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Sanning och samvete - en utvärdering av arbetet med sannings- och försoningskommissionen för tornedalingar, kväner och lantalaiset i Sverige: [Truth and Conscience – An Evaluation of the Work on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Tornedalians, Kvens and Lantalaiset]
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Social Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7114-4605
2024 (Swedish)In: Heimen, ISSN 0017-9841, E-ISSN 1894-3195, Vol. 61, no 4, p. 351-373Article in journal (Other academic) Published
Abstract [sv]

Sannings- och försoningskommission för tornedalingar, kväner och lantalaiset (SFK) tillsattes 2020 för att undersöka statens assimileringspolitik mot de tre grupperna under 1800- och 1900-talet. I artikeln beskrivs arbetet i kommissionen som en förhandling mellan olika intressen och professioner om vad som hänt i det förflutna. Historieämnets roll och kunskapsprocessen i arbetet undersöks utifrån de direktiv som gavs, inledningsvis den kunskapsrelativism som direktivet återspeglar eftersom begreppen kväner och lantalaiset inte användes under assimileringspolitiken i Tornedalen. Etableringen av de två etnonymerna på 1990-talet förklaras med deras koppling till urfolksfrågan och tornedalingarna krav på att kunna utöva traditionella näringar. I SFK:s beskrivning och analys av assimileringspolitiken redogörs för hur militära, utrikespolitiska, religiösa och rasbiologiska hotbilder påverkade den statliga synen på tornedalingarna. Assimileringspolitiken har medfört att tornedalingarnas historia ofta osynliggjorts i svensk historieskrivning, likaså det finska folkets historia som en integrerad del av tornedalingarnas historia. SFK visar hur en exkluderande nationalistisk hållning till tornedalingarna skapade ett informellt metasystem av utbildningar för försvenskning av Tornedalen, ett sammansatt assimilerande skolsystem som utövade ett övergripande assimilerande tryck på tornedalingarna. De 198 intervjuer med tornedalingar som kommissionen använt sig av visar att statens assimileringspolitik orsakat en stor kulturell förlust för tornedalingarna som sträcker sig över generationer. Det gäller förlust av det meänkielispråkiga kulturarvet, osynliggörande i en svensk nationalistisk kontext men också frågor som berör territoriell hemvist och traditionella näringar som del av identiteten.

Abstract [en]

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Tornedalians, Kvens and Lantalaiset (TRC) was set up in 2020 to investigate the assimilation policy towards the three groups during the nineteenth and twentieth century. The work of the commission is, in this context, described as a negotiation between different interests and professions about what happened in the past. The role of history as a subject, and also the knowledge process within the committee, is investigated in relation to the directive given for the work. The directive is investigated out of the knowledge relativism it reflects. The groups of kvens and Lantalaiset was in the directive described as having been exposed to an assimilation policy during the nineteenth and twentieth century, in spite of the fact that these ethnonyms were never officially used in the assimilation policy. The use of the two ethnonyms from the 1990s is explained in the context of indigenous rights, and also out of the demand by Tornedalians to have the possibility to practise traditional livelihoods. The TRC’s description and analyses of the assimilation policy describes how military, foreign policy, religious and racial-biological threat pictures influenced the state view of the Tornedalians. The assimilation policy has led to the ignorance of the history of the Tornedalians within Swedish historiography, as well as ignorance of the history of the Finnish people as an integrated part of the history of Tornedalen. TRC also demonstrates how an exclusionary nationalistic attitude towards the Tornedalians created an informal meta-system of education in order to make Tornedalen Swedish. This comprehensive assimilating school system put an overall assimilating pressure on the Tornedalians. The 198 interviews with Tornedalians that the commission used demonstrates how the assimilation policy of the state caused a major cultural loss to the Tornedalians that stretches over generations. It involves not only the loss of the Meänkieli-speaking cultural heritage and their invisibility in a nationalistic Swedish context but also the matter of territorial belonging and traditional livelihoods as part of their identity.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Scandinavian University Press, 2024. Vol. 61, no 4, p. 351-373
Keywords [en]
Tornedalians, Truth and Reconciliation Commission, knowledge-relativism, assimilation policy, threat pictures, nationalism, cultural loss
Keywords [sv]
tornedalingar, sannings- och försoningskommission, kunskapsrelativism, assimileringspolitik, hotbilder, nationalism, kulturell förlust
National Category
History
Research subject
History
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-114013DOI: 10.18261/heimen.61.4.6OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-114013DiVA, id: diva2:1982358
Note

Godkänd;2025;Nivå 0;2025-11-21 (u8);

Full text license: CC BY

Available from: 2025-07-08 Created: 2025-07-08 Last updated: 2025-11-21Bibliographically approved

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Elenius, Lars

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