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The Impact of Different Encoding Modalities on Memory Recall and Recognition in a Non Native Language
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health, Education and Technology.
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health, Education and Technology.
2025 (English)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

This study aimed to explore different encoding modalities and how they affect an individual’s ability to process novel information in a non-native language. A sample of 30 people with an age range of 20-57 years were randomly assigned to one of three different encoding modality groups: drawing, writing and typing. Performance in memory recall and recognition was assessed. The participants had Swedish as their native language while the experiment was conducted in English, which was their second language. As data was not normally distributed, Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to see if there were any differences between the modality groups for the main variables recall and recognition. Furthermore, to assess if there was an association between participant total self-rated English proficiency and performance in recall and recognition, Spearman’s correlation tests were conducted for each modality. Results including and excluding outliers showed that while the drawing group on average recalled more words, no significant differences were observed between the encoding modalities. Similarly, none of the correlations between participant total self-rated English proficiency and the main variables were statistically significant either. In recognition when excluding outliers, the drawing and typing groups correlation also ended up in a ceiling effect and floor level for false alarms on recognition as confirmed by the tests being nonsignificant. In conclusion, there were no significant correlations between variables for the modalities, and neither was there a significant difference in performance between the modalities when it came to the study variables.

Abstract [sv]

Denna studie syftade till att utforska olika inkodningsmodaliteter och hur de påverkar en individs förmåga att bearbeta ny information på ett andraspråk. Ett urval på 30 personer med ett åldersspann på 20-57 år blev slumpmässigt tilldelade en av tre olika inkodningsmodalitetsgrupper: rita, skriva för hand, skriva på tangentbord. Prestation i minnesåterkallelse och igenkänning bedömdes. Deltagarna hade svenska som deras modersmål medans experimentet utfördes på engelska, vilket var deras andraspråk. Då datan inte var normalfördelad utfördes Kruskal-Wallis test för att se om det fanns några skillnader mellan modalitetgrupperna för de huvudsakliga variablerna återkallning och igenkänning. Vidare, för att bedöma om det fanns något samband mellan deltagarnas självskattade engelskakunskaper och prestation i återkallning och igenkänning, utfördes Spearmans korrelations test för varje modalitet. Resultaten som inkluderade och exkluderade avvikande värden visade att även om rita-gruppen i genomsnitt återkallade mer ord, fanns det inga signifikanta skillnader mellan inkodningsmodaliteterna. Liknande, blev inga av korrelationerna mellan deltagarnas självskattade engelskakunskaper och de huvudsakliga variablerna statistiskt signifikanta heller. I igenkänning när avvikande värden exkluderades uppstod en takeffekt för korrelationerna som involverade grupperna för rita och skriva för hand, samt en golvnivå för falskt alarm i igenkänning, vilket bekräftades av att testen blev ickesignifikanta. Avslutningsvis fanns det inga signifikanta korrelationer mellan variablerna för modaliteterna, det fanns heller ingen signifikant skillnad i prestation mellan modaliteterna när det kom till studievariablerna. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. , p. 36
Keywords [en]
Modality, Encoding, Recall, Recognition, Language
Keywords [sv]
Modalitet, Inkodning, Återkallning, Igenkänning, Språk
National Category
Psychology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-113171OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-113171DiVA, id: diva2:1967656
Educational program
Psychology, bachelor's level
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2025-06-13 Created: 2025-06-11 Last updated: 2025-10-21Bibliographically approved

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