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Comparative evaluation of non-destructive and CT-derived indicators for stiffness assessment of reclaimed Norway spruce timber
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Wood Science and Engineering. Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science. Wood K Plus - Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Klagenfurter Straße 87–89, 9300 St. Veit an der Glan, Austria; .ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9196-0370
Centre for Information Technology and Architecture (CITA), Royal Danish Academy, Philip de Langes Allé 10, 1435 Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0357-892X
Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia.ORCID iD: 0009-0008-8185-0061
TNO-Building Materials and Structures, Molengraaffsingel 8, 2629JD Delft, The Netherlands.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0316-6423
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2026 (English)In: European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, ISSN 0018-3768, E-ISSN 1436-736X, Vol. 84, no 3, article id 81Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Reliable evaluation of mechanical performance is a central constraint for structural reuse of reclaimed timber. This study provides a controlled comparative assessment of non-destructive indicators for piece-wise characterisation of reclaimed Norway spruce elements intended for reuse as glulam lamellas. Visual assessment, longitudinal dynamic excitation, and CT-derived modelling indicators were evaluated against global and zone-wise flatwise bending tests on 56 reclaimed beams from a single material stream with known species, cross-section, and initial strength class. Dynamic excitation provided the most reliable single predictor of global bending stiffness at specimen level. Visual assessment showed limited discriminatory power for this comparatively homogeneous material. CT-derived indicators based on density and orientation fields reproduced principal intra-member stiffness variations associated with knots and fibre disturbance and showed predictive capability of similar order to established mechanical non-destructive indicators. Systematic differences between methods were primarily attributable to moisture-state uncertainty, modelling assumptions, and the global nature of the mechanical reference tests. Strength-related results, based on a limited destructive subset, are interpreted as exploratory. Within these bounds, the study establishes a comparative reference dataset for multi-modal evaluation of reclaimed structural timber and demonstrates how conventional and volumetric indicators complement each other in resolving global stiffness and intra-member variability relevant to allocation in engineered wood products. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2026. Vol. 84, no 3, article id 81
National Category
Wood Science
Research subject
Wood and Bionanocomposites; Wood Science and Engineering
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URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-117756DOI: 10.1007/s00107-026-02433-1OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-117756DiVA, id: diva2:2064500
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Available from: 2026-06-02 Created: 2026-06-02 Last updated: 2026-06-02Bibliographically approved

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Huber, Johannes Albert JosefBroman, Olof

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Huber, Johannes Albert JosefSvilans, TomKauniste, MaarjaVonk, Niels H.Broman, OlofTuhkanen, EeroWuyts, WendyJust, AlarTamke, MartinThomsen, Mette Ramsgaard
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2021222324252623 of 98
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