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Numerical modelling of the hydrogeochemical behaviour of laboratory-scale waste rocks configurations in improving contaminated neutral mine drainage quality: Implications for designing for closure
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Geosciences and Environmental Engineering. Institut de recherche en mines et en environnement, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), 445 boulevard de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4, Canada.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9412-9267
Institut de recherche en mines et en environnement, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), 445 boulevard de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4, Canada.
Institut de recherche en mines et en environnement, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), 445 boulevard de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4, Canada.
Institut de recherche en mines et en environnement, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), 445 boulevard de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4, Canada.
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2025 (English)In: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, ISSN 0169-7722, E-ISSN 1873-6009, Vol. 275, article id 104694Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Nickel-contaminated neutral drainage (Ni-CND) has been reported from the Lac Tio waste rock (WR) piles after several years of atmospheric exposure. This issue has prompted the development of innovative geo-engineering strategies to mitigate Ni release and transport. One proposed approach involves configuring the WR piles using a combination of Ni-releasing hemo-ilmenite (HI) and Ni-sorbing anorthosite rocks. Short-term laboratory leaching column tests (504 days) demonstrated that placing an anorthosite layer beneath the HI-WR significantly reduced Ni release, primarily through sorption within the anorthosite. While these results were promising for Ni mitigation, the short duration of testing may not adequately represent long-term geochemical behaviour—an essential consideration for mine closure planning. This underscored the need for predictive tools to assess the long-term drainage quality of the Lac Tio WRs. To address this, the long-term hydrogeochemical behaviour of the column tests was simulated using the reactive transport model MIN3P. The objective was to evaluate the anorthosite layer's effectiveness in sorbing Ni and delaying the onset of Ni-CND, a key concern for sustainable WR management at Lac Tio. Despite simplifications and parameter limitations, the 504-day simulations satisfactorily reproduced laboratory data (pH, Ca, K, Mg, Ni, and SO₄2−), indicating model reliability and providing valuable insights for the long-term WR management. Extending the simulation to 30 years revealed that Ni sorption sites in the anorthosite became saturated after approximately 16 years, resulting in elevated Ni concentrations in drainage water (up to 0.45 mg/L), approaching regulatory limits and suggesting a potential risk of CND development. Sensitivity analysis with increased anorthosite thickness (and by inference, mass) showed a notable reduction in Ni concentrations (maximum 0.30 mg/L) after 50 years and subsequent delay before any potential onset of CND. However, the mineral volume fractions indicated the long-term potential for CND. The implications of the simulation results in the optimization of waste rock piles design to further mitigate Ni release from waste rocks from the study area was subsequently discussed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier B.V. , 2025. Vol. 275, article id 104694
Keywords [en]
Lac Tio, Neutral mine drainage, Waste rocks, Hemo-ilmenite, Anorthosite, MIN3P
National Category
Mineral and Mine Engineering Environmental Sciences
Research subject
Applied Geochemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-114508DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104694ISI: 001560225400001PubMedID: 40845789Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105013561700OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-114508DiVA, id: diva2:1993824
Note

Validerad;2025;Nivå 2;2025-10-10 (u5);

For funding information, see: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169772225001998?via%3Dihub

Available from: 2025-09-01 Created: 2025-09-01 Last updated: 2025-10-21Bibliographically approved

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Salifu, Musah

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