The world is currently involved in a frantic effort to substitute biofuels for gasoline and diesel. In 2001, biofuels accounted for less than 1/2% of total oil products use; in 2008 replacement is assessed to be 1.7% (equal to the crude oil output of Algeria). Originally, the effort was completely dominated by Brazil and the US, but in recent years the European Union has become a leading player. Its global goal for 2020 is a replacement of oil products by 10%. With the exception of Brazil's sugar-based ethanol, the biofuels programs are uneconomical, and driven by public support. Ethanol in the US receives subsidies in excess of $1 per liter of displaced gasoline, while support in Europe is in a range of $1.60-4.90. These numbers can be compared with a pretax gasoline and diesel price of $0.50 when crude oil sells at $70 per barrel, and around $0.65 with oil at