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Exploring Carcinogenic Risk and Life Cycle Analysis of Printed Circuit Board Bioleaching
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering.
2025 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

Waste from electronic and electrical components, or WEEE, is an ever-growing and important waste stream in Europe. Biochemical leaching is a new technology that can be used as a cleaner environmental option for metallic recovery from waste electronics. This study first compiles past research on microorganisms that have been tested and studied for use in the bioleaching process. From this, a hypothetical PCB leaching plant using a pre-treatment facility and a two-stage bioreactor will be simulated to find environmental impact and carcinogenic risk from its operation in Northern Sweden. This will be done with HSC, OpenLCA CML-2001, and Argo open-source tools. Chromium(VI) and Lead will be the key elements of study for an LCA analysis and Monte Carlo risk assessment. It is found through LCA simulation that there is a reasonable risk of future marine and freshwater ecotoxicity due to the waste outputs of the bioleaching facility regarding Pb and Cr(VI). After 100 years of simulation, concentrations of lead and chromium in aquatic environments may be higher than acceptable concentrations in both sediment and water. When studying carcinogenic risk, a landfill that houses e-waste is simulated and used as a comparison to the bioleaching process. Compared to landfilling, the health risk for cancer effects over a lifetime is 77.9% lower when bioleaching. Non-cancer risk is also found to be 44% higher than bioleaching when taking into account the 90th percentile of people. From the results, statistically, 5 in every 100,000 may get cancer from the bioleaching process, but 3 in every 10,000 may be effected if it is a landfill. It is also found that children have a higher risk of non-cancer health effects than adults due to the neurotoxic properties of lead. Bioleaching can be considered for cold climates as it requires less energy and has lower operation costs in long term. There exist some forms of microorganism that performs at colder temperatures that may be substituted to further aid this goal of arctic operation. Considering an end-of-life solution for one of Europe’s largest growing waste streams must be made in a cold climate area, in almost all regards. In that case, it is better to use bioleaching compared to landfilling when considering the local environment and people in the region of operation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025.
National Category
Mineral and Mine Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-114703OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-114703DiVA, id: diva2:1998429
Subject / course
Student thesis, at least 30 credits
Educational program
Arctic Mineral Resources
Presentation
2025-06-05, T3109, Norra Strandgatan 3, Luleå, 14:00 (English)
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2025-10-02 Created: 2025-09-16 Last updated: 2025-10-21Bibliographically approved

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CiteExportLink to record
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