The interest in nanoscale materials is due to their positive impact in various scientific areas such as energy; environmental and in biomedical sciences. Carbon has a wide range of interesting properties; which makes it a versatile element and special attention has been paid to carbon based nanostructures such as fullerenes and nanotubes among several other investigated materials. Fullerenes; with their distinctive carbon cage structure; have been the object of intense research since their discovery and they have become a building block of nanoscience and a base for novel molecular materials. Fullerenes have also played a central role in the development of a variety of single molecule techniques and spectroscopies; each of which is currently an intensely active sub-field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. These include: single molecule manipulation; single molecule electronic and optical microscopy; and monomolecular electronic devices