Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Thermo-Mechanical and Structural Characterization of Isothermally Annealed 3D Printed Pseudo-Amorphous Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK).
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Machine Elements.ORCID iD: 0009-0007-0245-1648
State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4210-840X
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Machine Elements.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8676-8819
2025 (English)In: Macromolecular materials and engineering, ISSN 1438-7492, E-ISSN 1439-2054, Vol. 310, no 8, article id 2500076Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) (60/40 TERE/ISO) is characterized by a lower processing temperature and a higher glass transition temperature (Tg) compared to polyetheretherketone (PEEK), making it a promising material for 3D printing. However, it remains in amorphous state post-printing due to its slow crystallization rate. In this study, isothermal annealing is conducted on 3D printed pseudo amorphous PEKK at various times and temperature. Thermal analysis techniques reveal that both annealing time and temperature play a pivotal role in enhancing crystallinity, with levels reaching up to 27% when annealed between the Tg and the melting temperature (Tm). However, thermal stability decreased as the annealing temperature approached Tm. X-ray diffraction studies demonstrate that annealing between Tg and Tm promotes the development of stable form II crystals, while annealing at higher temperatures encourages the formation of form I crystals. Furthermore, dynamic mechanical analysis indicated a 44% increase in mechanical stiffness following annealing, and compressive testing shows improved yield strength, comparable to that of other polyaryletherketone (PAEK) materials. These findings suggest that controlled annealing of 3D printed PEKK enables precise tailoring of its crystallinity and mechanical properties, making it adaptable for a wide range of applications, such as biomedical devices that require patient-specific customization.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2025. Vol. 310, no 8, article id 2500076
Keywords [en]
3D printing, annealing, crystallization, mechanical, PAEK, PEKK, thermal
National Category
Other Mechanical Engineering
Research subject
Machine Elements
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-112402DOI: 10.1002/mame.202500076ISI: 001462656900001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105002238551OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-112402DiVA, id: diva2:1952058
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 956004
Note

Validerad;2025;Nivå 2;2025-11-06 (u2);

Full text license: CC BY

Available from: 2025-04-14 Created: 2025-04-14 Last updated: 2025-11-06Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(5307 kB)86 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 5307 kBChecksum SHA-512
1ff9ceafd012d2fdccc3404969c6774cb469793bf602efd5e2608563113cfa6720a34df84261547413c16751b42445a8cf8a53c50574897f8f06d486c0fa5fb0
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Other links

Publisher's full textScopus

Authority records

Shrestha, Dilesh RajEmami, Nazanin

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Shrestha, Dilesh RajWang, XiaolongEmami, Nazanin
By organisation
Machine Elements
In the same journal
Macromolecular materials and engineering
Other Mechanical Engineering

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 86 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 272 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf