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Development and characterization of novel tannin-modified konjac glucomannan hydrogels with optimized crosslinking features
Arvedi Laboratory of Non-Invasive Diagnostics, CISRiC, University of Pavia, 26100 Cremona, Italy; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; NBFC – National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo Italy.
Arvedi Laboratory of Non-Invasive Diagnostics, CISRiC, University of Pavia, 26100 Cremona, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Arvedi Laboratory of Non-Invasive Diagnostics, CISRiC, University of Pavia, 26100 Cremona, Italy; Department of Musicology and Cultural Heritage, University of Pavia, 26100 Cremona, Italy.
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2025 (English)In: Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications, E-ISSN 2666-8939, Vol. 11, article id 100875Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a non-toxic, biodegradable polysaccharide known for its excellent gel-forming properties and high water retention. This study presents a novel tannin-enhanced KGM hydrogel, tailored for controlled solvent release and improved surface adaptability in artwork cleaning applications. Hydrogel formulation consisting of KGM crosslinked with borax was optimized generating borax through the reaction of boric acid and sodium hydroxide. This resulted in uniformly crosslinked gels with improved tensile strength and high moisture retention, essential for controlled cleaning. Moreover, tannins were incorporated in the optimised KGM-based polymer matrices. This modification was introduced as a novel and sustainable strategy to enhance crosslinking, leveraging natural polyphenols to add functional properties. Two tannins were tested: a condensed tannin isolated from Vitis vinifera, and a hydrolyzable tannin isolated from oak, tannic acid. Tannins were incorporated either through hydrogen bonding or covalently. Covalent attachment was achieved using epichlorohydrin (ECH) to add an epoxide motif to the tannin, enabling covalent binding with KGM. The resulting gels were thoroughly characterized for their chemical, rheological and morphological properties, showing that novel crosslinking via in situ borax formation improved moisture retention and surface adaptability, while the incorporation of tannins enhanced water absorption, maintaining high retention and favorable mechanical properties.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd , 2025. Vol. 11, article id 100875
Keywords [en]
Konjac, Hydrogels, Polyphenols, Boric acid, Mechanical properties, Water retention, Cleaning
National Category
Polymer Chemistry
Research subject
Biochemical Process Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-113732DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100875Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105007819587OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-113732DiVA, id: diva2:1975805
Note

Validerad;2025;Nivå 1;2025-06-24 (u5);

Full text license: CC BY 4.0;

Funder: European Union – Next Generation EU; Italian Ministry of University and Research;

Available from: 2025-06-24 Created: 2025-06-24 Last updated: 2025-06-24Bibliographically approved

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Lange, Heiko

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