:1907959
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency, 46355-1
Note

Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-10-24 (sarsun);

Full text license: CC BY 

Available from: 2024-10-24 Created: 2024-10-24 Last updated: 2026-04-17Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Co-Designing Energy Transition in Cultural Heritage Districts
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Co-Designing Energy Transition in Cultural Heritage Districts
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The accelerating transition toward renewable energy may offer a transformative opportunity to shape sustainable future urban built environments . Concerns over energy security and resilience are driving a shift toward decentralised, small-scale electricity generation closer to end users, particularly in urbanised areas.  In this context, advances in photovoltaic (PV) systems and rising electricity demand highlight the potential of renewable energy for sustainable urban transformation.This thesis presents an investigation how PV can be sensitively and effectively integrated into cultural heritage districts. These environments face the dual challenge of meeting sustainability goals while safeguarding material and intangible heritage values. The study addresses two key research questions: How can participatory design methods be designed to include prosumers as key stakeholders in the urban energy transition within cultural heritage districts? And what are the barriers and facilitators of urban energy transition in such contexts? The integrated framework conceptualises heritage districts as complex socio-technical systems in which diverse stakeholder values, institutional frameworks, and material constraints interact. The research explores how participatory processes can mediate between competing objectives, technological innovation, aesthetic coherence, and cultural continuity, while enabling equitable decision-making and contextually adapted design outcomes.Methodologically, the study employs a , qualitative abductive analysed research project centred on three case studies: Porsön in Luleå, Öjeby Church Town in Piteå ( both in Norrbotten), and Södertorg (the South City Square) in Visby, Gotland. These sites were selected for their solar potential, distinct? heritage contexts, and varying conditions. Across these cases, a serie of participatory design workshops were conducted to engage potential prosumers, local authorities, heritage professionals, and energy experts in co-designing PV interventions. Through dialogue and design experimentation, the research tested and refined participatory methods for heritage contexts.The results reveal that involving residents and local actors early in the design process enhances better social acceptance and contextual appropriateness. At the same time, expert input remains essential to ensure technical feasibility and aesthetic quality. Furthermore, energy transition can act as a catalyst for urban renewal, strengthening the attractiveness, accessibility, and sustainability.The research contributes, both theoretically and practically, to the fields of sustainable urbanism, heritage conservation, and participatory design research. It establishes that a normative, value-driven participatory design approach, situated within a communicative and complex systems perspective, can bridge the gap between conservation and innovation. The study recommends advancing participatory design in urban living labs. Future efforts could include qualitative assessments and quantitative analyses of energy performance to develop a guideline manual for decision-makers and planners. Finally, the thesis calls for revising existing policies, regulations, and heritage management instruments to support context-sensitive renewable energy integration.The accelerating transition toward renewable energy may offer a transformative opportunity to shape sustainable future urban built environments . Concerns over energy security and resilience are driving a shift toward decentralised, small-scale electricity generation closer to end users, particularly in urbanised areas.  In this context, advances in photovoltaic (PV) systems and rising electricity demand highlight the potential of renewable energy for sustainable urban transformation.This thesis presents an investigation how PV can be sensitively and effectively integrated into cultural heritage districts. These environments face the dual challenge of meeting sustainability goals while safeguarding material and intangible heritage values. The study addresses two key research questions: How can participatory design methods be designed to include prosumers as key stakeholders in the urban energy transition within cultural heritage districts? And what are the barriers and facilitators of urban energy transition in such contexts? The integrated framework conceptualises heritage districts as complex socio-technical systems in which diverse stakeholder values, institutional frameworks, and material constraints interact. The research explores how participatory processes can mediate between competing objectives, technological innovation, aesthetic coherence, and cultural continuity, while enabling equitable decision-making and contextually adapted design outcomes.Methodologically, the study employs a , qualitative abductive analysed research project centred on three case studies: Porsön in Luleå, Öjeby Church Town in Piteå ( both in Norrbotten), and Södertorg (the South City Square) in Visby, Gotland. These sites were selected for their solar potential, distinct? heritage contexts, and varying conditions. Across these cases, a serie of participatory design workshops were conducted to engage potential prosumers, local authorities, heritage professionals, and energy experts in co-designing PV interventions. Through dialogue and design experimentation, the research tested and refined participatory methods for heritage contexts.The results reveal that involving residents and local actors early in the design process enhances better social acceptance and contextual appropriateness. At the same time, expert input remains essential to ensure technical feasibility and aesthetic quality. Furthermore, energy transition can act as a catalyst for urban renewal, strengthening the attractiveness, accessibility, and sustainability.The research contributes, both theoretically and practically, to the fields of sustainable urbanism, heritage conservation, and participatory design research. It establishes that a normative, value-driven participatory design approach, situated within a communicative and complex systems perspective, can bridge the gap between conservation and innovation. The study recommends advancing participatory design in urban living labs. Future efforts could include qualitative assessments and quantitative analyses of energy performance to develop a guideline manual for decision-makers and planners. Finally, the thesis calls for revising existing policies, regulations, and heritage management instruments to support context-sensitive renewable energy integration.

Abstract [sv]

Omställningen till förnybar energi kan ge möjligheter att forma framtida hållbara städer. Ökade krav på energisäkerhet och resiliens driver en utveckling mot en decentraliserad och småskalig elproduktion närmare slutanvändare, särskilt i stadsmiljöer. I detta sammanhang utgör en ökad elanvändning samt den tekniska utvecklingen inom solcellssystem en betydande potential.Den här avhandlingen presenterar en undersökning av hur parter involverade i processer för integration av solcellssystem kan utföras på ett varsamt och ändamålsenligt sätt i kulturarvsdistrikt, det vill säga stadsmiljöer med särskilda arkitektoniska och historiska kvaliteter. Dessa miljöer står inför en dubbel utmaning: att uppfylla samtida krav på hållbarhet och livskvalitet samtidigt som materiella och immateriella kulturvärden bevaras. Forskningsproblemet handlar om hur energiomställningen kan förenas med varsam integrering av solceller genom deltagande designprocesser som är kontextuellt förankrade och värdekänsliga.I studien utvecklas ett integrerat ramverk där kulturarvsdistrikt förstås som komplexa sociotekniska system, inom vilka olika aktörers värderingar, institutionella ramar och materiella förutsättningar samverkar dynamiskt. Mot denna bakgrund analyseras hur deltagande och kommunikativa processer kan mediera mellan delvis motstridiga mål såsom teknisk innovation, estetisk  utformning? och kulturell kontinuitet, samtidigt som demokratiska beslutsprocesser och kontextanpassade gestaltningslösningar möjliggörs.Metodologiskt bygger studien på en abduktiv, kvalitativ forskningsansats med tre fallstudier: Porsön i Luleå, Öjebyns kyrkstad i Piteå (Norrbotten) samt Södertorg i Visby (Gotland). Dessa platser har valts utifrån deras höga solenergipotential, skilda kulturhistoriska sammanhang samt varierande sociala och institutionella förutsättningar. Inom ramen för respektive fall genomfördes en serie deltagande kreativa workshops där boende gemensamt utvecklade och prövade möjliga solcellsintegrationer. Separata workshops med kommunala företrädare, kulturmiljöexperter och energispecialister genomfördes också.  Resultaten visar att tidig involvering av framtida prosumenter (producenter och konsumenter av förnybar energi) och lokala aktörer i en samskapande process stärker den sociala acceptansen och bidrar till mer kontextuellt förankrade lösningar. Samtidigt framträder betydelsen av expertkunskap för att säkerställa teknisk genomförbarhet och arkitektonisk kvalitet. Fallstudierna visar vidare att energiomställningsinitiativ kan fungera som katalysatorer för bredare stadsförnyelseprocesser genom att öka attraktionskraften, tillgängligheten och den långsiktiga hållbarheten i kulturarvdistrikt.Avhandlingen bidrar såväl teoretiskt som praktiskt till forskningsfältet kulturarvsstudier. Den visar att en normativt grundad värdeorienterad deltagande- och samskapandeansats, förankrad i ett kommunikativt och komplexitetsteoretiskt perspektiv, kan överbrygga motsättningen mellan bevarande och innovation.Baserat på Studien rekommenderas en fortsatt utveckling av deltagande design inom ramen för urbana (energi)testbäddar. Ett förslag är att etablera en virtuell testbädd där olika scenarier för solcellsintegration kan simuleras, utvärderas och förfinas i samverkan med olika aktörsgrupper. Framtida forskning bör kombinera olika kvalitativa metoder för att studera gestaltningsmässiga och sociala effekter tillsammans med kvantitativa analyser av energiprestanda, med målet att utveckla en handbok med riktlinjer för beslutsfattare och planerare.Avslutningsvis argumenterar avhandlingen för behovet av att vidareutveckla befintliga policyer, regelverk och kulturmiljöbevarande för att möjliggöra en kontextkänslig integrering av förnybar energi. Att skapa en sådan samordning mellan energiomställning och kulturmiljövård utgör inte enbart en teknisk utmaning, utan även ett normativt och etiskt åtagande för hållbara urbana framtider.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Luleå: Luleå University of Technology, 2026
Series
Doctoral thesis / Luleå University of Technology, ISSN 1402-1544
Keywords
Architecture, Heritage studies, Cultural heritage, Participatory design, Urban Planning, Energy transition
National Category
Architecture
Research subject
Architecture
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-117182 (URN)978-91-8142-052-4 (ISBN)978-91-8142-053-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-06-05, C305, Laboratorievägen 14, Luleå, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2026-04-17 Created: 2026-04-17 Last updated: 2026-04-17Bibliographically approved

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Vikström, LarsEk, KristinaLuciani, AndreaRizzo, Agatino

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