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Experimental investigation and machine learning-based estimation of oxyhydrogen (HHO) gas production using KOH electrolyte in a flat plate electrolyser
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India.
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4034-8859
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0055-2740
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2025 (English)In: Fuel processing technology, ISSN 0378-3820, E-ISSN 1873-7188, Vol. 278, article id 108339Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Hydrogen gas has gained significant attention as a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels offering a sustainable energy solution. This study explores the production efficiency of oxyhydrogen (HHO) gas using a flat plate electrolyser with potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the electrolyte. Machine learning regression models were employed to estimate hydrogen generation rates and system efficiency based on key operational parameters that includes voltage, current and electrolyte concentration. A set of gradient-boosting algorithms was evaluated utilizing raw experimental data to predict (i) hydrogen output in liters per minute (LPM) and (ii) system efficiency. The results indicate that Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) excelled in forecasting system efficiency (R2 = 0.9748, RMSE = 1.6567 on testing data) and predicting HHO gas generation rate (R2 = 0.9936, RMSE = 0.0090). The experimental results show that with the increase in KOH concentration there is increase in production of Hydrogen. Maximum efficiency was noted with 0.5 N of KOH with the peak efficiency of 99.8 % because of its optimal conductivity and power consumption. It can also be absorbed that higher concentration such 0.75 N and 1 N have shown significant improvement in hydrogen production. Experimental findings further revealed that moderate operating conditions maximize hydrogen production with efficiency varying as a function of applied current and electrolyte concentration. This study highlights the advantages of integrating machine learning models with electrolysis-based hydrogen production offering a scalable and data-driven approach to optimizing energy efficiency. The results underscore the potential of KOH-based electrolysis for sustainable hydrogen generation and reinforce the role of predictive modeling in enhancing system performance.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2025. Vol. 278, article id 108339
Keywords [en]
HHO gas, Flate plate electrolyser, Machine learning, Prediction analysis
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Research subject
Operation and Maintenance Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-114875DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108339ISI: 001577634300001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105016458523OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-114875DiVA, id: diva2:2000327
Note

Validerad;2025;Nivå 2;2025-09-30 (u2);

Full text: CC BY license;

Available from: 2025-09-23 Created: 2025-09-23 Last updated: 2025-11-28Bibliographically approved

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Adoul, Mohammed AminVenkatesh, NaveenKarim, RaminKour, Ravdeep

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