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2024 (English)In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 58, no 32, p. 14518-14529Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
Current knowledge about the fate and transport behaviors of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in urban stormwater biofilter facilities is very limited. C5–14,16 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids [perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs)], C4,8,10 perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids (PFSAs), methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamide acetic acid (MeFOSAA, a PFSA precursor), and unknown C6–8 PFCA and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid precursors were frequently found in bioretention media and forebay sediments at Σ35PFAS concentrations of <0.03–19 and 0.064–16 μg/kg-DW, respectively. Unknown C6–8 PFCA precursor concentrations were up to ten times higher than the corresponding PFCAs, especially at forebays and biofilters’ top layer. No significant trend could be attributed to PFAS and precursor concentrations versus depth of filter media, though PFAS concentrations were 2–3 times higher in the upper layers on average (significant difference between the upper (0–5 cm) and deepest (35–50 cm) layer). PFASs had a similar spatial concentration distribution in each filter media (no clear difference between short- and long-chain PFASs). Commercial land use and organic matter were important factors explaining the concentration variations among the biofilters and between the sampling depths, respectively. Given the comparable PFAS accumulations in deeper and superficial layers and possible increased mobility after precursor biotransformation, designing shallow-depth, nonamended sand biofilters or maintaining only the top layer may be insufficient for stormwater PFAS management.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS), 2024
Keywords
Urban runoff, Emerging contaminants, Bioretention, Filter media, Fate and Transport, Retention, TOP assay
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-108442 (URN)10.1021/acs.est.4c05170 (DOI)001280935500001 ()39078743 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85199949644 (Scopus ID)
Projects
DRIZZLE
Funder
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, NV-03810-23Vinnova, 2016-05176: DRIZZLESvenska Byggbranschens Utvecklingsfond (SBUF), 13623
Note
Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-08-14 (hanlid);
Full text license: CC BY
2024-07-312024-07-312025-01-22Bibliographically approved