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Long-term durability and leaching performance of bioash-GGBFS stabilized contaminated soil under cyclic aging, percolation, and diffusion
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Geosciences and Environmental Engineering.ORCID iD: 0009-0005-6943-4397
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Geosciences and Environmental Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4292-6752
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Geosciences and Environmental Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1442-1573
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Geosciences and Environmental Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9715-975X
2026 (English)In: Results in Engineering (RINENG), ISSN 2590-1230, Vol. 32, article id 111767Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Conventional validation of low-carbon stabilization binders often relies on short curing periods and batch leaching tests, which do not adequately capture long-term durability or transport-controlled contaminant release. In this study, a bioash–GGBFS binder was evaluated for stabilization/solidification of metal-contaminated soil from Näsudden, Sweden, using an integrated program of extended curing, wet–dry and freeze–thaw cycling, and standardized percolation and diffusion leaching tests. The treated mixture (50% soil, 35% bioash, and 15% GGBFS) developed unconfined compressive strength in the MPa range and maintained high strength after durability exposure, with 1635 ± 308 kPa after wet–dry cycling and 2047 ± 100 kPa after freeze–thaw cycling. Percolation testing at L/S = 10 showed strong reductions in leaching compared with untreated soil, including 96% for As, 98% for Cd, 90% for Pb, 92% for Zn, 88% for Ni, and 65% for Cu. Diffusion testing confirmed low release for most elements, while Cu showed the highest cumulative release and mobility, indicating an element-specific limitation. Overall, the results demonstrate that the bioash–GGBFS binder can provide both durable mechanical performance and sustained immobilization of most priority contaminants under transport-relevant conditions. The findings support its potential as a low-carbon alternative for stabilization and reuse of contaminated soils, although additional measures may be needed where Cu governs compliance

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier B.V. , 2026. Vol. 32, article id 111767
Keywords [en]
Bioash–GGBFS binder, Stabilization/solidification, Metal immobilization, Freeze–thaw, Column percolation, Diffusion leaching
National Category
Environmental Management
Research subject
Waste Science and Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-118974DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111767Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105043225752OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-118974DiVA, id: diva2:2084558
Funder
Swedish Geotechnical Institute
Note

Full text: CC BY license;

Available from: 2026-07-06 Created: 2026-07-06 Last updated: 2026-07-06Bibliographically approved

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Khasevani, Sepideh GholizadehCarabante, IvanKumpiene, JurateAndreas, Lale

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1819202122232421 of 91
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