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Autonomous Offroad Vehicle Real-Time Multi-Physics Digital Twin: Modeling and Validation
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2167-5982
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6209-9355
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9862-828X
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2342-1647
2026 (English)In: Machines, E-ISSN 2075-1702, Vol. 14, no 1, article id 128Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The use of physical vehicles and environments during vehicle research and development is highly resource-intensive, particularly for autonomous vehicles. Recently, digital models are therefore increasingly used instead, which require high levels of fidelity and validity. While the two aforementioned qualities are often lacking, an absence of versatility for multi-purpose use is even more prevalent in current digital models. In response to these challenges, this work presents a novel real-time multi-physics digital twin of an offroad vehicle with high levels of fidelity and validity, both regarding the vehicle dynamics and hydraulics, as well as regarding the visual representation of the environment and the exteroceptive sensor emulation. The versatility of the digital twin enables its usage for vehicle development tasks concerning mechanical components and driveline, as well as for visual machine learning tasks, such as generation of auto-annotated visual training data. Development of control algorithms leveraging both visual input and mechanical systems is also enabled. Furthermore, the real-time capability allows for Hardware-in-the-Loop and Vehicle-in-the-Loop simulation. The modeling, calibration, and real-world validation of the digital twin is presented, with an emphasis on the vehicle dynamics and hydraulics. The shown validity enables advancements in the development of autonomous offroad vehicles.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2026. Vol. 14, no 1, article id 128
Keywords [en]
multibody simulation, MBS, Offroad, forwarder, harvester, hydraulics, articulated vehicle, multi-physics simulation, hardware-in-the-loop, vehicle-in-the-loop
National Category
Robotics and automation
Research subject
Machine Design
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-116128DOI: 10.3390/machines14010128ISI: 001671061300001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105028737821OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-116128DiVA, id: diva2:2031397
Funder
Interreg Nord, NYPS 20202905Interreg Aurora, NYPS 20357984
Note

Full text license: CC BY 4.0;

Available from: 2026-01-23 Created: 2026-01-23 Last updated: 2026-06-30Bibliographically approved

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Lehto, MattiasLindbäck, TorbjörnLideskog, HåkanKarlberg, Magnus

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CiteExportLink to record
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